共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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通过问卷调查、实验分析等方法,探讨了不同运动强度对不同性别、不同锻炼情况的普通大学生状态焦虑的影响,寻找适合大学生降低状态焦虑的有效手段。实验选取了心率、收缩压、舒张压三项常用生理指标,并分析其与状态焦虑变化之间的关系。研究结果显示,运动对降低状态焦虑的影响具有运动强度、运动形式、性别、运动经历差异,并在影响时间上具有延迟性差异,经常参加体育锻炼男实验组,降低状态焦虑的适宜负荷为有氧运动中的75%VO2max和无氧运动,而对于经常参加体育锻炼女实验组、不经常参加体育锻炼男女组,有氧运动的中低强度(30%VO2max)较为适宜。心率、血压伴随状态焦虑出现节律性变化,研究建议把收缩压作为评价状态焦虑水平的生理学指标之一。 相似文献
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分析冬季户外有氧运动对高校学生焦虑状态的影响,寻找降低大学生焦虑状态的有效手段。采用美国心理学家斯皮尔伯格的《状态一特质焦虑量表》,对哈尔滨商业大学学生进行两次测评。结果显示,通过冬季户外有氧运动训练,实验组学生的焦虑情况轻于对照组的学生;冬季户外有氧运动对女大学生焦虑情绪的影响更加显著。建议大学生经常参加各种有氧运动,尤其是冬季户外有氧运动,以缓解或消除焦虑情绪,改善并提高其心理素质,促进大学生心理健康发展。 相似文献
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目的:探讨一次性大、中、小负荷强度运动对唾液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的影响。方法:以普通大学生为研究对象,分别以40%VO2max、60%VO2max、80%VO2max负荷强度运动1h,测定运动前、运动后即刻、运动后3h、6h及24h唾液中sIgA的变化。结果:60%VO2max负荷强度运动后即刻,唾液中sIgA浓度(μg/ml)、sIgA分泌率(μg/min)均升高,且sIgA浓度呈显著性升高;其他各负荷强度运动前后,唾液中sIgA浓度及sIgA分泌率无显著变化。结论:1h中等强度运动有利于提高口腔粘膜免疫力。 相似文献
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不同运动方式对唾液sIgA 的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:了解不同运动方式对唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的影响。方法:8名普通大学生进行95%最大摄氧量(VO2max)强度的功率自行车间歇运动和连续3天的30 min、75%VO2max强度持续运动,8名田径运动员进行3种急性运动(10 000 m跑、1节强化训练课和1次递增负荷力竭性跑台运动),观察各种运动前后的唾液sIgA变化情况。结果:95%VO2max强度间歇运动后即刻唾液sIgA分泌率降低,3天连续运动后即刻的唾液sIgA分泌率逐渐下降,运动员强化训练课后唾液sIgA浓度降低。结果提示,大强度运动会降低唾液sIgA水平,长期耐力训练对黏膜免疫系统有累积性抑制作用。 相似文献
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75％VO2max强度有氧运动对红细胞形态及功能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
观察75%VO2max强度有氧运动后人体红细胞形态及变形、积聚能力的变化.在受试者以75%VO2max强度蹬功率自行车1小时后,采其静脉血测定红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞变形指数(TK)、聚集指数(RCA);扫描电镜(SEM)下观察红细胞形态变化.测出运动后红细胞压积、变形指数、聚集指数显著增高;红细胞形态由双凹圆盘状变为单侧凹陷边缘肿胀的Ⅰ型口形红细胞或凹陷加深另一侧隆起似礼帽状的Ⅱ型口形红细胞.认为75%VO2max强度有氧运动可使血管内红细胞聚集性增大,压积增高,红细胞失去正常形态,变形能力下降,从而影响其正常的携带氧气和二氧化碳的功能,导致有氧运动能力下降. 相似文献
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目的：探讨太极拳对大学生情绪特征的影响.方法：运用太极拳对实验组、对照组进行连续12周的实验干预,采用美国心理学家斯皮尔伯格等人编制的状态—特质焦虑调查表测试实验前后对照组、实验组的情绪状态,并对结果统计分析.结果：（1）实验前,对照组与实验组的男大学生的情绪状态波动较大,较正常男性人群比较差异显著（P＜0.05）;（2）实验前,对照组与实验组的女大学生情绪状态波动很大,较正常女性人群比较差异非常显著（P＜0.01）;（3）实验后,实验组男大学生情绪状态近似于正常男性人群,无显著差异（P＞0.05）;（4）实验后,实验组女大学生状态焦虑与正常女性人群无显著差异（P＞0.05）,特质焦虑与正常女性人群相比较有差异,但未达到显著水平.结论：太极拳练习对大学生忧虑、紧张等不良情绪具有明显的缓解作用,对男大学生情绪影响的干预效果优于女大学生.经常练习太极拳,可有效的改善大学生的情绪问题,帮助其还原正常的生活和学习.建议大学生坚持体育锻炼,养成良好的体育锻炼习惯,从而有效地提高自身心理健康水平. 相似文献
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体育锻炼对大学生焦虑的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
运用Spielberger等设计(Spilberger，1996)的状态一特质焦虑测试问卷(STAI)，时平时参加和不参加体育锻炼的311名大学生进行状态焦虑分数测评。从311名学生中选60名状态焦虑分数较高的学生，其中50％(30名学生)的学生作为试验组参加有组织的体育锻炼，而另外30名作为对照组不参加体育锻炼。在为期70天的试验过程中，运用状态一特质焦虑测试问卷对两组实验者进行3次心理状态测评。结果显示：在性别差异上，女生的状态焦虑水平比男生更高；参加体育锻炼活动可以降低不同性别不同年龄学生的焦虑水平。研究认为，体育锻炼活动在降低青春期大学生状态焦虑水平上起到十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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探讨了记忆编码后短时有氧运动对长时记忆的影响,以及运动强度这一因素在短时有氧运动与长时记忆关系中的作用。实验选取48名在校大学生（男女各半）,分为控制组、低强度运动组和高强度运动组,运动组进行30 min不同强度的有氧运动,控制组则不进行运动。通过测试一周后对之前学习的中性词汇的再认成绩来评价长时记忆固化水平。结果表明,不同有氧运动强度对长时记忆固化的影响存在差异：高强度短时有氧运动能够显著提升长时记忆固化水平（P＜0.05＝,低强度短时有氧运动对长时记忆固化水平则不产生显著影响（P ＞0.05）。不同强度有氧运动对长时记忆的影响不随性别变化而改变。 相似文献
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大学生考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
段宝斌 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(3):124-126
考试焦虑是大学生需要面临的主要应激源之一。通过对150名大学生进行研究,检验分析了竞赛状态焦虑与考试焦虑的联系。相关性检验和多元回归的结果表明考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑具有显性相关,认知焦虑对考试焦虑的影响最大。因此,可以通过体育锻炼调节运动焦虑,进而缓解考试焦虑,把降低竞赛状态焦虑的方法用来使考试焦虑保持在一个适宜的水平。 相似文献
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探讨运动强度对状态焦虑的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究探讨一次性有氧运动对状态焦虑的影响。12名实验对象被分成3组分3天分别进行3个不同运动强度、即45％VO2peak，60％VO2peak，75％VO2peak的20min跑台实验。运动前后分别测试体温、血压和心理问卷测试。结果表明大强度的一次性运动(75％VO2peak)可有效地降低状态焦虑，其作用机制可能与体温的上升和中枢神经的内啡肽分泌增加有关。由于收缩压的降低随状态焦虑同步变化，建议收缩压可作为评价状态焦虑变化的生物学指标之一。 相似文献
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目的:研究低温环境下不同强度运动对糖脂代谢相关激素变化的影响,旨在为冰上项目运动者的训练监控提供一定的指导意义。方法:选取10名北京体育大学田径专项男生为研究对象,在室内温度为12℃的条件下静息、65%VO_2max和80%VO_2max强度跑台各运动20min,每次运动前后均采集血液进行相关指标的测试,每两次测试时间间隔不少于1周。结果:与静息前相比,静息20 min后血清胰岛素(Ins)水平、胰高血糖素(PG)水平、Ins/PG均有显著降低,脂联素(ADPN)水平显著升高;与65%VO_2max强度运动前相比,运动后PG水平显著降低;与80%VO2max强度运动前相比,运动后Ins水平、Ins/PG比值显著降低,PG水平显著升高。与静息后相比,65%VO_2max强度运动后血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、PG、瘦素(LP)水平显著降低,Ins/PG、多巴胺(DA)水平显著升高,80%VO_2max强度运动后血清NE、LP水平显著降低,DA水平显著升高;与65%VO_2max强度运动后相比,80%VO2max强度运动后血清肾上腺素(Ad)、NE水平显著上升,DA、Ins、LP水平显著降低。结论:低温环境可使Ins和Ins/PG下降,ADPN升高,且以中等强度运动后血清FFA显著升高,建议在低温环境下以中等强度运动更有利于脂肪的分解。 相似文献
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Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In the present study, we assessed the effects of exercise intensity on salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and salivary lysozyme (s-Lys) and examined how these responses were associated with salivary markers of adrenal activation. Using a randomized design, 10 healthy active men participated in three experimental cycling trials: 50% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 75%VO2max, and an incremental test to exhaustion. The durations of the trials were the same as for a preliminary incremental test to exhaustion (22.3 min, sx = 0.8). Timed, unstimulated saliva samples were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 h after exercise. In the incremental exhaustion trial, the secretion rates of both s-IgA and s-Lys were increased. An increase in s-Lys secretion rate was also observed at 75%VO2max. No significant changes in saliva flow rate were observed in any trial. Cycling at 75%VOmax and to exhaustion increased the secretion of alpha-amylase and chromogranin A immediately after exercise; higher cortisol values at 75%VO2max and in the incremental exhaustion trial compared with 50%VO2max were observed 1 h immediately after exercise only. These findings suggest that short-duration, high-intensity exercise increases the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-Lys despite no change in the saliva flow rate. These effects appear to be associated with changes in sympathetic activity and not the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis. 相似文献
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以７０％ＶＯ２ｍａｘ中等强度跑台耐力运动至疲劳为运动模型，测定了普通大学生服用不饱和脂肪酸对运动至疲劳时的闪烁融合阈值、憋气时间、定量运动时的心率和心电图。实验表明，服用不饱和脂肪酸对上述指标有一定的影响，受试者身体机能有一定改善，提示，不饱和脂肪酸可能与运动能力有关。 相似文献
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The literature related to Borg's ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale has revealed inconsistencies about the strength of the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion and various physiological criterion measures, such as heart rate, blood lactate concentration, percent maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max), oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation and respiration rate. Using sex of participants, fitness, type of RPE scale used, type of exercise, exercise protocol, RPE mode and study quality, we undertook a meta-analysis to determine the strength of the relationship between RPE scores and the six aforementioned physiological measures. The weighted mean validity coefficients were 0.62 for heart rate, 0.57 for blood lactate, 0.64 for %VO2max 0.63 for VO2, 0.61 for ventilation and 0.72 for respiration rate. Analysis of moderator variables revealed that the following study features could account for the variation of results across studies: heart rate--fitness, type of exercise, protocol and RPE mode; blood lactate concentration--sex, RPE scale; VO2--sex, exercise type, RPE mode; ventilation--sex, RPE mode; respiration rate--exercise protocol, RPE mode. The highest correlations between ratings of perceived exertion and the various physiological criterion measures were found in the following conditions: when male participants (whose VO2 or ventilation was measured) were required to maximally exert themselves (measuring %VO2max or ventilation); when the exercise task was unusual [e.g. when participants were swimming, which is less common than walking or running (when heart rate, %VO2max and VO2 are measured)]; or when the 15-point RPE scale (measuring blood lactate concentration) was used. These findings suggest that although Borg's RPE scale has been shown to be a valid measure of exercise intensity, its validity may not be as high as previously thought (r = 0.80-0.90), except under certain conditions. 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to establish the cardiovascular and metabolic demands of a university step aerobics session entitled 'Uni-Step' performed at three step heights, and to evaluate the use of heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion for the estimation of exercise intensity during this mode. Ten female participants in step aerobics (mean VO2max = 47.7, s = 6.8 ml.kg-1.min-1) performed a 40-min Uni-Step routine on steps of height 6, 8 and 10 inches (15.2, 20.3 and 25.4 cm). Oxygen uptake, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded throughout each test. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximum heart rate were measured using a continuous treadmill protocol. The mean intensities were 45.6%, 51.6% and 56.2% VO2max for the 6-, 8- and 10-inch steps respectively. The mean percent heart rate reserves were 57.2%, 63.6% and 70.1% at these three heights respectively. Correlations indicated a weak relationship between %VO2max and ratings of perceived exertion for the 6- and 8-inch steps (r = 0.61 and 0.66 respectively) but a stronger one for the 10-inch step (r = 0.79). Uni-Step performed on the two highest steps was of a sufficient relative intensity to improve or maintain the cardiovascular fitness of participants in this study. The lowest step may be useful for participants of lower fitness. Heart rate overestimated the metabolic cost of Uni-Step at all three step heights and therefore caution is advised if used to predict intensity. Low correlations between %VO2max and ratings of perceived exertion at the two lower step heights indicate that ratings of perceived exertion may have limited utility in prescribing training intensity. 相似文献
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We examined the hypothesis that congruence between motivational dominance and state results in optimal psychological responses and performance during exercise. Twenty participants (10 telic dominant and 10 paratelic dominant) rated their stress at 5 min intervals as they cycled on an ergometer at gas exchange threshold for 30 min in both telic and paratelic state manipulated conditions. Participants then performed a test to exhaustion at a resistance equivalent to 110% of VO(2max). The hypothesized interaction between condition and dominance was significant for internal tension stress, as paratelic dominants were more stressed than telic dominants when exercising in the telic state and telic dominants were more stressed than paratelic dominants when exercising in the paratelic state. Similarly, the condition × dominance interaction for internal stress discrepancy was significant, as paratelic dominants reported greater internal stress discrepancy exercising in the telic compared with the paratelic state. Findings are discussed in relation to the application of reversal theory for understanding stress responses during aerobic exercise. 相似文献