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1.
This study examined how goal conflict influences the pattern of the moderating effects of intention stability on the intention-behavior relations in the context of physical activity participation. A longitudinal study of 136 young adult students with three waves of data collection (a 2-week interval between waves) was conducted. Results showed a significant three-way interaction among intention, goal conflict,& intention stability in explaining vigorous-intensity physical activity (Beta = -.25, p < .05). Consistent with our expectation, the pattern of the three-way interaction revealed that when the level of goal conflict was low, the intention-behavior relations were stronger with stable intentions and weaker with unstable intentions. However, when the level of goal conflict was high, the intention-behavior relations were weaker with stable intentions and stronger with unstable intentions. Possible underlying processes of goal conflict and intention stability on the intention-behavior relations are discussed. 相似文献
2.
We examined the hypothesis that congruence between motivational dominance and state results in optimal psychological responses and performance during exercise. Twenty participants (10 telic dominant and 10 paratelic dominant) rated their stress at 5 min intervals as they cycled on an ergometer at gas exchange threshold for 30 min in both telic and paratelic state manipulated conditions. Participants then performed a test to exhaustion at a resistance equivalent to 110% of VO(2max). The hypothesized interaction between condition and dominance was significant for internal tension stress, as paratelic dominants were more stressed than telic dominants when exercising in the telic state and telic dominants were more stressed than paratelic dominants when exercising in the paratelic state. Similarly, the condition × dominance interaction for internal stress discrepancy was significant, as paratelic dominants reported greater internal stress discrepancy exercising in the telic compared with the paratelic state. Findings are discussed in relation to the application of reversal theory for understanding stress responses during aerobic exercise. 相似文献
3.
We investigated the risk-taking behaviors of 302 men involved in high-risk sports (downhill skiing mountaineering rock climbing, paragliding, or skydiving). The sportsmen were classified using a typological approach to personality based on eight personality types, which were constructed from combinations of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Results showed that personality types with a configuration of low conscientiousness combined with high extraversion and/or high neuroticism (impulsive, hedonistic, insecure) were greater risk-takers. Conversely, personality types with a configuration of high conscientiousness combined with low extraversion and/or high extraversion (skeptic, brooder, entrepreneur) were lower risk-takers. Results are discussed in the context of typology and other approaches to understanding who takes risks in high-risk domains. 相似文献
4.
We investigated the risk-taking behaviors of 302 men involved in high-risk sports (downhill skiing, mountaineering, rock climbing, paragliding, or skydiving). The sportsmen were classified using a typological approach to personality based on eight personality types, which were constructed from combinations of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Results showed that personality types with a configuration of low conscientiousness combined with high extraversion and/or high neuroticism (impulsive, hedonistic, insecure) were greater risk-takers. Conversely, personality types with a configuration of high conscientiousness combined with low extraversion and/or high extraversion (skeptic, brooder, entrepreneur) were lower risk-takers. Results are discussed in the context of typology and other approaches to understanding who takes risks in high-risk domains. 相似文献
5.
The aim of this study was to compare the 'anaerobic threshold' (AnT) of subjects determined during a continuous 2-min incremental exercise test until exhaustion and the 'maximal lactate steady-state' (BLaSsmax) determined during prolonged exercise at constant loads corresponding to the subjects' AnT and/or 5-25% above and below it. Seventeen subjects performed an incremental exercise test and 1-5 prolonged exercise tests on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion at intervals of 1 week, and work rates, oxygen uptake (VO2) values and brachial venous blood lactate (BLa) levels were measured. It was proposed that when exercising at a constant workload below AnT, BLa would fall after having reached its peak; at the level of AnT, BLa reaches maximal steady-state (BLaSsmax); and above AnT, BLa increases continuously. Altogether, in 34 of 45 tests with a constant workload between 80 and 125% AnT, BLa values were as expected. In those cases in which BLaSsmax was reached, BLa increased on average by 3.8 mM from resting levels. This increase was 2.0 mM greater than that seen between resting levels and AnT during incremental exercise. There was no correlation between BLa values at BLaSsmax and at AnT, both when expressed as an increase in BLa (delta BLa) and absolute BLa concentration. Altogether, 81% of the variation in BLa concentration at BLaSsmax could be explained by the subjects' age, the percentage of slow-twitch fibres and BLa levels at rest. The AnT and BLaSsmax did not differ significantly, and these values were correlated (r = 0.83). Together, AnT and age accounted for 85% of the variation seen in BLaSsmax. The BLaSsmax did not correlate with AnT when fixed at a BLa concentration of 4 mM (AnT4mM). The three hypotheses tested in this study were confirmed, and the present results demonstrate that AnT correlates with BLaSsmax. The few exceptions to anticipated BLa kinetics were small in magnitude and could be explained by physiological variations. 相似文献
6.
Erdal Binboğa Serdar Tok Fatih Catikkas Senol Guven Senol Dane 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):982-988
Abstract We investigated the effect of verbal encouragement on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level of the triceps surae muscle group. Our secondary focus was to examine whether the effect of verbal encouragement on MVC level varies as a result of conscientiousness. While the participants performed plantar flexion, MVCs of the triceps surae muscle group were measured using rectified and smoothed surface electromyography (rsEMG) during the absence and presence of verbal encouragement. Participants completed questions from the Five Factor Personality Inventory concerning conscientiousness and were divided into high- and low-conscientiousness groups according to a median split. The sample included 30 female and 53 male elite athletes. In the entire cohort, there was no significant difference in MVCs with and without verbal encouragement. When the sample was partitioned by conscientiousness scores, verbal encouragement led to a significant increase in MVC in the low-conscientiousness group, whereas verbal encouragement led to a non-significant decrease in MVC in the high-conscientiousness group. Percentage change in MVC across experimental conditions was significantly different between the groups, with a 9.72% increase during verbal encouragement of the low-conscientiousness group, and a 2.47% decrease during verbal encouragement of the high-conscientiousness group. 相似文献
7.
Across various social cognitive theories, behavioral intention is broadly argued to be the most proximal and important predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998; Rogers, 1983). It seems probable that an intention to increase behavior might be differentially determined from an intention to maintain behavior. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine (1) the change in two types of behavioral intention over time and (2) the relationship between intention and the social-cognitive factor mental imagery. Behavioral intention, exercise imagery, and observed exercise behavior was measured in 68 exercise initiates participating in a 12-week exercise program. Results revealed that behavioral intention to increase exercise behavior decreased over the exercise program, whereas intentions to maintain exercise behavior increased. Appearance and technique imagery were found to be significant predictors of intention to increase behavior during the first 6 weeks of the program, and only appearance imagery predicted intention to maintain exercise behavior during the last 6 weeks. These findings suggest that the two types of behavioral intention are distinguishable and may be useful targets for exercise behavior interventions. 相似文献
8.
The current study aimed to test the validity of an extended theory of planned behavior model (TPB; Ajzen, 1991), incorporating additional self and social influences, for predicting adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants (N = 423) completed an initial questionnaire that assessed the standard TPB constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, as well as past behavior, self-identity, and the additional social influence variables of group norms, family social support, friends' social support, and social provisions. One week after completion of the main questionnaire, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed self-reported physical activity during the previous week. The standard TPB variable--past behavior, self-identity, and group norms, but not social support influences--predicted intentions, with intention, past behavior, and self-identity predicting behavior. Overall, the results provide support for an extended version of the TPB incorporating self-identity and those social influences linked explicitly to membership of a behaviorally relevant reference group. 相似文献
9.
《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):183-199
Elite sport provides an exciting and dynamic emotional experience for spectators. Social marketers using sport sponsorship to promote health messages are yet to consider the impact of the temporal emotional sporting context in which health messages are promoted. The authors provide a critical review of the evidence for the influence of emotion on behavior and seek to elucidate the implications for health sponsorship in sport. Articles were identified via electronic database searches and returned-article references, with thirty-three suitable articles included. Drawing on evidence from sport sponsorship, social marketing, advertising, and cause-related marketing, the review highlights few studies have investigated emotion, health communication, and behavior in a sport sponsorship context. The findings indicate that positive (e.g. happiness, compassion) and negative (e.g. fear, guilt) emotions influence intentions and behaviors with the interaction of message framing important when delivering social marketing messages. A conceptual model presents how emotions may influence behavioral health sponsorship outcomes and provides areas of future research to develop best policy and practice when delivering health sponsorship in a sporting context. 相似文献
10.
探讨服用牛蒡子提取物对大鼠作力竭运动时的抗疲劳作用。灌服牛蒡子提取物的大鼠分为训练服药组与安静对照组、大强度耐力训练组,进行对照比较,测试3个组在力竭运动时体重、运动能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化,研究结果表明:训练服药组的体重明显增加,运动能力显著提高,SOD活性明显提高。牛蒡子的提取物能够增强机体抗氧化能力,提高大鼠运动能力,牛蒡子在体能恢复方面有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
对安徽省普通高校学生体育锻炼态度的调查研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用《锻炼态度量表》对安徽省9所高校的900名学生进行调查以掌握其体育锻炼态度的特征。调查结果表明：安徽省普通高校学生体育锻炼态度总体测量得分一般,提示学生体育锻炼不是很积极;8个分量表均与性别、年龄的主效应有关,其中,行为态度维度、行为控制感维度、主观标准维度同性别与年龄的交互作用亦有关。测量数据可以用来进行教学评价,为教师教学提供参考。 相似文献
12.
影响运动治疗代谢综合征运动学因素的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对国内外运动治疗代谢综合征的理论及应用研究进行搜集、归纳、整理,并对其研究成果进行综合分析总结,得出以下结论：对代谢综合征患者进行运动治疗,运动强度应保持在40%~75%V02max,低强度运动时间为300~420min/周,中等强度运动时间为180~300min/周;每周宜运动5~7次,每次45~60min;运动方式可根据病人的喜好及现有的身体状况进行调整,应以有氧运动为主,辅以力量训练维持瘦体重。旨在为今后运动治疗代谢综合征提供理论依据和实践参考。 相似文献
13.
This study examines the validity of the SenseWear Armband in different temperatures using the old (SenseWear v2.2) and newest version of the algorithm (SenseWear v5.2) against indirect calorimetry (IC). Thirty-nine male and female students (21.1 ± 1.41 years) completed an exercise trial in 19°C, 26°C and 33°C consisting of 5 min standing followed by alternating walking/running at 35% and 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake. The accuracy of the algorithms was evaluated by comparing estimated energy expenditure (EE) to IC using a mixed-model design. No difference was reported in EE between the different temperatures for IC. Both algorithms estimated EE significantly higher when exercising at high intensity in 33°C compared to 19°C. Compared to IC, SenseWear v2.2 accurately estimated EE during standing and light intensity exercise but underestimated EE when exercising in a hot environment and at high intensity. SenseWear v5.2 showed a difference when exercising at high intensity in thermoneutral and warm conditions. The new algorithm improved EE estimation in hot environments and at high intensity compared to the old version. However, given the inherent inaccuracy of the EE estimates of SenseWear, greater weight should be given to direct monitor outputs rather than the ability of a monitor to estimate EE precisely. 相似文献
14.
This study was an initial attempt to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, behavioral intention, and actual behavior over time in a beginning weight training class. A total of 109 participants completed questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and intentions for future weight training. Their attendance and workout logs were calculated as a measure of actual behavior. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive relationships among all the variables during both program periods. Multiple regression analyses indicated that outcome expectancy initially played a more important role than self-efficacy in predicting behavioral intention and actual behavior. However, self-efficacy appeared more influential at midprogram. Findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the determining factors for individuals' motivated behaviors in college physical activity classes. 相似文献
15.
Hagger MS Chatzisarantis NL Barkoukis V Wang JC Hein V Pihu M Soós I Karsai I 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(1):2-20
The present study tested the cross-cultural generalizability of the measurement and structural parameters of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) among youth in a physical activity context. Pupils from five cultural groups completed measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions for physical activity. Five weeks later, participants completed self-report measures of physical activity behavior. Confirmatory factor analyses and multisample structural equation models revealed well-fitting models within each sample with minimal variations in the measurement parameters across cultures. There were a few significant cross-cultural differences in the structural relations among the TPB constructs. Attitudes predicted intentions in all samples (beta range = .300 to .550), whereas the effect of the subjective norms on intention was nonsignificant in all but the Hungarian sample (beta = .243). Conversely, the effect of PBC on intentions was significant (beta range = .302 to .573) in all but the Hungarian sample. Findings support the generalizability of the measures and pattern of effects for the TPB among young people in a physical activity context. 相似文献
16.
Wilson PM Rodgers WM Fraser SN Murray TC 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2004,75(1):81-91
The aim of this study was to examine propositions stemming from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) that contend motivational consequences vary as a function of different regulations in the exercise domain. Participants (N = 276; n = 98 men; n = 178 women) completed inventories assessing exercise regulations, current exercise behavior, and behavioral intentions to continue exercising for the next 4 months and the effort and importance associated with exercise participation. Bivariate analyses indicated autonomous exercise regulations (identified and intrinsic) were the strongest correlates of each motivational consequence across both sexes, and introjected regulation was positively associated with exercise consequences in women. Simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that exercise regulations accounted for a sizeable portion of the variance across each motivational consequence in both sexes (R2adj values ranged from .20 to .53). Both regression and structure coefficients revealed that introjected regulation was a stronger motivational force in women than men, and identified regulation was the most important predictor of all three motivational consequences in both sexes. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise regulations differentially predict motivational consequences across sexes, and future research using this theoretical framework for examining motivational issues pertinent to the exercise domain appears warranted. 相似文献
17.
探讨低强度激光照射结合有氧运动的人体减肥效果。将24名肥胖女大学生随机分为3个组,每组6人,即单纯运动组、单纯激光组、激光结合运动组。采用跑台上坡走(5°,4.5 km/h,30 min)方式进行运动,以810 nm半导体激光在神阙、天枢(双)、承扶和伏兔穴进行照射(1 592mW/cm2,每穴4 min)。各组减肥干预每周3次,共6周,试验前后检测体重、体重指数(BMI)、体脂百分比、腰围、大腿围、血清甘油三脂和总胆固醇。结果发现,各组的体重、BMI、体脂百分比、腰围和大腿围度试验后均显著下降,激光结合运动组和单纯激光组的血清总胆固醇也显著下降,在3个组中,激光结合运动组的体重、BMI、体脂百分比和腰围的降幅最大。结果表明,低强度激光照射结合有氧运动能够明显减少体脂、降低体重,其减肥效果显著优于单纯低强度激光照射和单纯有氧运动。 相似文献
18.
目的:应用运动心力监测仪和运动试验的方法检测女运动员的心力变化趋势(CCCT)和第一心音(S1)幅值,对比研究心前区不同位置,胸骨体中下部(T区)和心尖部(M区))心力信号的差异性和相关性,以确定女运动员心音传感器放置的较佳位置;为女运动员心脏机能评定和临床康复女病人心功能评定提供新的思路;方法:随机纳入受试者60人,分为女运动员组(FA组),普通女大学生组(FC组),男运动员组(MA组)及普通男大学生组(MC组)。受试者在功率自行车上做递增负荷实验直至疲劳,应用运动心力监测仪记录受试者在运动的每个阶段的S1幅值,通过对每个受试者在完成不同运动的过程中胸骨体中下部S1幅值和心尖部S1幅值的监测,分别比较在不同运动负荷下女性受试者的胸骨体中下部S1幅值和心尖部S1幅值,男性受试者胸骨体中下部S1幅值和心尖部S1幅值;比较分析FA组与FC组,MA组与MC组在不同负荷下的心力变化趋势(CCCT),以及不同位置间的CCCT和S1之间的关系。结果:1)胸骨体中下部S1幅值与心尖部S1幅值的比较,在安静时及运动停止后5minFA组与FC组,MA组与MC组之间均存在非常显著性差异;胸骨体中下部S1幅值比心尖部S1幅值高2倍左右,且信号清晰,噪音干扰较少;2)胸骨体中下部S1幅值/心尖部S1幅值的相对比值,运动员与普通大学生之间不存在显著性差异;3)胸骨体中下部S1幅值和心尖部S1幅值呈正相关,其相关系数女性受试者为r=0.925(P<0.01),男性受试者为r=0.871(P<0.01);4)各组不同位置之间的CCCT数据均不存在显著性差异。结论:1)男女性同一受试者,同一时间段内,不同位置间的S1幅值比较存在显著性差异。胸骨体中下部采集的S1幅值较高,大约是在心尖部采集的S1幅值的2倍左右,且信号清晰,噪音干扰较少;2)心前区S1幅值和胸骨体中下部S1幅值呈高度正相关,因而心前区胸骨体下端可以作为今后女运动员心力信号采集的一个常规部位;3)两位置的CCCT数据间不存在显著性差异,这表明用CCCT这一相对值检测心肌收缩力可不受部位,胸壁厚薄等因素的影响,是一项较为可靠的心力检测指标。 相似文献
19.
Heather R. Bowles James R. Morrow Jr. Bruce L. Leonard Margaret Hawkins Paul M. Couzelis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):464-470
Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning the true nature of “novice” behavior and the occurrence of behavioral changes during learning. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the evolving behavior of three beginners during six practice sessions on a ski simulator. The position of the apparatus platform was recorded as time series and used for constructing dynamical models, including stiffness and damping functions. The results showed that novices tended to exploit a Rayleigh damping behavior during the first trials and then transition toward a van der Pol damping. These results replicate previous observations by Nourrit, Delignières, Caillou, Deschamps, and Lauriot (2003) and suggest the transition to the expert behavior could arise early in practice, when the task is of moderate difficulty. The discussion focuses on the properties of the observed learning dynamics and proposes a global conceptualization for acquiring complex motor skills. 相似文献
20.
Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning the true nature of "novice" behavior and the occurrence of behavioral changes during learning. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the evolving behavior of three beginners during six practice sessions on a ski simulator The position of the apparatus platform was recorded as time series and used for constructing dynamical models, including stiffness and damping functions. The results showed that novices tended to exploit a Rayleigh damping behavior during the first trials and then transition toward a van der Pol damping. These results replicate previous observations by Nourrit, Delignieres, Caillou, Deschamps, and Lauriot (2003) and suggest the transition to the expert behavior could arise early in practice, when the task is of moderate difficulty. The discussion focuses on the properties of the observed learning dynamics and proposes a global conceptualization for acquiring complex motor skills. 相似文献