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1.
Gunnar Berg 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):95-117
Berg, G. 1982. Research into the School as an Organization. I: A Presentation and Discussion of Research Literature with a Bearing on the School as an Organization. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 26, 95‐117. Only to a limited extent has the school as an organization been the subject of any really systematic research, whether on the part of educationalists, sociologists or general organizational theorists. In this article a number of research projects focusing on the school as an organization are described and discussed. Previous research in this field has been either functionalist or structuralist in approach. Nevertheless, certain concepts are common to the analyses of all the researchers referred to here: all describe the school as an organization in terms of professionalism and bureaucracy. We would add that the school can also be described as a coercive organization. 相似文献
2.
李继秀 《安徽教育学院学报》2008,(4)
当代中国基础教育学校正在从"近代型"向"现代型"转变,学校组织变革是人们关注的焦点.学校组织的特性诉求学校组织功能结构重建,重建后的学校组织功能应当是在满足受教育者发展的同时满足教师的发展;重建后的学校组织结构应能从多方面体现学校组织的特性和功能,成为教师健康、主动、真实发展的保证体系;学校组织功能结构的重建将带动学校组织文化、制度、机制等深层次变革. 相似文献
3.
This article focuses on the concept of work‐organization in general and the adaptation of this concept to the (Swedish) school‐system in particular. One major point stressed by the authors is that the work‐organization of the school is not purely a question of technical forms of administration. When establishing work‐organization it is of crucial importance to take the functions of the school into consideration. This means that the first step is to focus the content of the organizational activities and then build up administrative forms which facilitate a goal‐oriented work. 相似文献
4.
Richard Niesche 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2015,47(2):133-145
AbstractThe introduction of new accountabilities and techniques of government for the purposes of educational reform have created new complexities and tensions for school leadership. Policies such as the publishing of league tables in the UK, high stakes testing in the US and the introduction of the My School website in Australia are particularly significant for school principals. In this article I appeal to the work of Foucault and Deleuze to provide an alternate approach to understanding how principals are constituted as subjects through a range of practices and discourses associated with the introduction of the My School website. I specifically draw upon Foucault’s notion of governmentality and Deleuze’s notion of societies of control to provoke new lines of thought into these government practices. I argue that it is through the performative in the education system that school principals are becoming perpetually assessable subjects. 相似文献
5.
Gad Yair 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1996,17(4):453-471
Programs of school choice are based largely on the idea of a free market’. Recent reform efforts have been based on the assumption that market‐driven educational systems would bring higher achievement levels and greater satisfaction among clients. According to popular views, parents would shop for a school just as they do for any other commodity and competition between schools would ensue, with each school trying to improve itself thereby attracting consumers. There is a major drawback to this reasoning. Markets are rarely completely free from regulation and control, and the desires of individuals do not fully explain the social facts of school choice. As a complement to current school choice studies, a structural explanation of school choice within the theory of network analysis is presented. The study analyses choice in terms of inter‐school student transfers and explains choice as the combined result of two factors. The first is the organization of student mobility in schools, in terms of vacant positions (timing and volume) and student body composition, which posits nine ideal types of school organization. The second factor is the ecology of the market, given in the number of schools in each type. Research conducted in a large city in Israel serves as an example for the approach. The more general implications of the study suggest directions for the theoretical refinement of mobility and attainment studies in sociology. 相似文献
6.
Tony Yeigh David Lynch David Turner Stephen C. Provost Richard Smith Royce L. Willis 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(5):434-456
ABSTRACTThis article reports on an investigation into the influence stemming from school leadership as an important consideration in relation to school improvement. School readiness, based on [Schiemann, W. A. 2014. “From Talent Management to Talent Optimization.” Journal of World Business 49 (2): 281–288. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2013.11.012]. Accountability, Capability and Engagement (ACE) leadership model, was assessed through self-reported school leader behaviours, attitudes, perceptions, and school improvement attributes. To clarify, school readiness refers to how a school principal optimises staff and other school resources to best achieve school improvement agendas. School readiness survey results and student achievement outcomes for one entire school district were analysed, indicating that school readiness did indeed impact student achievement. Findings reveal a need for school leaders to focus more clearly on overall school alignment and optimisation behaviours, and these are discussed in relation to specific leadership recommendations and how leadership can better support and encourage school improvement in terms of educational accountability. 相似文献
7.
David Chen 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(1):8-19
This article describes an experiment utilizing a research and development strategy to design and implement an innovative school for the future. The development of Cramim Elementary School was a joint effort of researchers from Tel-Aviv University and the staff of the school. The design stage involved constructing a new theoretical framework that defined school as a knowledge system, based on the state of the art, interdisciplinary study of the nature of humans, and the nature of knowledge. A new school design emerged based on this theoretical framework and the school was opened in 1995. Action research followed for 8 years and the results indicated that the school has emerged as a learning organization and successfully integrated knowledge technologies into the learning processes of both students and teachers. Differentiated teaching strategy resulted in a significant increase in achievements (+11% in maths, literacy, and science; +10% in literacy in kindergarten; persistence of higher achievement in junior high schools). The greatest beneficiaries were low-achieving students. As the school is a highly complex system, individual variables contributing to the increased effectiveness could not be isolated. The article's conclusion is that experimental schools are a productive strategy to bring about changes, but unless these schools are part and parcel of the culture of the mainstream education system culture, they are destined to remain isolated cases. 相似文献
8.
9.
学校组织及其功能分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析作为一种社会组织的学校的功能及其存在的问题，论述当代学校的多元功能观及其包含的主要内容，进而提出为实现学校的多元功能而应该进行的改革。认为，学校在现代社会中作用愈发重要，其功能也应多样化，并随着学校生存环境的变化而变化，以适应社会发展对学校组织不断变化的、多样化的要求。 相似文献
10.
Ingrid Stymne 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):77-94
Stymne, I. 1982. Directional Factors in Group Work. A Study of Two School Groups. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 26, 77‐94. A conceptual scheme of directional factors was sought in two work groups of teenage school children. The occurrence of exploratory sequences related to the different directional factors was also analysed. The two groups were videotaped, one while making a poster for a youth organization and the other while discussing the outline for a play. The utterances of each group were analysed and categorised into directional factors according to a simple model. Stimuli which initiated exploratory sequences were found for all directional factors when there was a problem to be solved or a decision to be made in relation to that factor. However, a good deal of behaviour could be seen as rule‐governed or routinised in relation to various directional factors rather than to exploratory sequences. The consequences of a lack of exploratory sequences in group work are briefly discussed. 相似文献
11.
学校效能与学校改革：对英国最新研究成果的述评 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在对英国学校效能研究与学校改革最新研究成果进行了分析与研究后，我们可以发现目前学校效能与学校改革中存在的一些问题以及有待努力的方向。 相似文献
12.
The position and duties of a school principal should be rapidly changing along with the changes in the policy of school development. School‐based curriculum and staff development are the main components of the present policy. If an individual school is the basic unit of development then the role of the principal is crucial in leading pedagogical activities within the unit. This study, carried out in Finland, attempts to consider how principals see their work now. The results show that the principals’ still see their most important tasks in organisation (resource provider) and in maintaining a good climate in school. 相似文献
13.
Ken Reid 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):45-51
This article is concerned with the development of provision for pupils in a comprehensive school with special educational needs. Its main focus is on the organization and administration changes which were undertaken in connection with the recommendations of the Warnock Report, the 1981 Education Act and the development of knowledge and expertise within the school in helping such pupils. It concentrates on five aspects: the communication of information about those pupils within the school, the curriculum available to them in the upper school, the deployment of staff, the name of the department to best fit its changing role in the school and the issues which need to be taken into account in monitoring those developments. 相似文献
14.
Katherine C. Pears Philip A. Fisher Hyoun K. Kim Jacqueline Bruce Cynthia V. Healey Karen Yoerger 《Early education and development》2013,24(6):771-791
Research Findings: School readiness is a strong predictor of adjustment in elementary school and beyond. Children in foster care are at particular risk for academic and social difficulties in school. Limitations in self-regulatory skills and caregiver involvement among these children might contribute to a lack of school readiness. This study presents the immediate effects on school readiness of a targeted, short-term intervention designed to improve children's early literacy, prosocial, and self-regulatory skills during the summer before kindergarten entry: Kids in Transition to School. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we assigned 192 children in foster care to either an intervention or services as usual comparison condition. Multimethod, multi-informant assessments were conducted immediately prior to and following the completion of the intervention. The results from structural equation modeling indicated that the intervention had significant positive effects on early literacy and self-regulatory skills. Practice or Policy: An efficacious, short-term, readily scalable, theoretically based intervention targeted at specific vulnerabilities for children in foster care may help to improve the school readiness and eventual school adjustment of these children. 相似文献
15.
Päivi Hamarus Pauli Kaikkonen 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):333-345
Background:?Research into school bullying has a long tradition but a rather narrow scope. Many prevention programmes have been designed, but despite extensive investigation, most studies suggest that bullying is not decreasing. There is something paradoxical in this phenomenon. In order to have any real impact on some phenomena, thorough understanding is needed. What, then, is the essence of school bullying? How does it develop and how is it maintained in a community? In the present study written material and interviews concerning pupils´ experiences of bullying were used to examine how the status of the bully is created among pupils and how cultural norms and values in the community are constructed via bullying. Bullying as a phenomenon is a hidden process, where teachers are often misled. The meanings given to bullying behaviour can often be understood only by the pupils in the community. This is why bullying is possible in the presence of the teacher and also during lessons. The study suggests the need to see bullying in a broader social and cultural framework, which also provides a new way of understanding pupils´ social relationships. Purpose:?This study attempts to understand school bullying as a phenomenon from a social and cultural viewpoint. Communication in and meanings given to bullying acts in the school community are in focus. Sample:?The study sample comprised 85 lower secondary school pupils, aged 13–15, from various schools in central Finland. The data analysed consisted of 85 written accounts and 10 interviews. Design and methods:?Pupils were asked to write about ‘School bullying’. The interviews were open-ended thematic interviews or episodic interviews (cf. Friebertshäuser). A hermeneutic method was used in analysing the meanings in the texts. The transcribed texts were analysed using categories and themes within which the meanings given to bullying were interpreted. Results:?Our study suggested that bullying behaviour consists of short communicative situations which are often hidden from teachers. These separate situations account for the subjective experience of bullying. Bullying behaviour is a way of gaining power and status in a group or school class. The status is maintained by calling a pupil who is bullied different names. The ‘difference’ in the bullied pupil is interpreted as a culturally avoidable characteristic. In this way, bullying behaviour creates cultural norms and forces all pupils in the bullying community to follow them. Telling stories and calling the bullied pupil names increases the group's cohesion and the treatment of the bullied pupil creates fear in other pupils, who do not dare to fight bullying. In a community where bullying occurs, fear and guilt are obvious. Conclusions:?Bullying is embedded in cultural norms, values and social status in the whole community. The hidden nature of the phenomenon emerges in short communicative situations that should be taken seriously. This research applies an approach from sociology and cultural studies to an area that has been dominated by psychological approaches. In doing so, it opens up a variety of interpretations of what bullying is and how it develops in schools. 相似文献
16.
School context—institutional, community, national socio-cultural, economic and political—plays an important role in developing the characteristics of a learning organisation. In the last decade, the discussion on the school as a learning organisation (SLO) has emerged in Greece which is characterised by a centralised and highly bureaucratised educational system. However, there is a gap in studying SLOs nationwide in Greece and more importantly in using a valid and tested instrument related specifically to schools. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the School as Learning Organisations Survey, based on Integrated Model of the School as Learning Organisation, used in a large scale nationwide SLO study in the Greek context and investigate whether two key antecedents, school size and school geographic location, are related to the level of schools' operating as learning organisations (LOs). A quantitative research was conducted in 418 primary schools throughout Greece. Findings showed that the Schools as Learning Organisations scale in the Greek context consisted of six dimensions and 65 items that loaded on these dimensions. Furthermore, “school size” is related to the transformation of schools into LOs. On the contrary, there seems to be no association between school geographic location and the operation of Greek schools as LOs. 相似文献
17.
生命周期理论视野中的学校组织生命周期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
学校是教育者向受教育者实施群体教育和共同教育的组织.和企业组织一样,学校组织也具有自己独特的生命周期.根据生命周期理论,学校组织的生命周期可以划分为成长阶段、再生和成熟阶段以及老化阶段,且每一个阶段都有自己鲜明的特征. 相似文献
18.
Will J. Jordan James M. McPartland Nettie E. Legters Robert Balfanz 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1-2):159-181
This article discusses the need for comprehensive reforms in school organization, curriculum and instruction, and professional development in order to address the typical, serious problems of large, urban, nonselective high schools. The article describes the design, implementation, and effectiveness of the Talent Development High School with Career Academies, a comprehensive school reform model developed to meet these schools' needs. A plan is outlined for additional research, development, and evaluation activities to complete this model for the remaining core high school academic subjects and grades, and to provide technical assistance materials and support for further replicating the model in high schools across the nation. 相似文献
19.
学校文化作为一种培养人的组织文化,是引领社会和谐发展的现实存在.只有以先进教育价值观为核心建设学校的文化体系,学校的文化存在才有社会意义.同时,在建设和谐学校文化过程中,必须以先进性、主体性、发展性为根本原则. 相似文献
20.
作为一种组织,学校有其独特性。当代学校改革发展趋势使发展型组织成为学校改革的新主题。发展型学校组织的特征为:发展型的领导模式、发展型的组织形态、发展型的组织准备力和发展型的人力资源。因此,塑造发展型学校组织的具体塑造策略有:确定学校组织发展的领导者能力,挑选能适应和驾驭变化的校长;把主动成长和发展与学校组织战略性目标联系起来,创建专业学校文化;确定学校组织变革能力和准备程度,大量投资于培训和专业开发,让所有教师参与学校决策;树立学校人力资源理念,给予学校必要的预算控制权。 相似文献