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1.
Arna H. Jónsdóttir Marianne Coleman 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2014,34(3):210-225
In this article, we explore the reality of Icelandic preschool teachers who are, as in most other countries, predominantly female. The gendered nature of the role and the current identity adopted by preschool teachers appear to impact on their perceived status and professionalism. In this process, stakeholders in early childhood education (ECE), as well as the preschool teachers themselves, play important parts. The question that underlies the paper is: ‘How do the views of preschool teachers and stakeholders in ECE affect the preschool teachers’ professional identity?’ The data used to answer the question are from focus group research carried out with preschool teachers and stakeholders in ECE in one community in Iceland. These stakeholders, besides preschool teachers and staff within the preschools, were parents, professionals at the municipal preschool office and politicians. The theoretical perspective informing the methodology of the research was ‘symbolic interactionism’ and the concept of ‘democratic professionalism’ was used as an aspirational framework to analyse the data. The findings reveal connections between the ideology relating to the preschool teachers’ educational role, their limited leadership and the gendered views of stakeholders. At the end of the paper, implications and recommendations for preschool teachers are suggested. 相似文献
2.
Gudmundur B. Arnkelsson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):163-174
Discriminant validity of several psychological tests was investigated for a sample of reading‐retarded and normal Icelandic fifth grade children. Differentiation was greatest on verbal intelligence, accounting for 40% of the variation, and on various other verbal tests accounting for almost 40% of the remaining variation. Benton Visual Retention Test was the only visual‐spatial test that discriminated between the two groups. Apart from verbal intelligence the Expressive scale of the Luria‐Nebraska Neuropsychogical Battery discriminated most highly between the groups and was the only measure with incremental validity over the intelligence measures. Cluster analysis revealed two reading‐retarded subgroups. One was an undifferenti‐ated group characterized by lowered level of performance on all measures and heterogeneous individual profiles. The second cluster was very compact with specific delay on verbal measures, possibly indicating sequencing difficulties. The results indicate the need for an adequate intelligence measure in Iceland and the development of refined measures of specific verbal skills. 相似文献
3.
The aim of this article is to highlight some conceptions of ethical competence identified in interviews with teachers in religious education in Sweden, and within analyses of policy documents in a Swedish and an Icelandic educational context. As a starting point we take seven interviewed teachers’ comments about what they view as important ethical competences for their pupils to have. A comparative analysis of Swedish and Icelandic policy documents with regard to the conceptual understandings of ethical competence is made, as well as a comparison between the policy documents and teachers’ comments. The Icelandic curriculum is chosen because it differs from the Swedish one in a sense relevant to an analysis of the teacher interviews. The analyses imply a tension between theoretical and analytical conceptions of ethical competence and an action competence. Finally, some possible threads to consider in developing a broadened and deepened understanding of ethical competence are outlined. 相似文献
4.
This article discusses the views of 25 Icelandic preschool and compulsory school teachers who were interviewed on the role of the outdoor environment in children's learning. The teachers reported not being afraid to take children outside. These teachers valued the learning potentials of the outdoors more than they feared the possible risks. They believed that the outdoors could provide opportunities for (a) enhancing children's play and learning (b) promoting children's health, well-being, and courage, and (c) affecting children's views, knowledge, and actions towards sustainability. 相似文献
5.
Inclusive education policy, now the norm in many parts of the world including Iceland, is highly dependent on teachers for its successful implementation. Research on inclusion often attempts to identify teachers’ attitudes of inclusion (against/for). This article takes a different approach. It focuses on teachers’ perspectives of their professional practices; that is, how teachers understand what it means to be and practise as a teacher. We interviewed 10 Icelandic compulsory school teachers and also examined teaching logs and associated documents. The findings suggest that the teachers participating in this study have conflicting expectations towards their professional practice. They have unclear ideas about the inclusive ideology, and external factors influence teachers’ perception of their professional practice more than reflective practices. We suggest that these findings may well be applicable beyond the Icelandic context, and that they have implications for the overall in-service and pre-service education offered to teachers. 相似文献
6.
Hermína Gunnþórsdóttir Ingólfur Ásgeir Jóhannesson 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(6):580-600
The aim of this article is to examine the discourse of Icelandic compulsory school teachers on inclusive education. From 1974 and onwards, the education policy in Iceland has been towards inclusion, and Iceland is considered to be an example of a highly inclusive education system with few segregated resources for students with special educational needs. In particular, the article focuses on what characterises and legitimises teachers' discourse on inclusive education, the contradictions in the discourse and how teachers have involved themselves in the process. We use the approach of historical discourse analysis to analyse the discourse as it appears in interviews with teachers and media articles on education as well as in key documents issued by the Parliament. The article provides an insight into the complexities of this topic and draws attention to underlying issues relevant to inclusive education. 相似文献
7.
‘Drawing and playing are not the same’: children’s views on their activities in Icelandic preschools
Sara M. Ólafsdóttir Jóhanna Einarsdóttir 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2019,39(1):51-63
Play is an important part of early childhood education and has been defined from different perspectives and paradigms. However, definitions of play have been studied more from adults’ perspectives than from those of children themselves. This ethnographic research, with children aged three to five years and built on sociological constructs, will explore children’s views on play in two preschool settings in Iceland. Video-stimulated recordings were used to support children’s conversations about their different activities in the settings, to explore which activities they considered play. Most of the children said that they were playing when they took on roles and could decide what to do with the material. When the children were preparing the play or were drawing, they usually said they were not playing. These findings add to the understanding of play from children’s perspectives and are valuable to the research field and for educators working with young children. 相似文献
8.
《铜仁师专学报》2001,3(1):29-33,66
Teh Purpose of the teaching and the learning of English is to develop communicative competence.Pragmatics is one of the most essential parts of the communicative competence .It concerns the appropriate use of language.This paper aims to show the significant role of pragmatics in the teaching and learning of English and further explores the importance of cultivating students‘awareness to improve their pragmatic ability and communicative competence。 相似文献
9.
WILLIAMS R.A. SELOMULYA C. JIA X. 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(12):1367-1373
INTRODUCTION Separation of solids from suspending liquid plays a crucial role in a variety of processes, from nanomaterials synthesis to bio-processing. It often involves colloidal particles that need to be aggregated into more manageable sizes. Characteristics of these aggregates influence downstream solids recovery. For instance, aggregates with open configurations may settle slower than those with denser structures due to increasing fluid drag, although considerable flow- through could… 相似文献
10.
苏秋芳 《福建教育学院学报》2001,2(4):42-44
In poetry, the device of ending two or more lines with words that sound alike is called end
rhyming;end words that share a particular sound are end rhymes. When used in a poem,end rhymes set
up a definite pattern of sounds-a rhyme scheme. 相似文献
11.
The purposeof the teaching and the learning of English is to develop communicative competence. Pragmatics is one of the most essential parts of the communicative competence .It concerns the appropriate use of language. This paper aims to show the significant role of pragmatics in the teaching and learning of English and further explores the importance of cultivating students' awareness to improve their pragmatic ability and communicative competence. 相似文献
12.
Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education》2008,56(3):349-379
Debates and policies in Europe as regards the diversity of higher education institutions and programmes have changed substantially
over the years. When expansion of the rate of new entry students was expected to grow beyond 10%, diversification between
types of higher education institutions became the most popular option, whereas no consensus emerged as far as the extent of
diversity and the most desirable classifications are concerned. In the 1980s, attention shifted gradually towards “vertical”
differences among institutions of formally the same type. Since the 1990s, more extreme modes of vertical diversity were more
frequently advocated as options to embark into world-wide competition for “world-class university”. The concurrent popular
debates are criticized as blaming moderate vertical inter-institutional diversity, emphasis on intra-institutional diversity,
efforts to put prime emphasis on a variety of profiles of any model other than extreme vertical diversity as counteracting
“quality”, although evidence for the superiority of the model praised is feeble. 相似文献
13.
If A and B are two sets, A is said to be a subset of B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B. The subset relation is indicated by the symbolism 相似文献
14.
The e-book has many advantages over a paperbased product. You can store lots of books on one computer—in fact your entire library could be stored on the top of your desk. E-books also allow you to mark your page with an electronic bookmark and jump straight to it when you open the book. 相似文献
15.
The e-book has many advantages over a paper-based product. You .can store lots of books on one computer-in fact your entire library could be stored on the top of your desk. E-books also allow you to mark your page with an electronic bookmark and jump straight to it when you open the book. 相似文献
16.
INTRODUCTIONAsasinkandaninnersourceofnutrients,sedimentsplayanimportantroleinlakeeutroph ication.TheeutrophicationstatusofWestLakeisstillcriticalinrecentyearsevenaftermostpollutionsourcesaroundWestLakehavebeencontrolled(Peietal.,1998) ,mainlythroughtherel… 相似文献
17.
Danièle Cros Maurice Maurin Roger Amouroux Maurice Chastrette∗ Jacques Leber Michel Fayol 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):305-313
Preconceptions of first‐year university students of the constituents of matter and the notions of acids and bases were investigated on a total of 400 students. The procedure used consisted of free interviews, semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires. It was found that the constituents of matter were well known to students, but that interactions between these constituents were either totally unknown or were the subject of severe misconceptions. The students’ knowledge tended to be qualitative and formal, with a worrying lack of connection with everyday life. 相似文献
18.
If A and B are two sets,A is said to be a subsetof B if and only if every element of A is also anelement of B.The subset relation is indicated by thesymbolismAB(or BA)which is read“A is a subset of B”or“A is includedin B”or“B includes A”.It is clear from the definition that every set A isa subset of itself.It is important to know that theempty setis the subset of any set A:A.(Wewill explain it in the logic part)Two sets A and B are said to be equal if and 相似文献
19.
INTRODUCTION The CUBE BY operator (Gray et al., 1996) is anessential facility for data warehousing and OLAP. Itis a multidimensional extension of the standardGROUP BY operator, computing all possible com-binations of the grouping attributes in the CUBE BYclause. A CUBE BY with N grouping attributes willcompute 2N group-bys. In the real world, a fact tableis often very large and sparse. In such cases, the sizeof a group-by is possibly close to the size of the facttable. So th… 相似文献
20.
Engin 《扬州职业大学学报》2005,(2)
e essence of sound, this paper discusses where the noises of the punch pressing machines mainly come from and their transmission methods. Furthermore, it discusses how to effectively control these noises.noise; punch pressing machine; impact; control0鄂州大学学报J 相似文献