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1.
Erin Flynn 《体育哲学杂志》2017,44(3):342-358
Among philosophers, the question about strategic fouls has been whether they are ethically justified in light of our best conception of sport. This paper proposes a different defense. I argue that many strategic fouls should be excused even if we regard them as unjustified. I first lay out a partial defense of the assumptions that playing to win cannot be subordinate to playing skillfully and that winning has value that cannot be accounted for in terms of the skill that produces it. I then argue that the logic of competitive play structures practical reason such that it is unreasonable to require even an ethical competitor always to subordinate the aim of winning to ethical standards within the game. Some ethical failures should be excused. The argument implies limits on the excusing conditions. I discuss these limits in some detail, showing that they fit patterns in the common acceptance of strategic fouls. I then address possible objections. In conclusion I argue that the logic of excuse rather than justification explains a common reaction to strategic fouls, resolving what might otherwise appear to be a contradiction in that reaction. 相似文献
2.
Miguel-Ángel Gómez Roberto Silva Alberto Lorenzo Rasa Kreivyte Jaime Sampaio 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):247-254
Substituting basketball players during competition is a key process to optimise collective performance. Available research on this topic is scarce, probably due to the difficulty in isolating these effects; thus, the aim of this study was to identify the temporal effects of substitutions in basketball (Spanish professional basketball league). The sample was composed of 1118 substitutions gathered from 21 basketball games. The analysed variables were coach-controlled (player and team’s personal fouls, player in and player out roles, player’s in and out minutes on-court and timeout situation); on-court (foul committed, free throws, 2- and 3-point field-goal effectiveness) and situational variables (scoreline, quality of opposition, game location and game quarter). The results showed positive scoring performances after the substitution for all the analyses. During the first quarter, there were significant effects for fouls committed, scoreline and game location after the substitution. The player’s out personal fouls, free-throw effectiveness, player in, minutes on-court player in, timeout situation and 3-point field-goal effectiveness were significant during the second quarter. The team’s personal fouls, game location, and scoreline were identified as important in the third quarter. The fourth quarter did not show significant effects on the independent variables. Current findings allow optimising coaches’ plans and team management of on-court and bench players throughout the game. 相似文献
3.
中国国家男子篮球队技术指标与比赛成绩的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过文献调研、数理统计等方法计算第15届世界男子篮球锦标赛8强球队比赛名次和各项技术统计的相关系数,各指标对比赛名次影响的重要程度依次是:场均罚球次数、罚球得分、抢断、失误、犯规、2分球命中率、场均得分、3分球命中率、3分得分、2分球投篮次数,2分占总分比例、3分占总分比例;中国队的优势指标:罚球命中率、盖帽、罚球得分、场均得分,但这些指标与比赛名次呈低度相关。中国队的劣势指标:抢断、失误、犯规,这些指标对比赛名次呈高度相关,是制约中国队走向世界强队的关键因素。 相似文献
4.
Steven Weimer 《体育哲学杂志》2017,44(2):258-275
In two recent articles, Nicholas Dixon has argued that the intent to hurt and injure opponents which is essential to mixed martial arts (MMA) makes the sport intrinsically immoral. Although bondage, domination, sadism, and masochism (BDSM) also involves the intentional infliction of pain and injury, Dixon argues that it is morally permissible in many cases. In this paper, I examine the principle underlying Dixon's differentiation of MMA and BDSM. I argue that, when properly elaborated, that principle does not in fact condemn MMA as intrinsically immoral, but rather implies that the attitudes and actions of most autonomously consenting amateur MMA fighters and some autonomously consenting professionals are prima facie morally permissible. 相似文献
5.
Ivo Jirásek 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):177-181
Herein I address and extend the sparse literature on deception in sports, specifically, Kathleen Pearson’s Deception, Sportsmanship, and Ethics and Mark J. Hamilton’s There’s No Lying in Baseball (Wink, Wink). On a Kantian foundation, I argue that attempts to deceive officials, such as framing pitches in baseball, are morally unacceptable because they necessarily regard others (e.g., the umpire) as incompetent and as a mere means to one’s own self-interested ends. More dramatically I argue, contrary to Pearson and Hamilton, that some forms of competitor-to-competitor deception (which Pearson labels ‘strategic deception’) are similarly unacceptable. Specifically, I offer a ‘principle of caustic deceit’ according to which any strategic deception that divorces a game from its constitutive skills is morally untoward and ought to be met with negative social pressure at least, and/or legislated out of existence. The problem with these forms of strategic deception is that they treat one’s opponents, again in the Kantian sense, as a mere means to one’s own self-interested ends. 相似文献
6.
中外高水平男子篮球队不同区域犯规的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在现代篮球比赛中，不同区域的犯规可以反映出不同区域对抗的激烈程度，也可以反映出各队不同的防守重点、趋向和防守理念。通过对第15届世界男篮锦标赛临场裁判在各区判罚犯规次数的统计和分析，研究不同区域犯规中外男子篮球队存在的差异。结果显示，中国队在一区犯规中，拉人犯规、阻挡犯规、撞人犯规和防无球队员犯规与比赛队存在显著性差异；在二区中，非法用手犯规与比赛队有非常显著性差异，在其他区域犯规中均没有显著性差异。 相似文献
7.
以中国女子足球国家队为研究对象,选取2010年至2011年共计15场正式比赛,对比赛相关技术指标的统计以及各技术指标与比赛结果的相关性分析表明:控球率、射门次数、射门成功率、进球四项技术指标与获得比赛胜利的相关性较高,而传球次数、定位球、犯规与越位等技术指标与获得比赛胜利的相关性较低. 相似文献
8.
Miguel A. Gómez César Méndez Alejandro Indaburu Bruno Travassos 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(8):857-863
The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of players’ dismissals on the outcome of attacks in elite futsal matches, and to establish the performance profile of the attacks made in numerical superiority by elite futsal teams. One hundred and twenty five attacking game situations in numerical superiority (dismissal of opponents from defensive team) were analysed from the regular season of the Spanish professional Futsal League. The effect of contextual-related variables (quality of opposition, match-location, match-periods, opponent team’s fouls, match-status, attack-duration and match-type) on goal effectiveness was analysed using binomial logistic regression and two-step cluster analysis. Results from the binary logistic regression showed that the highest attack effectiveness was achieved when the teams play at home, perform the attack during minutes 33–36 and the opposing team has 3 fouls. Secondly, the two-step cluster analysis technique allowed identifying four types of attacks when the teams were playing with numerical superiority. The results showed the great importance (in order) of match-type, match-status, attacking team’s fouls, match-period, quality of opposition, opposing team’s fouls, match-location, goal situation, and attack duration. The identified trends may help coaches to design the superiority/inferiority scenarios more specifically during training and to monitor them during competition. 相似文献
9.
刘明刚 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):51-53
运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、对比分析法等研究方法,队2018-2019赛季NBA总决赛多伦多猛龙队与金州勇士队的几场比赛进行技术统计分析,归纳总结得出:勇士队主力球员的整体选秀顺位要好于猛龙队;猛龙队主力球员在身高、体重、年龄方面都比勇士队有优势;猛兽的首发球员场均得分、替补球员场均得分及阵容深度均优于勇士队;突破内线得分、中距离投篮得分及精准的罚球是猛龙队进攻获胜的制胜因素;高强度的防守、抢断多、犯规少、失误少是猛龙队防守获胜的制胜因素。 相似文献
10.
运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,对第15届世界男篮锦标赛西班牙队与对手比赛的后场篮板、犯规、抢断、盖帽、得分情况等进行统计分析。结果表明:西班牙队防守强悍牢固,能有效阻止和中断对手的进攻,在比赛中占有明显的优势,这是西班牙队获胜的重要保证。而中国队在第15届世界男篮锦标赛中表现不好,说明中国队跟世界强队之间还有一定差距,尤其在防守上不如对手。 相似文献
11.
针对 2 0 0 1年广西少年儿童游泳比赛运动员技术犯规多的问题 ,采用现场记录、赛后走访调查、数理统计方法。对各单位参赛人数与犯规人数进行百分比统计 ,记录各项目的犯规情况并作分类 ,发现 2 0 0m个人混合泳犯规最多 ,其次是仰泳和蛙泳 ,而且犯规相对集中在 10岁、11～ 12岁年龄 ,从游泳比赛的技术分段统计分析 ,转身段犯规最多 ,占本次比赛技术犯规的 6 6 %。 相似文献
12.
第4届女子世界杯足球决赛运动员犯规特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用文献资料、观察统计法，对第4届女子世界杯足球决赛场上队员犯规特征进行分析。结果显示：全部比赛共犯规813次、越位161次、红牌1张、黄牌65张；平均3．54min有1次犯规、17．89min发生1次越位、44.33min出示1张黄牌；上半场的犯规数略高于下半场、越位数略少于下半场、黄牌数大大低于下半场；队员上肢犯规多于下肢；中场犯规最多。 相似文献
13.
欲探索出2019年男篮世界杯不同梯队的球队胜负的关键性影响因素,主要采用数理统计法对比赛的技术指标进行判别分析。研究结果显示:(1)依据本届世界杯最终成绩排名可将32支参赛队伍划分为3个梯队。(2)逐步判别分析表明:第一梯队比赛胜负的有效判别指标为:防守篮板球、助攻、罚球投篮数、失误;第二梯队比赛胜负的有效判别指标为:三分球命中率、防守篮板球、助攻;第三梯队比赛胜负的有效判别指标为:助攻、两分球命中数、犯规、盖帽。(3)经检验三个梯队比赛胜负判别函数的判别效果明显,回代检验以及交叉检验的精确度均在80%以上。研究结果可为各个国家的球队备战国际大赛提供训练参考以及战术决策依据。 相似文献
14.
运用文献资料法、录像观察法、比较分析法、归纳法和数理统计等方法,对29届奥运会中国男篮与对手进攻能力多项指标进行统计分析,并与第15届世锦赛作比对。结果表明：与欧美强队相比,中国队在场均失误、犯规及罚球上与过去相比有一定进步,但在进攻战术体系运用上不合理,过分依赖阵地进攻,同时存在着进攻得分能力、助攻和篮板能力差等问题,是造成中国男篮在奥运会中没有能够改写历史的直接原因。 相似文献
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16.
掷界外球作为足球比赛中重新开始比赛的一种方式,与任意球、角球、点球、中圈开球等定位球相比同样是有价值的进攻得分手段。从技术动作结构分析,掌握双手投掷界外球的动作要领,克服常见的犯规,通过专项练习巩固身体肌群协调性和爆发力,改善足球掷界外球力量和距离。该文是笔者结合日常教学实践中的一些体会进行的一些理论探讨。 相似文献
17.
采用数理统计法、观察法,分析了参加本赛季CBA总决赛的两支队伍,从他们的常规赛和总决赛表现来看,广东队取胜是情理之中,八一队也有其自身的优势,但内线实力不足是他们失利的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
第15届世界男子篮球锦标赛中、外男子篮球队犯规特征的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过第15届世界男子篮球锦标赛中、外男子篮球队在犯规特征方面的比较,反映出中国队在犯规次数上主要集中在主力运动员身上,而国外球队的犯规次数却集中在替补运动员身上。在犯规时间上,中国队运动员犯规的高峰期主要在第3、4节,而国外球队运动员犯规的高峰期则出现在第1、2节。在犯规地点上,国外球队运动员有明显向全场扩大的趋势,而中国队运动员犯规的密集区却集中在篮下周围区域。在犯规性质上,国外球队主要体现在阻挡犯规和推人犯规方面,中国队主要体现在拉人和撞人犯规上。4项指标的对比,均存在着较大的差异。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法，对2004年亚洲杯与欧洲杯比赛中，队员犯规的规律和特点进行分析。研究表明：在现代足球比赛中亚洲队员、欧洲队员犯规均是以直接任意球的犯规为主，犯规都带有一定的攻击性；中路犯规最多，亚洲杯比赛中后场犯规多，欧洲杯比赛中前场犯规多，红黄牌主要集中在中场的中路；亚洲队员下肢犯规多于上肢，且主要集中在下肢的踢和上肢的拉；欧洲队员犯规上肢多于下肢，主要集中在推人犯规和绊人犯规等方面。 相似文献