共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
蔡玉川 《科技成果管理与研究》2010,(2):73-75
本文应用一组产量和流压数据,通过最小二乘法回归得到二项式产能公式中的系数A和B绘制气井流入动态曲线。该曲线能较直观地反映气井产量和井底流压之问的关系,也反映了气体从气藏流入井底的动态,同时也能分析气井的生产制度是否合理。根据气水在井筒中的流动规律,确定气井携液临界流量及临界流速,从而可以确定油管的直径、下入深度等参数,以便对有杆泵排水采气进行优化设计。根据气井的流入动态、气水两相流动、有杆泵的优化设计,用数学手段精确地描述各个系统的参数动态规律,建立各种数学模型,编制计算机程序进行计算。 相似文献
2.
Kuo-yuan Chung Narayan Chandra Mishra Chen-chi Wang Feng-hui Lin Keng-hui Lin 《Biomicrofluidics》2009,3(2)
In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the technique to using microfluidics to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds with uniform pore sizes. We investigate both the bubble generation of the microfluidic device and the application of foam as a tissue engineering scaffold. Our microfluidic device consists of two concentric tapered channels, which are made by micropipettes. Nitrogen gas and aqueous alginate solution with Pluronic® F127 surfactant are pumped through the inner and the outer channels, respectively. We observe rich dynamic patterns of bubbles encapsulated in the liquid droplets. The size of the bubble depends linearly on the gas pressure and inversely on the liquid flow rate. In addition, monodisperse bubbles self-assemble into crystalline structures. The liquid crystalline foams are further processed into open-cell solid foams. The novel foam gel was used as a scaffold to culture chondrocytes. 相似文献
3.
针对工业中广泛应用的管壳式换热器,比较了几种壳侧流动的分析方法,并在此基础上提出了适宜于单相和气液两相流路分析法的壳侧单元流动模型。以主流、旁路流和泄漏流等各分流路的气液流量分布在稳态下应使壳侧流动的能量损耗达到最小的原则为基础,建立了壳侧气液两相流路分析法,给出了各流路的气液流量比例及错流区、窗口区压降的预测步骤,也给出了壳侧总压降计算式。建立的两相流路分析法预测结果与试验结果符合较好。 相似文献
4.
Photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) microspheres are applicable to deliver cells or drugs in biological or biomedical applications. To fabricate GelMa microdroplets, a flow focusing technique with advantages of size control and rapid production was used in a T-junction microfluidic device. Instability played an important role in promoting microdroplet uniformity. 5 wt. % GelMa prepolymer solution mixed with cells affected cell-induced instability. At low flow rate ratio of GelMa to mineral oil below 0.200, stability was maintained regardless of GelMa concentration (5 and 8 wt. %) and cell presence, which led to uniform microdroplet generation. In contrast, instability at high flow rate ratio above 0.200 was worsened by cell presence and unstable jetting length, resulting in the generation of non-uniform cell-laden microdroplets. Therefore, the effect of cell-induced instability on microdroplet generation was minimized at a low flow rate ratio. 相似文献
5.
杜瑞萍 《科技成果管理与研究》2009,(2):90-91,89
气井一点法试井工艺技术简单,施工成本低,施工周期短,已广泛应用于大牛地气田气井产能预测和评价,一点法试井只要求测取稳定的地层压力、一个工作制度下的稳定流压,但一点法对资料的分析带有一定的经验性和统计性,分析误差较大。特别是大牛地气田属于低渗透气藏,压力恢复缓慢,所测的地层静压值偏低,求产开井3天以上多数井测取不到稳定的流压,所取流压值偏高,计算的无阻流量均偏高。因而根据一点法所得到的产能方程来预测地层产能往往偏大,经验统计表明,开井时间越长,所求的无阻流量越低。 相似文献
6.
Specific binding and magnetic concentration of CD8+ T-lymphocytes on electrowetting-on-dielectric platform 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the quest to create a low-power portable lab-on-a-chip system, we demonstrate the specific binding and concentration of human CD8+ T-lymphocytes on an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD)-based digital microfluidic platform using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads (MB-Abs). By using a small quantity of nonionic surfactant, we enable the human cell-based assays with selective magnetic binding on the EWOD device in an air environment. High binding efficiency (～92%)of specific cells on MB-Abs is achieved due to the intimate contact between the cells and the magnetic beads (MBs) produced by the circulating flow within the small droplet. MBs have been used and cells manipulated in the droplets actuated by EWOD before; reported here is a cell assay of a clinical protocol on the EWOD device in air environment. The present technique can be further extended to capture other types of cells by suitable surface modification on the MBs. 相似文献
7.
Allan C.G. Mitchell 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1930,210(3):269-286
It has been shown that electrons with 11.5 volts energy can dissociate a hydrogen molecule into its two constituent atoms, but up until recently no experiments have been performed to see whether fast positive ions are able to dissociate hydrogen.In the present experiments Li or Cs positive ions of various velocities are produced in a tube containing hydrogen molecules. The tube is immersed in liquid air, and the rate of decrease of pressure of hydrogen is measured as a function of the velocity of the positive ions. It is found that with no positive ions entering the tube there is a certain decrease in the pressure of the hydrogen due to its thermal dissociation on the hot filament and its subsequent condensation on the cold walls of the tube. With ions of energies from 15 to 320 volts flowing in the tube the rate of decrease of pressure is greater, showing a formation of some condensible product due to the action of the ions.The rate of pressure decrease with the voltage applied has been found to be proportional to the ion current flowing. The rate per unit current is proportional to the pressure; and the rate per unit current per unit pressure is practically independent of the voltage for Li and Cs ions of energies from 15 to 320 volts.The effect has been shown not to be due to secondary electrons.The process may be due to the formation of alkali hydrides in the gas phase. The number of hydrogen molecules disappearing per positive ion entering the tube varies from 0.01 to 0.5. No critical potentials have been found in this experiment, in disagreement with recent experiments of Leipunsky and Schechter. 相似文献
8.
Powders can float like a gas; flow like a liquid; or support a weight in the same way as hard-packed snow. They behave rather like gases when in the form of smoke or dust in the atmosphere; rather like liquids when poured or conveyed during manufacturing processes; and rather like solids when compressed into blocks by subjecting them to pressure. 相似文献
9.
Subject to the assumptions of zero starting pressure, covolume equal to charge volume, burning rate proportional to pressure, constant burning surface, and no heat loss through gas or projectile friction, the equations of interior ballistics are presented in simple form.It is hoped that these simple equations will be of some aid in making ready approximate evaluations of the effect of variation of any parameter.The general equations are listed in section I. In section II the expressions for the maximum pressure and muzzle velocity are discussed more fully, and the derivatives with respect to various parameters are given. 相似文献
10.
11.
根据硫化氢气体易溶于水的特性,利用探测封堵、高压注水、带压注水爆破、放炮喷雾等有针对性的措施,同时发挥监测监控作用,加强通风管理,提高作业地点的供风量,从而有效地控制或消除其危害性,实现安全生产。 相似文献
12.
文章分析阐述了对该分厂发生炉煤气生产的自动化控制改造方法和经验,通过改造仪表检测设备,更改阀门控制系统、增设鼓风机变频器,增加对煤气生产全流程进行检测和控制的DCS系统,并根据生产工艺以及生产设备的特点,重点开发编制了发生炉自动加煤系统、鼓风机变频控制系统、煤气负荷平衡调节控制系统。经过项目改造后该厂提高了满料层煤气生产的自动化控制程度,稳定了煤气生产,降低了操作工劳动强度。各项技术经济指标有了较大的提升:煤气热值升高,煤气放散率由改造前平均6.4%降低至平均0.09%,年可减少煤气放散量2500Km3;发生炉煤气电单耗改造前年均48.37KWh/Km3降至年均44.61KWh/Km3。 相似文献
13.
Wei Zhou Lili Niu Feiyan Cai Fei Li Chen Wang Xiaowei Huang Jingjing Wang Junru Wu Long Meng Hairong Zheng 《Biomicrofluidics》2016,10(3)
A microfluidic device based on a pair of slant-finger interdigital transducers (SFITs) is developed to achieve a selective and flexible manipulation of microbubbles (MBs) by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The resonance frequency of SAWs generated by the SFITs depends on the location of its parallel pathway; the particles at different locations of the SAWs'' pathway can be controlled selectively by choosing the frequency of the excitation signal applied on the SFITs. By adjusting the input signal continuously, MBs can be transported along the acoustic aperture precisely. The displacement of MBs has a linear relationship with the frequency shift. The resolution of transportation is 15.19 ± 2.65 μm when the shift of input signal frequency is at a step of 10 kHz. In addition, the MBs can be controlled in a two-dimensional plane by combining variations of the frequency and the relative phase of the excitation signal applied on the SFITs simultaneously. This technology may open up the possibility of selectively and flexibly manipulating MBs using a simple one-dimensional device. 相似文献
14.
The effect of an electrical double layer (EDL) on microchannel flow has been studied widely, and a constant bulk electric conductivity is often used in calculations of flow rate or pressure drop. In our experimental study of pressure-driven micropipette flows, the pipette diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the Debye length. The overlapping EDL resulted in a much higher electric conductivity, lower streaming potential, and lower electroviscous effect. To elucidate the effect of overlapping EDL, this paper developed a simple model for water flow without salts or dissolved gases (such as CO2) inside a two-dimensional microchannel. The governing equations for the flow, the Poisson, and Nernst equations for the electric potential and ion concentrations and the charge continuity equation were solved. The effects of overlapping EDL on the electric conductivity, velocity distribution, and overall pressure drop in the microchannel were quantified. The results showed that the average electric conductivity of electrolyte inside the channel increased significantly as the EDL overlaps. With the modified mean electric conductivity, the pressure drop for the pressure-driven flow was smaller than that without the influence of the EDL on conductivity. The results of this study provide a physical explanation for the observed decrease in electroviscous effect for microchannels when the EDL layers from opposing walls overlap. 相似文献
15.
Shuaiqin Wang Yujia Sun Wupeng Gan Yan Liu Guangxin Xiang Dong Wang Lei Wang Jing Cheng Peng Liu 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(2)
We present an integrated microfluidic device capable of performing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) preparation and magnetic bead-based microarray analysis with a white-light detection for detecting mutations that account for hereditary hearing loss. The entire operation process, which includes loading of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (MBs) and biotin-labeled polymerase chain reaction products, active dispersion of the MBs with DNA for binding, alkaline denaturation of DNA, dynamic hybridization of the bead-labeled ssDNA to a tag array, and white-light detection, can all be automatically accomplished in a single chamber of the microchip, which was operated on a self-contained instrument with all the necessary components for thermal control, fluidic control, and detection. Two novel mixing valves with embedded polydimethylsiloxane membranes, which can alternately generate a 3-μl pulse flow at a peak rate of around 160 mm/s, were integrated into the chip for thoroughly dispersing magnetic beads in 2 min. The binding efficiency of biotinylated oligonucleotides to beads was measured to be 80.6% of that obtained in a tube with the conventional method. To critically test the performance of this automated microsystem, we employed a commercial microarray-based detection kit for detecting nine mutation loci that account for hereditary hearing loss. The limit of detection of the microsystem was determined as 2.5 ng of input K562 standard genomic DNA using this kit. In addition, four blood samples obtained from persons with mutations were all correctly typed by our system in less than 45 min per run. The fully automated, “amplicon-in-answer-out” operation, together with the white-light detection, makes our system an excellent platform for low-cost, rapid genotyping in clinical diagnosis. 相似文献
16.
Hai-Peng Ren Xuan Wang Jun-Tao Fan Okyay Kaynak 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(12):6160-6174
Gas flow has fractional order dynamics; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the pneumatic systems with a proportional valve to regulate gas flow have fractional order dynamics as well. There is a hypothesis that the fractional order control has better control performance for this inherent fractional order system, although the model used for fractional controller design is integer order. To test this hypothesis, a fractional order sliding mode controller is proposed to control the pneumatic position servo system, which is based on the exponential reaching law. In this method, the fractional order derivative is introduced into the sliding mode surface. The stability of the controller is proven using Lyapunov theorem. Since the pressure sensor is not required, the control system configuration is simple and inexpensive. The experimental results presented indicate the proposed method has better control performance than the fractional order proportional integral derivative (FPID) controller and some conventional integral order control methods. Points to be noticed here are that the fractional order sliding mode control is superior to the integral order sliding mode counterpart, and the FPID is superior to the corresponding integral order PID, both with optimal parameters. Among all the methods compared, the proposed method achieves the highest tracking accuracy. Moreover, the proposed controller has less chattering in the manipulated variable, the energy consumption of the controller is therefore substantially reduced. 相似文献
17.
Here, we introduce a solution to low stability of a two-phase slug flow with a chemical reaction occurring at the phase interface in a microfluidic reactor where substantial merging of individual reacting slugs results in the loss of uniformity of the flow. We create a three-phase slug flow by introducing a third fluid phase into the originally two-phase liquid-liquid slug flow, which generates small two-phase liquid slugs separated by gas phase. Introduction of the third phase into our system efficiently prevents merging of slugs and provides beneficial reaction conditions, such as uniform flow pattern along the whole reaction capillary, interfacial area with good reproducibility, and intensive water-oil interface renewal. We tested the three-phase flow on an enzyme hydrolysis of soybean oil and compared the reaction conversion with those from unstable two-phase slug flows. We experimentally confirmed that the three-phase slug flow arrangement provides conversions and pressure drops comparable or even better with two-phase liquid-liquid arrangements. 相似文献
18.
Living birds are unique among vertebrates in the formation of a female-specific bone tissue called medullary bone (MB) that is strictly associated with reproductive activity. MB is a rapidly mobilized source of calcium and phosphorus for the production of eggshell. Among living taxa, its skeletal distribution can be highly extensive such that it even exists in the ribs of some species. Due to its ephemeral nature, MB is rarely fossilized and so little is understood with regard to the origin of MB and its skeletal distribution in early taxa. Here we describe a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Mirusavis parvus, gen. et. sp. nov., indicating that skeleton-wide distribution of MB appeared early in avian evolution. We suggest that this represents the plesiomorphic condition for the Aves and that the distribution of MB observed among extant neornithines is a product of increased pneumatization in this lineage and natural selection for more efficient distribution of MB. 相似文献
19.
为了确定重油催化裂化沉降器中液相组分的数量及其对结焦的贡献，以工业重油催化裂化装置的沉降器为研究对象，按照正构烷烃模型分子法确定基团组成的方法，利用已编写的气化率计算程序，求取了沉降器内反应油气的重组分——油浆馏分的气化率，确定反应油气的气、液相比例。计算结果表明，在实际工业操作条件下，重油催化裂化沉降器内的油浆馏分以气、液两相状态存在，其露点温度为488.8℃，露点温度直接取决于油浆终馏分的沸程，而且油浆分压对其泡点和露点温度也有较大影响。 相似文献
20.
Xiao Wang Shuanghao Zheng Feng Zhou Jieqiong Qin Xiaoyu Shi Sen Wang Chenglin Sun Xinhe Bao Zhong-Shuai Wu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):64
The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO2 MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO2 ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique. The planar separator-free Zn//MnO2 MBs, tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte, deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm3 (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm3, and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm3, outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm3). Furthermore, our Zn//MnO2 MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C, which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO2 batteries previously reported. Also, Zn//MnO2 planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation, and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output. Therefore, low-cost, environmentally benign Zn//MnO2 MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy, safe, scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics. 相似文献