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1.
Alice Baroni 《Journalism Practice》2015,9(4):597-613
Photographers from community and mainstream media organisations bring the everyday of favela communities to the attention of Rio de Janeiro's society from different perspectives. While mainstream photojournalists mainly report on favelas from outside to inside, denouncing wrongdoings and human rights abuses, community photographers do it from the opposite direction, from inside to outside, presenting images of the everyday life of favela communities. This paper takes an ethnographic and discursive approach to comparing these two categories of photographers to ask how their different practices can yield benefits for the people living in marginalised communities. Furthermore, by adapting Foucault and Bourdieu's theories, this study examines photographers’ habitus so as to determine how cultural capital and economic capital that they possess shape their subjectivity and, as such, the fields of community and mainstream photojournalism. This study has no intention of creating polarised distinctions between community and mainstream photojournalism. Instead, the research aims, through the investigation of the working practices, identities, and discourses of photographers from community and mainstream media organisations, to identify the activities and limitations of both community and mainstream in order to build an understanding about how the media ecology works best within both. 相似文献
2.
Kyser Lough 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(2):247-262
This study examines how gatekeeping aspects of photography, particularly embodied gatekeeping, interact with a subset of photojournalism that faces numerous barriers to access—music photography. Through in-depth interviews with concert photographers in a large metropolitan city, this study expands upon what is known about gatekeeping when it comes to visual media. While much has been studied on photojournalists as a whole, little is known about particular subgroups, such as music photographers. As a part of lifestyle journalism, concert photography contributes to the interaction of popular culture and society, showing us visual evidence of the spectacle of musical performance. Gatekeeping practices are found not only in the managers who issue credentials for access and control where photographers can shoot from but also in the community of photographers themselves. This is extended into embodied gatekeeping in how they jostle for access to space in the pit and enforce the rules with their bodies, such as physically pushing a camera out of the way. 相似文献
3.
Louise Grayson 《Journalism Practice》2014,8(5):632-645
The news media industry has changed dramatically into a global business with ever-increasing attention being devoted to entertainment and celebrity across the last 10–20 years. There has also been a growing reliance on images produced by citizens (citizen photojournalism), by media outlets and publishers. It is widely acknowledged that in tandem these changes have shrunk publication opportunities for professional photographers undertaking editorial projects. As a result, photographers are increasingly relying on non-government organisations (NGOs) to gain access to photographing issues and events in developing countries and to expand their economic and portfolio opportunities. This increase in photographers working for and alongside NGOs has given rise to a new genre of editorial photography which I call NGO Reportage. By way of a case study, an exploration of this new genre reveals important issues for photographers working with NGOs and examines the constructed narratives of images contained within these emerging practices. 相似文献
4.
Gabriel B. Tait 《Visual Communication Quarterly》2017,24(4):230-242
In a changing technological ecosystem where photojournalists are attempting to reach larger audiences, they are forced to serve multiple masters and social media platforms. The tools and terminologies that these visual storytellers and communicators are using are also changing, which forces many of them to grapple with their roles and how best to contribute their craft within a market that is drastically different than two decades ago. This study asked 104 photojournalism practitioners, academicians, and administrators to define and explain the term “Really Social Photojournalism” and if it might rise past the level of jargon in a changing vocation? The findings reveal there are many complexities with this new term. But there are also opportunities for RSP to evolve in the photojournalism ecosystems with the appropriate support of its various stakeholders. 相似文献
5.
本文通过归纳目前新闻摄影实践面临的多方面的挑战,来分析数字化对新闻摄影的冲击。专业的摄影记者受到其他拍摄者和各种影像记录装置的挑战;媒体专职图片编辑的传统地位受到挑战;报刊等传统平面媒体面临网络传播与移动传播的挑战;通讯社、图片社和商业图片库面临“博客”、“播客”及“个人网站”的挑战;网络媒体面临传统媒体与自身的双重挑战;新闻摄影比赛评选也正遭遇“假新闻摄影”等新的挑战。 相似文献
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新闻业在数字转型过程中不断更迭自我定位,新闻摄影亦于其中寻求自身突破,其专业和规范都在变革之中发展完善。透过荷赛数字叙事类竞赛所建构的专业话语可观察到,内容形态的跨媒介表达和团队职能的多重分工是评审端和表达端站在各自功能主义立场对"数字叙事"这一概念作出的解读;清晰而有节奏感的故事脉络与各类媒介元素的有机结合已构成优秀数字叙事作品的必要条件;技术、创意与成本投入等方面的剧变并不能掩盖视觉故事与静态影像的恒久价值。 相似文献
8.
Tara M. Mortensen Brian P. McDermott Khadija Ejaz Daniel D. Haun 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(5):576-591
This study is the first to inquire about the factors that influence people’s willingness to allow professional photojournalists to tell their stories through the medium of the photo essay. Guided by Self-Disclosure Theory, in-depth interviews were conducted with the subjects of 15 peer-judged award-winning photo essays. These were drawn from the multiple picture categories of the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) Monthly Clip Contest, the annual NPPA Best of Photojournalism Contest, and the annual World Press Photo Contest between 2013 and 2017. The topics of the photo essays were sensitive in nature. Analysis reveals support and appreciation amongst photo-essay subjects for the profession of photojournalism. Motivations derived from the sensitivity and professionalism with which each interviewee was initially approached, a need to tell a different side of the story, a desire to inspire others or invoke change, and the memory-keeping and permanence afforded through published professional photojournalism. 相似文献
9.
Helen Shenton 《New Review of Academic Librarianship》2013,19(1):163-177
What are the core competencies that a national library needs to address the preservation of digital material? What skills are needed, by whom, when, to do what? Are the skills available externally, or is it better to develop people within the library? How are preservation philosophies and IT philosophies attuned? How is the preservation of digital material managed in a matrical and distributed way within a large organisation? 相似文献
10.
Beyond Framing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Visual news media's framing has been well studied; however, production factors and cultural conditions involved in photographer–subject interactions have attracted less scholarly attention although they are no less influential in determining the depiction. Guided by social constructionism theory, in-depth interviews with staff photojournalists at a daily community newspaper in the Midwest and an analysis of their work revealed 22 variables that impact how and why images look the way they do. Photojournalists have complete control of only two of these variables, share partial control of 13, but have no control over the remaining seven. The photographers also shared insights into how to improve their journalism's verisimilitude when dealing with reactive subjects. The results support concepts of social constructionism that the subjects of photographs are most comfortable with photographers who share similar characteristics, but that some characteristics can have greater influence. The results also highlight areas where photographers might focus in pursuit of authenticity in journalistic photographs. 相似文献
11.
While business models and technological innovations continue to disrupt journalistic practice, global image culture has never been stronger. Developed society is inundated daily with a torrent of images. Yet some of these are barely seen, while others almost instantly accrue scores of likes, shares, and comments. What, then, are the factors that constitute engaging, social photojournalism? Using Q methodology, which bridges qualitative and quantitative approaches, 30 participants ranked photos published on Instagram by news organizations or photographers and shared insight through interviews on what factors affect their engagement. In this way, the users' and the images' characteristics were both studied to shed light on why certain photos accrue more engagement and why certain types of people “like” certain types of content. The findings identify three types of users—feature lovers, newshounds, and optimists—and describe their motivations for interacting on the platform. Insights on how the number of people in the frame, the visibility of facial features, the presence of watermarks, and the post type affect user engagement were also gathered and discussed. 相似文献
12.
Anna Maria Tammaro 《International Information and Library Review》2017,49(4):290-296
In Europe, the competency-based system of lifelong learning has been adopted with the objectives of improving professional competencies and promoting professionals' mobility. European coordination is carried out through international programs, guidelines, and frameworks. The benefit for digital heritage professionals is to have the responsibility for their continuous professional development and recognition of their competencies. However, some issues are highlighted: How to recognize new profiles using national and static competencies lists? Who needs to evaluate individual competencies? How can we adopt internationally the competencies of digital heritage profiles? 相似文献
13.
SONIA LIVINGSTONE 《The Communication Review》2013,16(1):3-14
Within both academic and policy discourses, the concept of media literacy is being extended from its traditional focus on print and audiovisual media to encompass the internet and other new media. The present article addresses three central questions currently facing the public, policy-makers and academy: What is media literacy? How is it changing? And what are the uses of literacy? The article begins with a definition: media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create messages across a variety of contexts. This four-component model is then examined for its applicability to the internet. Having advocated this skills-based approach to media literacy in relation to the internet, the article identifies some outstanding issues for new media literacy crucial to any policy of promoting media literacy among the population. The outcome is to extend our understanding of media literacy so as to encompass the historically and culturally conditioned relationship among three processes: (i) the symbolic and material representation of knowledge, culture and values; (ii) the diffusion of interpretative skills and abilities across a (stratified) population; and (iii) the institutional, especially, the state management of the power that access to and skilled use of knowledge brings to those who are ‘literate’. 相似文献
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As new media technologies and platforms emerge and take hold in our society, traditional publishers are wondering: What’s in this new content climate for me? The simple answer is: a lot. The digital world, mobile content delivery mechanisms and the public’s increasing comfort—even preference for—a media menu from which they can pick and choose what they want and how they want to receive it, brings exciting and potentially lucrative opportunities. For publishers who understand how to leverage their brand and create authentic, identifiable value in the eyes of the customer, risk can be reduced and new revenue streams built. Here are four best practices to position your publishing company for growth. 相似文献
16.
Cristina Mussinelli 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2002,17(4):32-46
Conclusion: What is the future for Digital Publishing? It is very difficult to understand the real value of all the different business models that have been introduced to the market
in this very chaotic and evolving arena. The recent disillusions with the Internet and the “new economy” downturn have also
made the publishing industry very cautious of investing in new business ventures. Many new projects have been suspended or
postponed because they were based only on estimated or assumed online revenues. Meanwhile, very real operating expenses far
exceeded original estimates or start-up budgets while sources of revenues remained elusive.
On a more positive note, inside all the major publishing houses there is a stronger knowledge of the importance of creating
a digital content database. Traditional publishers are learning that their intellectual property and editorial content can
be used for many different products and delivered in many different media. Probably in the next months one of the big strategic
issues will be the integration between the traditional print on paper products as the viable revenue model with all the other
digital media in development. Finally, the questions remains how the market will accept as well as pay for content in different
digital formats? 相似文献
17.
Emily A. Ehmer 《Visual Communication Quarterly》2017,24(3):149-161
After a protest against Burma's military government exploded into bloody violence on August 8, 1988, some political dissidents applied for refugee status through the United Nations. Since 1990, nearly 6,000 members of Myanmar's ethnic groups settled in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The project's overarching question asks: How have photojournalists covered the lives of the Burmese? An archive of photographs published from 1992 through 2012 by Fort Wayne's The Journal Gazette was used for this qualitative analysis. Three major themes emerged: refugees as “freedom fighters,” Aung San Suu Kyi as “superhero,” and Burmese as helpless victims lacking agency. With mounting tensions concerning refugees arriving into Europe, this examination is important because media images may play a role in welcoming and integrating refugees into new communities. 相似文献
18.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(4):454-475
What are the current working conditions and future prospects of Latino journalists working for any type of news media outlet? This question has not been addressed in any national study since Federico Subervi's 2004 research on behalf of the National Association of Hispanic Journalists. This paper revisits the same subject matter seven years after (2011) the original work was produced, updating the figures and expanding the study by incorporating Latino journalists working for ethnic media, as well as those working for general market media. The results indicate that the dominant “motivation” factors present in 2011 that influenced US Latino journalists' job attitudes were work itself, advancement, and growth. The leading “hygiene” factors that influenced US Latino journalists' job attitudes were salary and relations with peers. Survey respondents agreed that opportunities to obtain professional training would significantly increase the likelihood of keeping their job and their preference for a training topic was digital/multimedia reporting. Journalists suggested three elements to assure a better coverage of the Latino community—a Hispanic/Latino supervisor, an educated supervisor, and media owned by Hispanic/Latino person/family. Additionally, news staff feel underpaid and dissatisfied with promotion opportunities as well as opportunities to increase their salary. They have felt job discrimination based on race. 相似文献
19.
Louise Grayson 《Journalism Practice》2015,9(4):568-579
In recent years there has been an explosion of citizen-produced content appearing in mainstream media outlets. Terms such as convergent journalism, citizen journalism and user-generated journalism are all widely used in an attempt to define this growing phenomenon. This paper explores the specific genre of citizen photojournalism (CPJ). It is argued this is a definitive genre of its own and has important implications for audience perceptions due to the narrative or “storytelling” role of the visual mage. An “action genre” approach is used to examine how this new photographic genre has been enabled within current technological, cultural, political and economic environments That is to say, that photographic production processes, undertaken by amateur photographers are examined to identify patterns of activity that comprise the genre of CPJ. Through a review of existing literature on how citizens work in the field, and the way the resulting photographs are used in mainstream media, I offer a conceptual structure to delineate recognisable patterns of activity that comprise the genre of CPJ. The strength of this approach is that it allows me to describe CPJ in a way that reveals how external factors and the practice of citizens taking photojournalistic images impact upon the final product published in influential publications including popular press, books, magazines and internet publications. 相似文献
20.
数字时代的新闻摄影深陷信任危机,目前对新闻摄影真实性的论述往往从职业道德和规范建立的角度出发展开研讨。本文使用内容分析的研究方法,对“我们:数码相机记录的影像生活”摄影比赛94名大学生的摄影作品进行统计分析,通过研究数字时代视觉表征的变化,分析新闻摄影在数字时代面临的新的视觉文化环境。 相似文献