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1.
Although electromyographic (EMG) gradients have been observed in passive musculature during perceptual motor tasks, it is unclear whether this is related to metamotivational state or dominance. In addition, a misfit effect has been suggested whereby individuals report negative psychological responses when metamotivational state and dominance do not match. Research examining these phenomena within an exercise context is limited; therefore, this study used a reversal theory (Apter, 2001) framework to examine two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that an EMG gradient would be observed when individuals performed isokinetic leg extensions in a telic metamotivational state, regardless of telic or paratelic metamotivational dominance. Second, it was hypothesizsed that telic-dominant individuals and paratelic-dominant individuals would perform better on this task when in the telic and paratelic state, respectively. Altogether, 14 telic-dominant and 12 paratelic-dominant individuals performed 100 self-paced isokinetic leg extensions at a rate of 90°?·?s(-1) in both telic and paratelic state manipulated conditions. Regardless of state, an EMG gradient was observed in telic-dominant individuals but not in paratelic-dominant individuals. Paratelic-dominant individuals performed better in the paratelic than the telic state condition, whereas in the telic state condition, telic-dominant individuals performed better than paratelic-dominant individuals. Findings add to the debate concerning the role of telic metamotivational state and dominance in the production of EMG gradients. Performance data support the misfit effect that outcomes are more positive when metamotivational state and dominance are congruent. Suggestions for research developments in this area are offered, as are tentative implications for applied practice.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

In this study, we examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and attentional focus during exercise in relation to telic and paratelic metamotivational dominance and state. Thirty regular exercisers (11 females, 19 males), of whom 10 were telic dominant (mean Paratelic Dominance Scale score=6.2±2.9), 10 paratelic dominant (mean PDS score=23.8±1.4), and 10 non-dominant (mean PDS score=15.4±0.7) completed two exercise trials. In the first trial, the participants completed a maximal ramped exercise test on a motorized treadmill to determine their gas exchange threshold (the speed at which determined exercise intensity of the subsequent trial). Throughout the second trial (a 30-min treadmill run), the participants reported their metamotivational state, RPE, and attentional focus (associative or dissociative) at 5-min intervals. Heart rate was recorded at 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 min and expired air was analysed for oxygen consumption (VO2) between 1–3, 6–8, 11–13, 16–18, 21–23, and 26–28 min. There was no main effect of dominance or dominance×time interaction on any variables (P >0.05). Oxygen consumption did not differ between states but RPE was higher in the telic than paratelic state at 25 and 30 min (t 28=2.87, P <0.05; t 26.77=3.88, P <0.05, respectively). Attentional focus was more associative in the telic than paratelic state at 20, 25, and 30 min (t 28=? 3.73, P <0.05; t 28=? 4.85, P <0.01; t 28=? 5.15, P <0.05, respectively) and heart rate was higher at 23 min in the telic state (t 27=3.40, P <0.05). During the latter stages of exercise, the telic metamotivational state, not dominance, was related to a more associative attentional focus and higher RPE. Our results support the use of reversal theory (Apter, 2001) to understand perceptual and cognitive responses during aerobic exercise, but an experimental design in which state is manipulated is needed to examine the effects of metamotivational dominance and state on perceptual and cognitive responses.  相似文献   

3.
影响运动治疗代谢综合征运动学因素的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对国内外运动治疗代谢综合征的理论及应用研究进行搜集、归纳、整理,并对其研究成果进行综合分析总结,得出以下结论：对代谢综合征患者进行运动治疗,运动强度应保持在40%~75%V02max,低强度运动时间为300~420min/周,中等强度运动时间为180~300min/周;每周宜运动5~7次,每次45~60min;运动方式可根据病人的喜好及现有的身体状况进行调整,应以有氧运动为主,辅以力量训练维持瘦体重。旨在为今后运动治疗代谢综合征提供理论依据和实践参考。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探究青少年在急性部分睡眠剥夺状态下进行高强度运动前后静息态脑电(EEG,electroencephalography)微状态的变化特征。方法:选取20名健康男性青少年(18~22岁)为实验对象,前后两次随机在正常睡眠(Control)和单次部分睡眠剥夺(Sleep Deprivation,SD)的状态下,于次日上午参与跑台的布鲁斯(Bruce)运动方案;对其运动前后6min的静息态EEG信号进行采集,基于Matlab软件对数据进行微状态分析,选取持续时间、时间覆盖率、发生频率、转换概率作为分析指标。结果:与Control相比较,受试者SD状态下的微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率显著增加(P<0.05),微状态D的发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A和B更倾向于向C转换(P<0.05);而SD后进行大强度运动导致受试者微状态C的持续时间和时间覆盖率极显著增加(P<0.001),微状态D的持续时间和发生频率显著减少(P<0.05),微状态A、B更倾向于向C转换,而微状态C更倾向于向B和D转换(P<0.05 & P<0.01)。结论:睡眠缺失会破坏静息态网络之间的动态平衡,这种失衡在睡眠不足状态下进行运动后会更加严重高强度。  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bicycle ergometer exercise at varying metabolic intensities upon the heart rate, electromyographic (EMG), and mood state responses to a timed mental arithmetic stressor. Twelve males participated in four experimental conditions: three exercise trials consisting of workloads of 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity, and an attentional control condition. Daily test protocol involved the following time sequence: habituation, baseline, exercise or control condition (presented in a counterbalanced order), recovery, mental arithmetic, and completion of mood state questionnaire. Results indicated no differential response to the mental arithmetic stressor across the four conditions for the 12 subjects for heart rate, EMG activity, or mood state. Thus, 15 min of exercise at 40%, 55%, and 70% of physical work capacity proved to be no different from an attentional control condition in influencing the physiological and psychological responses to the mental arithmetic stressor.  相似文献   

6.
为探讨一次大强度耐力运动过程中,AMPK活性变化对骨骼肌蛋白质降解的作用。将36只SD大鼠进行一次跑台运动,坡度5%,运动强度25 m/min,运动时间60 min。取样为运动前、运动0.5、1 h,运动后1、2、6 h等6个点。使用高效液相色谱法测定AMP、ATP质量摩尔浓度;采用同位素技术测定腓肠肌中AMPK活性的变化;采用荧光定量PCR技术,测定腓肠肌中MuRF1、MAFbx基因表达量的变化。结果发现:(1)运动0.5 h到运动后即刻,AMP质量摩尔浓度及AMP与ATP质量摩尔浓度比值升高(P<0.05),运动后1、2、6 h组,腓肠肌AMP质量摩尔浓度及AMP、ATP质量摩尔浓度比值与安静组比较差异没有显著性;ATP质量摩尔浓度各组变化不大,差异没有显著性。(2)AMPK活性在运动0.5 h后开始升高,运动后2 h达到最高,运动后6 h开始下降但还高于对照组。(3)与安静组比较,运动0.5 h组、运动1 h组MuRF1 mRNA、MAFbx mRNA表达量差异没有显著性;运动后1 h、2 h组MuRF1 mRNA、MAFbx mRNA表达量与安静组比较升高,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),分别升高1.98、3.57和1.95、2.55倍;运动后6 h组MuRF1 mRNA、MAFbx mRNA表达量与安静组比较升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结果说明:一次性大强度耐力运动后1~6 h,骨骼肌蛋白质降解可能增强,其原因可能是AMPK活化,促进MAFbx mRNA、MuRF1 mRNA基因表达,促进骨骼肌蛋白质的降解。  相似文献   

7.
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8.
The inflammatory responsive cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) helps regulate immune responses to exercise. Evidence suggests that increases in IL-6 are related to exercise duration and intensity. However, the moderating effect of sex and underlying mediators have received limited attention. We compared plasma IL-6 responses to two cycling tasks with a resting control in young male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) recreationally active adults. Both 45 min tasks comprised an incremental test, either maximal or submaximal, followed by steady-state exercise at 55% peak power output. Interleukin-6 was elevated above baseline immediately after the maximal but not the submaximal task. Compared with the control condition, IL-6 was increased at 30 and 60 min after both exercise tasks. The IL-6 response was greater in women than men at 60 min after maximal exercise. Cortisol increased in both tasks compared with the control condition, the increase being greater after maximal than submaximal exercise. No associations were found between IL-6 responses and cortisol, heart rate, fitness or body mass index. The results show that 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise can increase IL-6 and suggest that the inclusion of maximal effort may accelerate this response. The finding that women showed a greater IL-6 response to maximal exercise may reflect a gender dimorphism in the immune response to stress.  相似文献   

9.
Immersive environments induced by audiovisual stimuli are hypothesised to facilitate the control of movements and ameliorate fatigue-related symptoms during exercise. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of pleasant and unpleasant audiovisual stimuli on perceptual and psychophysiological responses during moderate-intensity exercises performed on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Twenty young adults were administered three experimental conditions in a randomised and counterbalanced order: unpleasant stimulus (US; e.g. images depicting laboured breathing); pleasant stimulus (PS; e.g. images depicting pleasant emotions); and neutral stimulus (NS; e.g. neutral facial expressions). The exercise had 10 min of duration (2 min of warm-up?+?6 min of exercise?+?2 min of warm-down). During all conditions, the rate of perceived exertion and heart rate variability were monitored to further understanding of the moderating influence of audiovisual stimuli on perceptual and psychophysiological responses, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that PS ameliorated fatigue-related symptoms and reduced the physiological stress imposed by the exercise bout. Conversely, US increased the global activity of the autonomic nervous system and increased exertional responses to a greater degree when compared to PS. Accordingly, audiovisual stimuli appear to induce a psychophysiological response in which individuals visualise themselves within the story presented in the video. In such instances, individuals appear to copy the behaviour observed in the videos as if the situation was real. This mirroring mechanism has the potential to up-/down-regulate the cardiac work as if in fact the exercise intensities were different in each condition.  相似文献   

10.
为了解第八届全国少数民族健身操的运动强度,在比赛前一天的热身赛中,抽取11个参赛队的运动员共51人作为研究对象。通过测试运动员安静、运动后即刻、运动后4、5、6分钟的脉搏来评定运动员的身体机能,运动强度和运动后的恢复情况。研究结果显示：成年人安静心率63.7±6.8次/分钟,运动后即刻心率达到164.8±24.97次/分钟,强度达到中高强度,运动后6分钟心率为75.5±20.8次/分钟,基本恢复安静,心率比安静时高,可能与当时运动现场的环境有关。少年对主要是指山东队,其运动员的安静心率为68.2±3.6次/分钟,运动后即刻心率达到120±29.4次/分钟,强度属于中低强度,运动后6分钟心率为70.5±4.7次/分钟,心率基本恢复正常。  相似文献   

11.
李文川  刘春梅 《浙江体育科学》2007,29(5):111-114,117
通过问卷调查、实验分析的研究方式,探讨不同运动强度对不同性别、不同锻炼情况的普通大学生状态焦虑的影响,寻找适合大学生降低状态焦虑的有效手段。实验结果显示,运动对降低状态焦虑的影响具有运动强度、运动形式、性别、运动经历差异,并在影响时间上具有延迟性差异,经常参加体育锻炼男实验组,降低状态焦虑的适宜负荷为有氧运动中的75%VO2max和无氧运动,而对于经常参加体育锻炼女实验组、不经常参加体育锻炼男女组,有氧运动的中低强度(30%VO2max)较为适宜。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The inflammatory responsive cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) helps regulate immune responses to exercise. Evidence suggests that increases in IL-6 are related to exercise duration and intensity. However, the moderating effect of sex and underlying mediators have received limited attention. We compared plasma IL-6 responses to two cycling tasks with a resting control in young male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) recreationally active adults. Both 45 min tasks comprised an incremental test, either maximal or submaximal, followed by steady-state exercise at 55% peak power output. Interleukin-6 was elevated above baseline immediately after the maximal but not the submaximal task. Compared with the control condition, IL-6 was increased at 30 and 60 min after both exercise tasks. The IL-6 response was greater in women than men at 60 min after maximal exercise. Cortisol increased in both tasks compared with the control condition, the increase being greater after maximal than submaximal exercise. No associations were found between IL-6 responses and cortisol, heart rate, fitness or body mass index. The results show that 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise can increase IL-6 and suggest that the inclusion of maximal effort may accelerate this response. The finding that women showed a greater IL-6 response to maximal exercise may reflect a gender dimorphism in the immune response to stress.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women while controlling for iron status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin). Participants were 24 active women, ages 18-20 years (n = 12) and 35-45 years (n = 12). In addition to a nonexercise control condition, participants completed one exercise bout at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one at 80% VO2max. Each exercise session consisted of a 33-min bout in which participants exercised at their target intensities for a 20-min segment. Immediately before each exercise trial, participants were given the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The SAI was again administered immediately following the exercise session and at 30, 60, and 90 min postexercise. Data were analyzed using an Age x Intensity x Time (2 x 3 x 5) repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with iron status serving as the covariate. The ANCOVA on state anxiety yielded significant effects for time (p < .0001, eta2(p) = .48), the Intensity x Time interaction (p = .0006, eta2(p) = .19), and the Intensity x Age interaction (p = .04, eta2(p) = .15). All three exercise conditions (including control) showed a decline in state anxiety across time, but the 80% VO2max condition showed a sharper decline. Intensity of exercise conditions did not differ in state anxiety at baseline or immediately after exercise, but a difference favoring the 80% VO2max condition over the control condition emerged at 30 min postexercise. After controlling for iron status, older women who exercised at 80% VO2max exhibited lower SAI scores compared to the control condition.  相似文献   

14.
有氧耐力训练大鼠定量运动后红细胞的氧化应激   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李敏  曹志发 《体育学刊》2006,13(4):50-52
为了解耐力训练大鼠进行一次定量运动后红细胞的运动氧化应激是否降低以及是否减轻了自由基对其的影响。将60只SD大鼠随机分为不训练组(C)、每次训练20 min组(T1)和每次训练40 min组(T2),训练组在跑台上以28 m/min的速度训练6周。取样前各组又随机分为安静组和定量运动组,测试大鼠红细胞中GPX、SOD及Na -K -ATP酶活性和MDA含量。结果发现定量运动后,未训练大鼠SOD、GPX活性及MDA含量升高,Na -K -ATP酶活性下降;20 min训练大鼠SOD及Na -K -ATP酶活性下降,MDA含量和GPX活性升高且变化程度较未训练大鼠小;40 min训练大鼠各指标变化不大。结果提示有氧耐力运动训练能降低定量运动后红细胞的氧化应激,减轻自由基对红细胞的损伤。  相似文献   

15.
李翰  肖国强  朱轼 《体育学刊》2012,(3):140-144
探讨高温预处理与不同强度的一次性急性运动共同干预下所诱导的热休克蛋白70,对大鼠海马区自由基以及钙ATP酶的影响。将3月龄SD大鼠48只,分为室温安静组、室温15 m/min运动组、室温27 m/min运动组,高温安静组、高温15 m/min运动组和高温27 m/min运动组等6组,每组8只。高温组大鼠经高温预处理24 h后,与其他运动组进行一次性急性运动60 min后即刻取材检测海马区热休克蛋白Hsp70、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶SOD、Ca2+-ATPase活性。结果发现室温27 m/min运动组较之室温安静组,其大鼠海马区Hsp70的表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);高温预处理各组的Hsp70表达水平,显著高于室温各组(P<0.05);与室温运动组比较,高温预处理运动组海马SOD的活性提高极明显(P<0.01);各高温组MDA含量随运动强度增大而降低,但组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);高温预处理各组Ca2+-ATPase活性均显著高于室温各组(P<0.05)。结果说明:高温预处理诱导Hsp70的大量表达可提高运动时海马的SOD活性,降低MDA含量,提高Ca2+-ATPase活性。提示Hsp70可能通过提高抗氧化能力,以减少自由基对海马区的损害,对神经系统具有一定的保护意义。  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in oxidative stress and inflammation in response to steady state and low volume, high intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE). Untrained healthy males (n = 10, mean ± s: age 22 ± 3 years; VO2MAX 42.7 ± 5.0 ml · kg?1 · min?1) undertook three exercise bouts: a bout of LV-HIIE (10 × 1 min 90% VO2MAX intervals) and two energy-matched steady-state cycling bouts at a moderate (60% VO2MAX; 27 min, MOD) and high (80% VO2MAX; 20 min, HIGH) intensity on separate days. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and physiological stress were assessed before, at the end of exercise and 30 min post-exercise (post+30). At the end of all exercise bouts, significant changes in lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and protein carbonyls (PCs) (LOOH (nM): MOD +0.36; HIGH +3.09; LV-HIIE +5.51 and PC (nmol · mg?1 protein): MOD ?0.24; HIGH ?0.11; LV-HIIE ?0.37) were observed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased post+30, relative to the end of all exercise bouts (TAC (µM): MOD +189; HIGH +135; LV-HIIE +102). Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 increased post+30 in HIGH and LV-HIIE only (P < 0.05). HIGH caused the greatest lymphocytosis, adrenaline and cardiovascular response (P < 0.05). At a reduced energy cost and physiological stress, LV-HIIE elicited similar cytokine and oxidative stress responses to HIGH.  相似文献   

17.
Fluid and fuel intake during exercise   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
The amounts of water, carbohydrate and salt that athletes are advised to ingest during exercise are based upon their effectiveness in attenuating both fatigue as well as illness due to hyperthermia, dehydration or hyperhydration. When possible, fluid should be ingested at rates that most closely match sweating rate. When that is not possible or practical or sufficiently ergogenic, some athletes might tolerate body water losses amounting to 2% of body weight without significant risk to physical well-being or performance when the environment is cold (e.g. 5-10 degrees C) or temperate (e.g. 21-22 degrees C). However, when exercising in a hot environment ( > 30 degrees C), dehydration by 2% of body weight impairs absolute power production and predisposes individuals to heat injury. Fluid should not be ingested at rates in excess of sweating rate and thus body water and weight should not increase during exercise. Fatigue can be reduced by adding carbohydrate to the fluids consumed so that 30-60 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate are ingested throughout each hour of an athletic event. Furthermore, sodium should be included in fluids consumed during exercise lasting longer than 2 h or by individuals during any event that stimulates heavy sodium loss (more than 3-4 g of sodium). Athletes do not benefit by ingesting glycerol, amino acids or alleged precursors of neurotransmitter. Ingestion of other substances during exercise, with the possible exception of caffeine, is discouraged. Athletes will benefit the most by tailoring their individual needs for water, carbohydrate and salt to the specific challenges of their sport, especially considering the environment's impact on sweating and heat stress.  相似文献   

18.
间歇低氧运动对肥胖大鼠食欲的影响及其机制分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
探讨间歇低氧运动对营养性肥胖SD大鼠摄食的影响并分析其可能机制,为间歇低氧减肥提供理论依据。为此,通过对雄性SD大鼠饲喂高脂饲料建立营养性肥胖模型,然后进行为期4周的间歇低氧运动(运动速度为20 m/min,?(O2)前2周为15.4%,后2周为14.5%)。间歇低氧运动组进行4周间歇低氧运动刺激。结果发现:与常氧安静组相比,常氧运动组和间歇低氧运动组肥胖SD大鼠下丘脑瘦素和瘦素受体含量增加(常氧运动组P<0.05,间歇低氧运动组P<0.01),大鼠的每日摄食量减少。与常氧运动组相比,间歇低氧运动组肥胖SD大鼠下丘脑瘦素和瘦素受体含量增加(瘦素P<0.05,瘦素受体P<0.01)。结果说明:1)间歇低氧运动抑制了肥胖大鼠的食欲,减少了摄食量,减缓了大鼠体重的增加,并且间歇低氧效果比单纯运动效果好;2)间歇低氧运动抑制大鼠食欲可能与大鼠下丘脑瘦素和瘦素受体含量增加,进而抑制神经肽Y有关。  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the autonomic and haemodynamic responses to different aerobic exercise loads, with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). In a crossover study, 21 older adults (8 males and 13 females) completed different aerobic exercise sessions: low load without BFR (LL) (40% VO2max), low load with BFR (LL-BFR) (40% VO2max + 50% BFR) and high load without BFR (HL) (70% VO2max). Heart rate variability and haemodynamic responses were recorded during rest and throughout 30 min of recovery. HL reduced R–R interval, the root mean square of successive difference of R–R intervals and high frequency during 30 min of recovery at a greater magnitude compared with LL and LL-BFR. Sympathetic–vagal balance increased the values for HL during 30 min of recovery at a greater magnitude when compared with LL and LL-BFR. Post-exercise haemodynamic showed reduced values of double product at 30 min of recovery compared to rest in LL-BFR, while HL showed higher values compared to rest, LL-BFR and LL. Reduced systolic blood pressure was observed for LL-BFR (30 min) compared to rest. Autonomic and haemodynamic responses indicate lower cardiovascular stress after LL-BFR compared to HL, being this method, besides the functional adaptations, a potential choice to attenuate the cardiovascular stress after exercise in older adults.  相似文献   

20.
刘建红 《安徽体育科技》2002,23(4):56-57,60
为探讨桑拿蒸气浴对运动后血乳酸代谢的效果,三组运动员在运动后分别进行30min桑拿蒸汽浴、一般性的整理活动和静坐休息.结果提示:运动前、运动后即刻血乳酸没有明显的差异(p＜0.05),但在恢复30min后,一般整理活动组明显低于静坐休息组(p＜0.05),桑拿蒸汽浴组均明显低于一般整理活动组和静坐体息组(p＜0.05).结论:运动后进行适当桑拿蒸汽浴有利于血乳酸的代谢和体能的恢复.  相似文献   

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