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摘要的撰写要求 摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”。其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。根据摘要的功能来划分,摘要的形式可分为以下3种形式。 报道性摘要即资料性摘要或信息性摘要。它要求概括地、不加注释地陈述论文研究的目的、方法、结果及得出的结论等主要信息。向读者提供论文中全部创新内容和尽可能多的定量或定性信息,在一次文献中,试验研究及专题研究论文应撰写报道性摘要。一般科技论文都应尽量写成报道性摘要,报道性摘要一般不超过400字为宜。 指示性摘要即概要性摘要或简介性提要,它只简要地介绍论文的论题,或者概括阐述论文的目的、主要内容及取得的进展,使读者对论文的主要内容有一个概括的了解,综述性论文应撰写指标性摘要,指示性摘要一般以200字左右为宜。 报道指示性摘要 以报道性摘要的形式表述论文中价值最高的那部分内容,其余部分以指示性摘要的形式表达,资料性、评论性的论文一般撰写报道一指示性摘要。报道一指示性摘要以 相似文献
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如何提高本科毕业论文的质量,论文的论题得当与否至关重要,甚至决定着论文的成败。而从目前的现状来看,许多学生不重视论题的选择,也不知道如何进行论题选择,这是本科毕业论文质量普遍不高的关键原因之一。为此,在确定本科毕业论文论题时应注意论题宜贴近专业、论题宜贴近实务、论题宜贴近兴趣、论题不宜过于宽泛以及论题不宜过于求新。 相似文献
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对近几年论题为“学习型社会与图书馆”论文进行了论文统计、论文分类、论点归纳和分析，对当前研究成果做出较全面的论述，井且指出了该论题今后的研究趋势。 相似文献
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魏晋时期是中国哲学发展史上的重要阶段,这一时期占主要潮流的哲学形态是玄学。玄学具有完整的哲学体系,有无之辨、言意之辨、名教与自然之辨及才性之辨这四大主要论题共同建构了魏晋玄学的庞大体系和深厚的理论基础。目前对魏晋玄学的四大论题系统的研究尚且存在不足,从四大论题分别加以论述,使魏晋玄学以完整的体系出现。 相似文献
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近15年国内科研论文摘要研究透视 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了了解和掌握国内科研论文摘要研究概貌,用文献法对近15年(1994-2008年)刊登在国内13种编辑出版类和外语类核心期刊中有关摘要研究的文章进行了检索统计,结果显示：摘要研究总体呈上升趋势;研究方法以非材料性研究为主、实证性研究为辅;研究内容主要从“标准”和“规范”的角度探讨中文摘要,从文体、语篇和语用视角探讨英文摘要。英文摘要的研究涵盖语义、语法、语用和语篇四个层面,辐射编辑学、语言学、医学等多种学科。针对研究方法、研究内容和研究范围等方面存在的问题,提出了建议。 相似文献
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结构式摘要应用研究的最新进展 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
刘雪立 《中国科技期刊研究》1999,10(3):185-186
结构式摘要（structured
abstract）建立11年来,各国学者进行了广泛而深入的研究。对近年来有关结构式摘要的研究进行总结,主要包括结构式摘要应用的学科领域,结构式摘要的分类及结构式摘要的应用评价,为今后的结构式摘要研究提供值得参考和借鉴的方法。 相似文献
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对2003年以来图书馆员素质问题研究的论文进行了论文统计、论文分类、论点归纳和分析,对近期的研究现状作出较系统全面的论述,就这一论题的研究指出了存在的问题。 相似文献
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本文讨论了开展主题班会的必要性和紧迫性,指出应该重视主题班会的选题,选择合理有效的班会组织形式,有针对性地开展主题班会,并通过多种方式巩固班会成果,使主题班会能够在学生的成长成才过程中起到更好的作用,提高学生的思想政治水平。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(5):103043
The addresses of national leaders can affect their public support and spur changes in the country's economy. To date, very few studies exist establishing these relationships, and no research has been done on the addresses from Vladimir Putin. In this paper we fill this knowledge gap by analysing the nationwide phone-ins of Putin, a special annual format where he addresses the public, and using structural topic modelling studying their topics over time. Furthermore, we relate these topics to public approval of the president and the government as well as to some Russian macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and budget expenditures. Based on our data containing 1938 responses and almost 250 thousand words, we identify 16 main topics covering areas from healthcare and education through economics to elections and legislation. We find that the topic of foreign affairs has gained in popularity over time the most (from around 4.5% at the beginning to more than 10% starting from 2014). Another topic, consistently gaining weight in the president's statements, is related to solving particular problems of the general public (from 8% to 12.5%) and is significantly correlated with subsequent decrease in the country's unemployment (Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.502). We also find that when the government's support is decreasing, Putin tends to discuss more socially significant topics (e.g., inflation, healthcare, Pearson's coef. around -0.5), while when the support is rising, he speaks more about foreign affairs (Pearson's coef. 0.773). Our study provides first evidence that Vladimir Putin may adapt the content of his phone-in meetings to gather public support and influence the country's economy. 相似文献
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本文针对国际联机检索系统中的文献型数据库,从文献逻辑检索的基本原理出发,以DIALOG系统为参照,总结推导出检索课题规范性分析法则及在此基础上的检索策略优化模型——AB模型。同时,还给出了本模型在操作执行过程中的组配机制。利用本模型对检索课题进行分析检索,可以提高检索效率/费用比及检索一致性,避免由于检索者自身检索素质的差异给检索结果带来的消极影响。 相似文献
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The rise in the amount of textual resources available on the Internet has created the need for tools of automatic document summarization. The main challenges of query-oriented extractive summarization are (1) to identify the topics of the documents and (2) to recover query-relevant sentences of the documents that together cover these topics. Existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers use graph-based ranking algorithms to produce individual scores of relevance for the sentences. Hence, these systems fail to measure the topics jointly covered by the sentences forming the summary, which tends to produce redundant summaries. To address the issue of selecting non-redundant sentences jointly covering the main query-relevant topics of a corpus, we propose a new method using the powerful theory of hypergraph transversals. First, we introduce a new topic model based on the semantic clustering of terms in order to discover the topics present in a corpus. Second, these topics are modeled as the hyperedges of a hypergraph in which the nodes are the sentences. A summary is then produced by generating a transversal of nodes in the hypergraph. Algorithms based on the theory of submodular functions are proposed to generate the transversals and to build the summaries. The proposed summarizer outperforms existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers by at least 6% of ROUGE-SU4 F-measure on DUC 2007 dataset. It is moreover cheaper than existing hypergraph-based summarizers in terms of computational time complexity. 相似文献
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通过系统的、定量的文献综述方法,采用描述性统计、引用分析和共词分析等计量手段,对263篇后发企业追赶文献进行全面综述,首先展示了论文发表的趋势、主要期刊群、主要组织与国家、主要作者及引用率最高的文章,并做简要分析以期给出后发企业追赶研究的全景图。而后通过引文分析,重点梳理了研究发展脉络以及讨论了后发企业追赶文献在技术创新、战略管理,以及国际商务等领域进行寻找理论基础的努力。接着,通过共词分析讨论了现存文献的研究热点和不足以及未来的研究方向。最后从聚焦于创新追赶与聚焦于转型经济背景两个角度对转型经济背景下后发企业创新追赶研究进行了深入讨论。 相似文献
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A well-known challenge for multi-document summarization (MDS) is that a single best or “gold standard” summary does not exist, i.e. it is often difficult to secure a consensus among reference summaries written by different authors. It therefore motivates us to study what the “important information” is in multiple input documents that will guide different authors in writing a summary. In this paper, we propose the notions of macro- and micro-level information. Macro-level information refers to the salient topics shared among different input documents, while micro-level information consists of different sentences that act as elaborating or provide complementary details for those salient topics. Experimental studies were conducted to examine the influence of macro- and micro-level information on summarization and its evaluation. Results showed that human subjects highly relied on macro-level information when writing a summary. The length allowed for summaries is the leading factor that affects the summary agreement. Meanwhile, our summarization evaluation approach based on the proposed macro- and micro-structure information also suggested that micro-level information offered complementary details for macro-level information. We believe that both levels of information form the “important information” which affects the modeling and evaluation of automatic summarization systems. 相似文献
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青藏高原东部(川西)生态脆弱带恢复与重建研究进展 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
简要介绍了恢复生态学的研究进展和青藏高原东部川西地区农牧生态脆弱带的生态环境概况;将该区生态脆弱带划分为4个类型,包括林草交错带、农牧交错带、农林交错带和小流域农林牧交错带;总结了川西农牧生态系统恢复生态学的研究成果,并在此基础上提出了该区存在的关键问题和进一步需要研究的主要内容;最后,对川西农牧交错带的农牧业生产力恢复与重建对策进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Aurora Pons-Porrata Rafael Berlanga-Llavori José Ruiz-Shulcloper 《Information processing & management》2007
In this paper, we present a topic discovery system aimed to reveal the implicit knowledge present in news streams. This knowledge is expressed as a hierarchy of topic/subtopics, where each topic contains the set of documents that are related to it and a summary extracted from these documents. Summaries so built are useful to browse and select topics of interest from the generated hierarchies. Our proposal consists of a new incremental hierarchical clustering algorithm, which combines both partitional and agglomerative approaches, taking the main benefits from them. Finally, a new summarization method based on Testor Theory has been proposed to build the topic summaries. Experimental results in the TDT2 collection demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness not only as a topic detection system, but also as a classification and summarization tool. 相似文献
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Ashby wrote about cybernetics, during which discourse he described a Law that attempts to resolve difficulties arising in complex situations – he suggested using variety to combat complexity. In this paper, we note that the delegates to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting in Kyoto, 1997, were offered a ‘simplifying solution’ to cope with the complexity of discussing multiple pollutants allegedly contributing to ‘climate change’. We assert that the adoption of CO2eq has resulted in imprecise thinking regarding the ‘carbon footprint’ – that is, ‘CO2’ – to the exclusion of other pollutants. We propose, as Ashby might have done, that the CO2eq and other factors within the ‘climate change’ negotiations be disaggregated to allow careful and specific individual solutions to be agreed on each factor. We propose a new permanent and transparent ‘action group’ be in charge of agenda setting and to manage the messy annual meetings. This body would be responsible for achieving accords at these annual meetings, rather than forcing this task on national hosts. We acknowledge the task is daunting and we recommend moving on from Ashby's Law to Beer's Viable Systems approach. 相似文献
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Summarisation is traditionally used to produce summaries of the textual contents of documents. In this paper, it is argued that summarisation methods can also be applied to the logical structure of XML documents. Structure summarisation selects the most important elements of the logical structure and ensures that the user’s attention is focused towards sections, subsections, etc. that are believed to be of particular interest. Structure summaries are shown to users as hierarchical tables of contents. This paper discusses methods for structure summarisation that use various features of XML elements in order to select document portions that a user’s attention should be focused to. An evaluation methodology for structure summarisation is also introduced and summarisation results using various summariser versions are presented and compared to one another. We show that data sets used in information retrieval evaluation can be used effectively in order to produce high quality (query independent) structure summaries. We also discuss the choice and effectiveness of particular summariser features with respect to several evaluation measures. 相似文献