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1.
针对陆地表层地理空间数据的集成共享问题,提出从数据分类、数据编码到数据格网化编码的解决方案。
从我国国情出发,以中国国家地理格网为基础,分析其空间数据的组织与编码体系,并针对国家科技基础条件平台—
地球系统科学数据共享平台中的陆地表层数据,提出结合数据分类的数据属性编码,进而建立能够与国家地理格网相
衔接的地理空间数据格网化编码应用方案。以地理空间数据的点、面实体数据为例,证实了该编码的应用可行性。预
期该编码方案能够在科学数据资源管理、数据检索访问、数据资源集成、数据资源格网化处理、数据资源空间分析、 相似文献
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科学数据的质量越高,就意味着人们可以更快获得更准确的结论,社会更容易从中获益。要改进科学数据的质量,必须清楚地了解科学数据的性质及其产生过程。本文以科学决策过程为背景,提出了数据产品和数据质量的定义,其中假设了两种典型的情景 ：收集观测数据及进行以文献为基础的研究。然后分析了与全面质量管理 (TQM) 理念相关的两个延伸学科——全面信息质量管理 (TIQM) 和全面数据质量管理 (TDQM),据此以确定科学数据质量的管理是否有别于其他数据和信息的管理。本文提出了规划、评估/保障、控制和持续改进的建议,重点 相似文献
3.
数据挖掘技术在图书馆用户管理中的应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
介绍数据挖掘技术的概况以及其在图书馆用户管理中的应用;以哈尔滨工业大学图书馆自动化系统中的用户管理为例,运用决策树的方法对整个读者流通数据库进行挖掘,并对挖掘出来的结果及其含义进行评价,从而为图书馆用户管理、信息资源采集提供一种科学决策的有效方法。 相似文献
4.
Nicole Ningning Kong 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(2):207-225
Due to the exponential growth of spatial information, effective management and curation of geospatial data has become a central concern for GIS libraries. Although geospatial data are often generated based on a set of well-established standards and protocols, best management practices in geospatial data services are still limited. In this paper, the authors review the common challenges of geospatial data management and curation, which include the application of big data, the emergence of Web GIS, and the advancement of cyberinfrastructures. A spatial education project is used as an example to discuss potential best management practices to address these challenges. It is demonstrated that librarians need to be involved at the early stage of a research project and work closely with researchers at all stages of the data life cycle for effective data management. With early involvement of a GIS librarian in the full project development process, all three challenges can be addressed by using best management practices in organizing, managing, publishing, distributing, and preserving the geospatial data. 相似文献
5.
[目的/意义]从政府数据开放网站的角度出发,归纳总结元数据标准,以期为制定我国政府开放数据的元数据标准提供有益的参考。[方法/过程]依据科学的评价报告,以Data.gov.uk为研究对象,对网站信息进行调查,查阅相关政府文献,从文件结构、元素组成及规则等方面总结元数据标准的特点。[结果/结论]调查发现：Data.gov.uk具有两种类型的元数据,即面向网站数据资源的CKAN格式记录和针对地理空间数据的GEMINI地理空间元数据标准。对我国而言,制定政府开放数据共享的元数据标准,需要事先分析和比较各类型政府数据的描述需求、考虑新系统与现有系统的衔接问题,建立网站需求分析报告,按需选择国际标准作为范本。 相似文献
6.
数据仓库和图书馆决策支持系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
图书馆管理者希望能够直接从日常的处理数据中找出为图书馆的决策支持提供帮助的信息,然而,现有的信息管理系统却难以实现数据到信息的转换。如何从数据中获取信息,目前图书馆界尚无成功事例,但欧洲和北美已开始着手这方面的研究并且已有具体的实施项目。本文结合美国佛罗里达大学在图书馆决策支持系统(LDSS)项目上已取得的成果,分析数据仓库在图书馆的具体实现。 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):105-135
Abstract Internet access and use of georeferenced public health information for GIS application will be an important and exciting development for the nation's Department of Health and Human Services and other health agencies in this new millennium. Technological progress towards public health geospatial data integration, analysis, and visualization of space-time events using the Web portends eventual robust use of GIS by public health and other sectors of the economy. Increasing Web resources from distributed spatial data portals and global geospatial libraries, and a growing suite of Web integration tools, will provide new opportunities to advance disease surveillance, control and prevention, and insure public access and community empowerment in public health decision making. Emerging supercomputing, data mining, and compression and transmission technologies will play increasingly critical roles in national emergency, catastrophic planning and response, and risk management. Web-enabled public health GIS will be guided by Federal Geographic Data Committee spatial metadata, OpenGIS Web interoperability, and GML/XML geospatial Web content standards. Public health will become a responsive and integral part of rhe National Spatial Data Infrastructure. 相似文献
8.
数据采掘与信息资源的开发利用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
陈敏 《现代图书情报技术》2001,17(2):27-29
数据采掘是近年来迅速发展起来的一种开发信息资源的数据处理新技术。数据采掘可用于挖掘图书馆数据库或数据仓库中有用的信息和知识, 把数据仓库、OLAP、数据采掘、模型库结合起来, 可以构造出更高形式的图书馆决策支持系统。本文阐述了数据采掘的定义、特点、类型、功能、发现的知识类型及其发展趋势, 介绍了数据采掘的工具, 探讨了数据采掘的各种方法以及数据采掘与知识发现的关系等问题。 相似文献
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10.
M. M. Yagoub 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2017,13(3):300-319
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data are crucial for many applications such as disaster response, damage assessment, and recovery efforts. The 2010 Haiti earthquake destroyed buildings where GIS data were stored and many of the relief organizations ultimately depended on data retrieved from outside the country to do their work. The lesson learnt from this experience is that open access data is necessary in assisting tasks in such situations and therefore the evaluation of such data for its quality is important. This research evaluates OpenStreetMap (OSM) data that can be and is used by various organizations. The methodology followed is based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geographic Information-Quality Principles (ISO19113). According to the ISO19113 standard, the data quality elements are: completeness, logical consistency, positional accuracy, thematic accuracy, and temporal accuracy. The first four elements noted above were tested in this study. OSM data was compared with official data from Abu Dhabi city. Results show that the positional accuracy of OSM data meets the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) standards for 1:20,000-scale maps. This indicates that OSM data could be used for many applications, taking into account the hurdles in GIS data acquisition, cost, availability, licensing, distribution policies, and documentation. The article concludes with a call for incorporation of geospatial data services and data quality initiatives in libraries. 相似文献
11.
开源技术在近年得到了极大的发展,地理空间开源软件也被广泛应用。针对地球科学数据中心的特点,介绍开源软件许可及可用于地球科学数据中心的四大类开源地理空间软件：服务器端应用、空间数据库、元数据应用和客户端应用,提出利用开源地理空间软件构建地球科学数据中心共享门户系统,并以中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心为实例介绍了如何利用开源地理空间软件构建空间数据共享门户。 相似文献
12.
[目的/意义] 在全球"开放数据"理念日渐流行的背景下,为满足校内科研团队的迫切需求,北京大学图书馆联合校内单位创建并推出北京大学开放研究数据平台。[方法/过程] 调研北京大学学者对数据管理服务平台的需求,提出平台的综合定位,并从合作机制、系统选型、元数据方案、唯一标识符方案、本地化功能开发、应用效果方面介绍平台建设内容和应用效果。[结果/结论] 北京大学开放研究数据平台的构建,将促进研究数据的开放共享和出版,带动数据的广泛重用和规范引用,促进跨学科的协同创新。 相似文献
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Maria C. Porcal-Gonzalo 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(3):289-329
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the fact that the proper management of information has to include concern for its preservation and future re-use. This ambition is particularly significant for geospatial data. The primary aim of this article is to define the European and Spanish frameworks for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information, with the ultimate goal of proposing an articulated, lifecycle-based data management model. With this, the intent is to shed some light on a complex, difficult and ever-evolving subject.The article is divided into two main parts. The first part begins with a conceptual justification for geospatial data management and continues by synthesizing the current normative and technological framework for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information. Within this context, the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) in Spain is evaluated. The second part begins with a case study from Spain that aims to identify different agents and flows that influence the lifecycle of geographical data, as well as the strengths and weaknesses found in each stage of the process under examination. Finally, the foregoing ideas are used in order to propose a SDI-related system for the management of geographical information. 相似文献
15.
As a growing number of disciplines adopt geospatial technologies in their research, the need for access to geospatial data, in a variety of formats, has grown dramatically. For librarians to meet this demand, we also need to provide preservation, curation, metadata, and discovery services. GeoHydra, our open source toolkit and set of practices, provides these services for Stanford's libraries. We incorporate a variety of geospatial content types from raster imagery to scientific vector data to georeferenced scanned maps, and provide a data model for repositories. We demonstrate the potential of a new architecture and practice for librarianship for geospatial data using the Hydra framework. The digitization and georeferencing of historic map collections, streamlining the acquisition and cataloging of vendor-supplied data, shared cataloging of geographic resources, and citation of geospatial research data are all examples of use cases that GeoHydra serves. Our metadata creation and management strategies implement the ISO (International Standards Organization) suite of geographic standards, and a specialized metadata schema for discovery. We developed XSLT transformations, auto-generation of core elements, unique URIs for place names, and cross-institutional data sharing. With these metadata we built a novel geoportal, EarthWorks, to provide end-user discovery for geospatial data layers using GeoBlacklight technology. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(2):5-20
Abstract Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as part of the academic library is central on the campus and succeeds with collaboration—in the library, across campus, in the community and region, throughout the state, and at the national level. The integrated components of GIS—hardware, software, data, people, and methods—provide a framework for collaboration. Initiated in 2001, the Geographic Information Systems & Maps Program at the University of Arkansas (UA) Libraries resulted from and developed through collaborative opportunities. The program, which is primarily web based, incorporates locally developed yet nationally recognized resources including Starting the Hunt—a guide to geospatial data on the Web—and GeoStor—a statewide, comprehensive and seamless geospatial data warehouse and delivery system. A model incorporating spheres of collaboration describes the nature and benefits of collaboration at the five different levels, as experienced in the UA Libraries. The model can guide other libraries proactively seeking opportunities of collaboration, in order to develop resources and services for a successful GIS program. 相似文献
17.
The complexity and size of geospatial data can constrain the capabilities of service providers and create risks to the long-term preservation and archiving of valuable information assets. While services-oriented architectures such as the Earth Data Analysis Center's Geographic Storage, Transformation and Retrieval Engine (GSToRE) facilitate increased use and impact of geospatial data by mitigating these complexities by development of dynamic applications and interfaces, such services can often be primarily focused on the maintenance and delivery of only the most current versions of geospatial data that may nonetheless possess significant historical, cultural, or scientific value. Actions and documentation required to assure long-term preservation may not be supported by existing business models or may be otherwise compromised. However, general purpose archives offer a preservation capability that is complementary to the value created by dynamic service providers. We present an overview of the features of GSToRE, and the DSpace repository platform and describe the requirements of a methodology for the harvest, quality assurance, and ingest of geospatial data into an institutional repository as a complement to the dynamic data access and visualization services provided by GSToRE and systems like it. 相似文献
18.
Pilár Chias 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(2):245-265
The INSPIRE Directive established an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE), aiming to enable the interoperability and harmonization of spatial data sets and services across Europe. There are two main data specifications inside INSPIRE that might concern cultural heritage data: the Data Specification on Protected Sites, and the Data Specification on Area Management/Restriction/Regulation Zones and Reporting Units. These data specifications include the technical documentation of the application schema that defines the content and structure of the data required by one or more applications. Cultural heritage also overlaps the Data Specification on Buildings, for architectural heritage is to be taken as constructed buildings under that data specification. Nonetheless, many heritage features do not fit within the definition of a building. The Cultural Heritage Application Schema developed by IDEE (Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales) [Spatial Data Infrastructures] Working Group suggests the inclusion of cultural heritage protected areas as a special kind of protected site, and develops a minimal schema to include information about the real world protected entity. This approach involves some difficulties. As a case study we propose the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial and the surrounding Royal Estates. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]以美国开放政府数据网站Data.gov中的元数据标准为例,分析其元数据体系及具体标准,以期为我国开放政府数据元数据标准的构建提供参考。[方法/过程]采用实例分析的方法,归纳总结美国开放政府数据元数据标准的体系结构。[结果/结论]美国开放政府数据元数据标准分为数据集内容与数据集格式描述元数据标准,并针对原始数据集与地理空间数据集采用不同标准描述;并指出我国在构建自身开放政府数据元数据标准时可借鉴Data.gov中的元数据标准体系。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 分析和评估国家图书馆发布的关联数据集,以了解典型国家级资源的数据质量状况,为其他图书馆的数据发布和应用集成提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 在现有质量评估指标体系的基础上构建针对关联书目数据的质量评估框架和指标,通过人工调研和自动统计、分析方法对关联数据集的RDF词汇、URI有效性等7个指标进行统计和分析。[结果/结论] 5个国家图书馆发布的图书关联数据集在RDF词汇、著录项描述、信息关联等3方面显示出较为明显的一致性,在语法检测及URI的有效性检测等方面显示出国家图书馆数据的高质量。 相似文献