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1.
As a philosophy professor, one of my central goals is to teach students to think critically. However, one difficulty with determining whether critical thinking can be taught, or even measured, is that there is widespread disagreement over what critical thinking actually is. Here, I reflect on several conceptions of critical thinking, subjecting them to critical scrutiny. I also distinguish critical thinking from other forms of mental processes with which it is often conflated. Next, I present my own conception of critical thinking, wherein it fundamentally consists in acquiring, developing, and exercising the ability to grasp inferential connections holding between statements. Finally, given this account of critical thinking, and given recent studies in cognitive science, I suggest the most effective means for teaching students to think critically.  相似文献   

2.
Nel Noddings has presented a distinctive view of education that is relational in outlook. Although all of her writing holds implications for social education broadly construed, a subset of it addresses the school subject of social studies directly. This article mainly concerns what Noddings has said and implied about chief constructs of the latter. In particular, I look at (a) critical thinking, (b) what should be taught, and (c) what the foregoing suggest for teacher education. I conclude that her work holds great potential to reconstruct social studies theory and practice.  相似文献   

3.
1992年 ,我国大陆正式启动小学社会课程。随之展开的是各种各样的研究和探索。内容包括 :在小学开设社会科的意义和价值 ;小学社会科的目的、课程性质、课程内容、课程结构 ;小学社会科的教学目标、教学原则、教学模式、教学方法 ;小学社会科的教材研究 ;小学社会科的比较研究以及一些相关学科领域的具体研究等等。总的看来 ,我国大陆小学社会科的研究还相当薄弱 ,尤其是理论方面仍有很多有待深入探讨和澄清的问题 ,历史研究也是一个空白 ,从实际出发的原则还应进一步强化 ,实验探索和经验总结亟需提高质量和水平。  相似文献   

4.
In this article I first discuss how in Singapore the concept of meritocracy captures both elitist and egalitarian aspirations, and the ways in which its education policies have for a long time vacillated between these conflicting dimensions. I then argue that critical studies of meritocracy need to go beyond an understanding of the term as an inherently unstable concept instantiated problematically in policy and practice. Rather, as I develop the argument further, the dynamics of meritocracy needs to be appreciated as an ideology that is negotiated by dominant social groups as these seek to legitimize particular distributions of social resources. Such dominant ideologies, however, are not only produced in the education system; they are also reproduced through it, often in far more complex ways. To see how these ideologies and their tensions animate the very mechanism that sits at the centre of the reproduction of (in)equality, viz. the curriculum, the rest of the article provides an account of how one particular subject area is differently taught in an elite and a mainstream school.  相似文献   

5.
Spatial thinking, which is taught and practiced in many of the social sciences, is a skill that is often overlooked in the social work curriculum. Spatial thought increases perception, logic, and organized cognition of goals and therefore holds promise for social work practice. Developing skills in spatial thought offers social workers additional tools for problem solving at all practice levels. Finally, thinking spatially raises awareness of problem-solving techniques in relation to environmental resources, a key aspect of systems theory. Fortunately, spatial thinking can be easily integrated into a variety of social work classes helping students master the skill and understand its importance. This article defines and describes spatial thinking, explores its fit in various areas of the social work curriculum, and discusses ways its use can be encouraged.  相似文献   

6.
Lynda Graham 《Literacy》2012,46(3):133-139
In this paper, I describe ongoing research exploring ways in which young teachers’ digital lives unfold inside and outside classrooms. I first interviewed teachers in 2006, and identified three different routes into digital worlds: serious solitary self‐taught, serious solitary school‐taught and playful social. A number of teachers agreed to be interviewed again in 2010. I outline ways in which I compare and contrast interviews over time, using analytic markers developed in ‘Inventing Adulthoods’, a Qualitative Longitudinal Research project. I also describe ways in which I set my analysis in Adam's concepts of time: ‘biographical time, generational time and historical time’. Case studies are outlined of three teachers, one serious solitary and two playful social. All three were language coordinators in 2006, and already experienced, innovative teachers of literacy. I argue that in 2010, the serious solitary teacher is able to bring new competences to the classroom, but fitting existing ways of teaching. In contrast, the playful social teachers bring new ways of knowing about digital worlds into classrooms, but these new ways are realised only if competences are recognised, communities are supportive and traditional ways of knowing about teaching and the curriculum do not block new ways of thinking.  相似文献   

7.
论新课程背景下教师思维方式的转变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
教师的思维方式是教育教学这一特定的社会实践方式在教师主体中的内化,教育的发展变革决定着教师思维方式的变革。随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的深化发展,表现在课程、教学和学校文化层面的改革趋势日益加强,传统的教师思维方式逐渐暴露出抽象、二元对立等问题,已不能和社会实践的发展相适应,这就要求教师思维方式也作出转变和提升。新课程背景下教师转变和提升思维方式,必须注重教学过程、注重创造、注重学生个性等。  相似文献   

8.
Although the relationship between the classroom learning environment and academic achievement has been explored in subject-free and disciplinary subject contexts, research into this relationship is still lacking in the context of interdisciplinary subjects. This study investigated the relationship between the classroom learning environment and student achievement in an interdisciplinary subject (i.e. liberal studies) in Hong Kong secondary schools. The mediating role of critical thinking was also explored. The participants were 410 Hong Kong secondary school graduates. The structural equation modelling analyses indicated that (1) the Content aspect of the classroom learning environment had an effect on the achievement in liberal studies, and this effect was not mediated by critical thinking; (2) the Pedagogy aspect predicted critical thinking skills, which in turn predicted the achievement in liberal studies; (3) the Relation aspect had no significant effects on critical thinking skills and student achievement in liberal studies. Suggestions on enhancing students’ high-order thinking skills and achievement in interdisciplinary subjects were provided.  相似文献   

9.
黄翠兰 《天津教育》2021,(9):20-21,24
在现代社会变革中,创新教育逐渐被纳入教育发展体系中,而根据学科特点加强对学生创新思维能力培养,也成为教师融入教学改革,促进学生全面发展的必然选择。初中阶段,数学是训练学生创新思维的主要学科。本文则从初中数学课程改革背景出发,分析如何通过课堂环境构建、问题引导、互动合作、逻辑思考、生活实践等途径,构建教学培养策略,以期对发展学生的创新思维提供参考意见。  相似文献   

10.
Pre‐college philosophy has proliferated greatly over the last few decades, including in the form of ‘philosophy across the curriculum’. However, there has been very little sustained examination of the nature of philosophy as a subject relative to other standard pre‐college subjects and the kinds of expertise an effective philosophy teacher at this level should possess. At face value, the minimal academic preparation expected for competence in secondary philosophy instruction, compared to the high standards for teaching other subjects, raises questions and concerns. In this paper I make some provisional observations about the subject of philosophy and how it is taught from p4c through to the post‐secondary level. I begin by examining the concept of ‘philosophy across the curriculum’ and offer a working analysis of the main features of philosophy's form and content that enable us to determine its relevance to, and difference from, other subjects. Next, I examine and critique what I term the ‘populist’ conception of philosophy, which correlates to lower expectations of teacher training, and use my own experience of teaching philosophy across the curriculum to shed doubt on the viability of this approach. In the third section I consider what I term the ‘autonomous’ conception of philosophy, which correlates to more stringent expectations of teacher capacity, and explain why it is preferable to the populist conception with some qualifications. I conclude by reflecting on how philosophy compares to other subjects that are advanced cross‐curricularly and argue for more training of high school philosophy teachers.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper I introduce the contributions to a special section of the journal: one devoted to the question of how engineering curricula can or should contribute to the preparation of graduates for socially responsible decision making and conduct. The special section is motivated by the circumstance that, although there is broad agreement that engineering education has a role in preparing its graduates for social responsibility, there is a considerable lack of clarity as to how graduates should be prepared for social responsibility, and what this entails for the engineering curricula. Bucciarelli and Conlon both provide reasons why, in order to prepare graduates adequately for social responsibility, considerations of the organisational, social, legal and political context in which engineers operate need to be included in the teaching. Conlon, in addition, explores the possible contributions that the field of sociology can make to this teaching. Heikkerö focuses on the attitudes that are required for socially responsible professional practice and that should be taught in engineering education. Didier and Huet present the results of a survey on how the issue of corporate social responsibility is being discussed and taught in engineering education in France. Both Börsen and Zandvoort et al. report on courses that they teach, and which are aimed at preparing students for ethical and social responsibility.  相似文献   

12.
从本质主义到生成性思维--课程探究逻辑的后现代转换   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
20世纪末期以来,后现代主义以其鲜明的反本质主义旨趣和具有里程碑意义的生成性思维,掀起了课程论探究领域学术范式的革命。以本质主义及其认同性思维为逻辑起点运行了几千年的学校课程,遭遇了有史以来最强烈的批判与否定,学校课程的品质、使命、运行机制具有了新的视野与选择。  相似文献   

13.
Victor Quinn advocates teaching critical thinking as a curriculum subject. He has accused Professor John E. McPeck, a vehement critic of such proposals, not only of being wrong but also of being in need of such a critical thinking course himself. In this paper we examine the five supposed critical thinking weaknesses of which McPeck is accused and consider what Quinn's arguments tell us about critical thinking, its skills, its priorities and its claims to subject status.  相似文献   

14.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(1):118-129
Abstract

The purpose of this article is to expose lack of clarity that surrounds the justification for teaching critical thinking and to argue for communally beneficial reasons for teaching this important skill. An explication of critical thinking is done and the prerequisite conditions for its optimal utilisation are indicated. The views of eight educators on why we teach critical thinking are offered. An argument for a semiotic understanding of culture is presented and this is followed by views on why critical thinking is taught.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Goals for adding philosophy to the school curriculum centre on the perceived need to improve the general quality of critical thinking found in society. School philosophy also provides a means for asking questions of value and purpose about curriculum content across and between subjects, and, furthermore, it affirms the capability of children to think philosophically. Two main routes suggested are the introduction of philosophy as a subject, and processes of facilitating philosophical discussions as a way of establishing classroom ‘communities of inquiry’. This article analyses the place of philosophy in the school curriculum, drawing on three relevant examples of school curriculum reform: social studies, philosophy of science and Kura Kaupapa Māori.  相似文献   

16.
探讨课程改革的哲学基础是丰富当前课程理论、推动课程改革实践向纵深发展的紧迫议题。过程哲学的两个核心命题,为我国课程改革提供新的思维与视角。“过程”视野中的课程改革应该突出课程的过程思维和关系思维,克服教学评价中“具体性误置的谬误”,建构综合的评价机制,学校进行自我评价和教师自行设定课程。  相似文献   

17.
This study investigated whether a geospatial information technology (GIT)‐supported science curriculum helped students in an urban middle school understand land use change (LUC) concepts and enhanced their spatial thinking. Five 8th grade earth and space science classes in an urban middle school consisting of three different ability level tracks participated in the study. Data gathering methods included pre/posttest assessments, daily classroom observations, daily teacher meetings, and examination of student produced artifacts. Findings indicated that content knowledge about environmental issues associated with LUC and spatial thinking skills involved with aerial and remotely sensed (RS) imagery interpretation increased for all learners. In most content and skill area clusters, effect sizes were larger for lower and middle track learners than for upper track learners. Achievement for spatial thinking items increased for all ability level tracks. The curriculum implementation appeared effective for enhancing spatial thinking skills involved with RS image interpretation to identify objects and investigate ground cover features. Learners at all ability levels had difficulty interpreting time‐sequenced images. Influencing learning contexts including curriculum design principles and instructional strategies are discussed. The findings from this study provide support that spatial thinking can be learned, can be taught formally to all students in an urban middle school, and can be supported by appropriately designed tools, technologies, and curriculum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 281–300, 2011  相似文献   

18.
对课程改革的若干思考   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
课程改革是人们对课程进行的根本性改造,与一般的、具体的课程改进相比,综合性更强、范围更广、程度更深、持续时间更久,它往往涉及有关课程的价值观念、理论基础、指导思想、制度政策等方面的重大变化或方向性调整。课程改革的内在动力是人们通过学校课程的不断改变来满足学生个体发展的需要和社会发展的需要。在课程改革中我们经常会采用线性思维方式和二元对立思维方式,值得反思和改进。对课程改革的评价可以考虑课程改革的适切性、进步性和正义性。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

This article reports the results of a study that assesses the effectiveness of a Philosophy in Schools (PIS) program in developing English as a Second Language (ESL) students’ thinking skills and English competence in Hong Kong. In the study, training and support were provided for two English teachers to enable them to teach PIS to their Secondary 4 ESL students during English lessons. The students were found to be capable of reasoning and arguing about philosophical problems arising from various stimuli prepared by their teachers according to the English curriculum. Also, PIS was found to play an important role in promoting the students’ critical and creative thinking and enhance the development of their English language proficiency to a significant extent. The findings of this study suggest that integrating philosophy into the English curriculum can promote critical thinking, creative thinking, and English language proficiency in ESL students.  相似文献   

20.
There has been a good deal of research into the problems Chinese postgraduate students studying in English-speaking universities face with regard to critical thinking. This project is an attempt to tackle this issue from a new perspective. It aims to explore how a unique aspect of the university curriculum in China – the so-called ‘four treasures’ (four compulsory modules of political thought taken by all Chinese undergraduate students: ‘The Fundamentals of Marxism’; ‘Maoism and Chinese Characteristic Socialism’; ‘The Outline of Modern Chinese History’; and ‘Moral Thoughts, Legal and Civic Education’) – influence Chinese students in terms of their political and cultural values. It will trace the emergence of this programme and offer a content analysis of the curriculum. The study also uses focus groups to investigate how the Chinese postgraduate students regard their undergraduate courses in China. This article will argue that the higher education curriculum in China, which is heavily regulated by the state, has become one of the main obstacles preventing Chinese undergraduate students from developing independent and critical thinking, particularly in the arts, humanities and social sciences.  相似文献   

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