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1.
This study explored the comprehension and production of sentences derived by syntactic movement, in orally trained school-age Hebrew-speaking children with moderate to profound hearing impairment, aged 7;8-9;9 years. Experiments 1 and 2 tested the comprehension of relative clauses and topicalization sentences (with word orders of OVS [object, verb, subject] and OSV [object, subject, verb]) using a sentence-picture matching task. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the production of relative clauses using two elicitation tasks. Experiment 5 tested the comprehension of relative clauses with and without resumptive pronouns. As a group, the children with hearing loss failed to understand object relatives and OVS topicalization sentences. In the production tasks they either avoided producing a sentence with syntactic movement, by using a relative clauses with a resumptive pronoun instead of a gap or by producing a sentence without a relative clause, or produced ungrammatical sentences. They understood correctly object relatives with resumptive pronouns, which are not derived by movement. Both comprehension and production of the hearing-impaired group was significantly different from that of the hearing control group. Individual performance was strongly correlated with the age of intervention: only children who received hearing aids before the age of 8 months performed well in the comprehension tasks. Type of hearing aid, duration of use of a cochlear implant, and degree of hearing loss did not correlate with syntactic comprehension. 相似文献
2.
崔立斌 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,16(6):75-78
先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语跟名词作主语、宾语是不同的，先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语有四种不同情形：动词作主语、宾语；动词作主语、宾语后活用为名词；动词作主语、宾语时兼有名词性质；动词跟作主语、宾语的词是不同的单位。因此，先秦汉语动词的活用和兼类就少一些。 相似文献
3.
两个实验采用自定步速的实验范式,通过操纵动词偏好等信息,考察工作记忆容量的差异对第二语言（英语）句子加工中动词偏好信息利用的影响。实验结果表明,工作记忆的容量在一定程度上影响第二语言学习者动词偏好信息的利用,但是这种影响是有条件的,即影响只出现在句子加工对工作记忆要求相对较低时。 相似文献
4.
"把"字句是汉语中的重要句式之一。称其为"把"字句,是与它的词性、主语、谓语动词和宾语等方面密切相关,其中,谓语动词和宾语对"把"字句的成句限制尤大。 相似文献
5.
Language Impairment in Less Skilled Comprehenders: The On-Line Processing of Anaphoric Pronouns in a Listening Situation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this experiment, conducted with second-grade children (mean age: 7;8), was to examine the hypothesis that less
skilled comprehenders in a reading situation suffer an impairment in spoken language comprehension and, more specifically,
in the on-line processing of anaphoric pronouns. Skilled and less skilled comprehenders performed a cross-modal naming task
investigating the effects of pronoun gender and pragmatic inference from the verb on the integration of two successive sentences.
Results revealed different patterns of effects in the two groups. The skilled comprehenders integrated on-line sentences by
relying on pronoun gender and verb meaning. Pronoun gender appeared to exert a dominant influence relative to verb bias. In
the less skilled comprehenders, on-line integration was not systematic, being dependent on the meaning of the verb and the
proximity of the referent. Complementary analyses revealed similar patterns of effects among less skilled comprehenders, whether
they were good decoders or poor decoders. These results show that less skilled comprehenders are developmentally delayed compared
with their skilled peers, and extend the language impairment hypothesis to cover discourse-level processes. 相似文献
6.
This paper reports two studies that investigate differences in comprehension monitoring skills between good and poor comprehenders.
Two groups of 9– to 10-year-olds, who were matched for reading vocabulary and word recognition skills but who differed in
comprehension skill, were selected. In the first study, in which the children were required to find anomalous words and phrases,
the skilled comprehenders engaged in more accurate monitoring of sentence level anomalies (but not word level anomalies) than
did the poorer comprehenders. In the second study, the comprehension monitoring task required the children to detect pairs
of sentences, in short texts, that were contradictory. In addition, the working memory demands of the task were varied by
placing the two items of inconsistent information either in adjacent sentences, or in sentences that were separated in the
text by several others. As in the first study, less-skilled comprehenders performed more poorly on the detection task, but
the difference between the groups was considerably more pronounced when the sentences were separated than when they were adjacent.
In addition, the children were given a numerical working memory test, and the poorer comprehenders performed more poorly on
this test. However, although working memory performance was related to performance on some of the error detection tasks, comprehension
ability was also a good, and sometimes better, predictor. The results are discussed in terms of the different cognitive abilities
that might contribute to efficient comprehension monitoring. 相似文献
7.
存现句是处所词语作主语,全句表示什么地方存在、出现或消失了什么人或什么事物的句子.它是现代汉语中比较特殊的一种动词谓语句.存现句中的处所词语必须位于句首且作主语;存现句的处所词语前面可以有修饰成分;存现句中可以有几个处所词语;一般情况下,存现句中的处所词语不可缺少;存现句的处所词语前后有时有名词或人称代词出现. 相似文献
8.
邓晓正 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2012,(7):181-182
使动态句型是韩国语语法体系中最为复杂的内容之一。为了让高校韩国语专业学生更好地掌握使动态句型,在教学方法上应该先从系统句型知识的讲解入手,明确能动态句型、使动态句型、被动态句型在韩国语里各自的特征,然后再对使动态句型做出内部分析;接下来把使动句和主动句的"主语+自动词"、"主语+宾语+他动词"、"主语+形容词"三种基本句型分别对比讲解,重点落在助词、主语、宾语置换的问题上,最后再让学生熟记使动态词。 相似文献
9.
罗宇 《广东教育学院学报》2014,(2):74-79
作为话语标记和语气词的"算了",均从"算+了"的结构发展而来。"算+了"结构主要处于两种句法环境中,一类为名词性成分充当主语的单句,另一类为复句后一分句或紧缩复句的后件。前一类句型,经主语脱落,"算了"发展为话语标记;后一类句型中的紧缩复句前件变为凸显成分,成为单句结构,"算了"虚化为语气词。 相似文献
10.
董晓云 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,32(3):115-119
非指示性there在句法上与动词to be连用,表示有的意思。there为一虚词,无指示性,所以不作句子重音。语义上,there表明主语的物质位置,与英语的各种基本句型结构之间具有一种互动的转换关系,引出了在抽象的空间中存在的某人、某物或发生了某事。 相似文献
11.
We studied the performance in three genres of Chinese written composition (narration, exposition, and argumentation) of 158 grade 4, 5, and 6 poor Chinese text comprehenders compared with 156 good Chinese text comprehenders. We examined text comprehension and written composition relationship. Verbal working memory (verbal span working memory and operation span working memory) and different levels of linguistic tasks—morphological sensitivity (morphological compounding and morphological chain), sentence processing (syntax construction and syntax integrity), and text comprehension (narrative and expository texts)—were used to predict separately narrative, expository, and argumentation written compositions in these students. Grade for grade, the good text comprehenders outperformed the poor text comprehenders in all tasks, except for morphological chain. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed differential contribution of the tasks to different genres of writing. In particular, text comprehension made unique contribution to argumentation writing in the poor text comprehenders. Future studies should ask students to read and write parallel passages in the same genre for better comparison and incorporate both instructional and motivational variables. 相似文献
12.
王麦巧 《渭南师范学院学报》2011,26(1):30-34,38
可逆句根据动核的类型和名词在句中的语义成分可分为四类模型：以动作核为中心的可逆句、以经验核为中心的可逆句、以状态核为中心的可逆句、以关系核为中心的可逆句。按照陈平提出的充任主语和宾语的语义角色优先序列原则,参考各类可逆句充任主语和宾语的语义角色,总结可逆句主宾换位的原因。 相似文献
13.
Alice L. R. Spooner Susan E. Gathercole Alan D. Baddeley 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(2):173-193
Seven‐ and eight‐year‐old skilled and less‐skilled comprehenders were compared on a sentence recognition task in two conditions varying in memory load and retention interval. Integration of story information during comprehension was indexed by inflated recognition errors of foils that had been constructed by integrating information across original story sentences. Skilled comprehenders exhibited more accurate memory for sentences than less‐skilled comprehenders. However, the groups did not differ in the degree to which they integrated information with minimal memory demand, or in their tendency to integrate information and retain the integrated representations with increased memory demand. These results were interpreted as evidence that integration deficits do not lie at the root of reading comprehension difficulties in mainstream children. 相似文献
14.
本文采用 E-prime 编程,研究两组中国学习者英语代词的习得。结果发现学习者都在单子句中存在代词解读问题,误以为代词可以与约束域内做主语或宾语的名词短语共指, 但高中组在拒绝代词受宾语约束表现更好。在双子句中, 两组都能遵守约束理论原则 B, 正确地确定代词与约束域外的远程主语共指,专业组在拒绝代词受局部约束时显著地好于高中组。本文从母语迁移、 句子处理和结构平行性等角度对上述差异作了解释。 相似文献
15.
张劲秋 《安徽教育学院学报》2008,26(5)
<春秋经传集解>总括范围副词主要有"皆"等十五个,常用于动词谓语句,修饰动词;部分还可以用于形容词谓语句,名词谓语句.就其语义指向而言,多数可以前指主语,部分可以后指宾语,"皆""同""俱""备"等语义还可以指向上文的动词谓语.部分先秦常用总括范围副词在<集解>中已经消失,中古新的总括范围副词在<集解>中尚未出现. 相似文献
16.
White AH 《American annals of the deaf》2002,147(1):65-78
There are three major classes of verbs: intransitive, transitive, and linking. These three types of verbs can be divided into 13 semantic-syntactic subsets. Verbs within each subset give rise to sentences that have similar syntactic form, albeit a form distinct from that of sentences associated with other subsets. Preliminary research found that more than 90% of sentences written by children or for children contain verbs from 1 of the 13 verb subsets. The sentence form associated with each verb subset might be viewed as a "sentence template" that operationally defines a fixed set of 13 underlying semantic-syntactic relationships essential to communication. A strategy for assessing a child's knowledge of verbs from each subset is described. 相似文献
17.
周崇谦 《张家口职业技术学院学报》2007,20(2):48-50
对近代汉语被动句,先根据有无主语进行分类,分出“有主语被动句“和“无主语被动句“.然后根据受动者出现的次数,对有主语被动句作第二层次的分类,分出“受事一现被动句“和“受事二现被动句“;同时根据有无受动者,对无主语被动句作第二层次的分类,分出“有受事无主语被动句“和“无受事无主语被动句“.通过这么两次两层次的分类,近代汉语被动句的句式就形成了系统,具备了整体性、结构性、层次性、开放性. 相似文献
18.
Marcia A. Barnes Yusra Ahmed Amy Barth David J. Francis 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2015,19(4):253-272
The integration of knowledge during reading was tested in 1,109 secondary school students. Reading times for the second sentence in a pair (Jane’s headache went away) were compared in conditions where the first sentence was either causally or temporally related to the first sentence (Jane took an aspirin vs. Jane looked for an aspirin). Mixed-effects explanatory item response models revealed that at higher comprehension levels, sentences were read more quickly in the causal condition. There were no condition-related reading time differences at lower comprehension levels. This interaction held with comprehension- and inference-related factors (working memory, word and world knowledge, and word reading efficiency) in the models. Less skilled comprehenders have difficulty in knowledge-text integration processes that facilitate sentence processing during reading. 相似文献
19.
本文以语气动词“之”在句中的分布（句子的各种成分，复句上下分句的主谓之间，单句和主谓之间）为纲，以同一或不同古籍中与本句句式相同或相近而不用“之”的句子作为参照，进一步论述前组用在主谓之间的“之”字的词性及其语法作用。 相似文献
20.
“怀疑”的词义、宾语和句义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
韩蕾 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,27(1):35-38
“怀疑”一词的多义造成了“主语+怀疑+陈述小句宾语”的句义模糊。影响词义选择、句义理解的因素有两类焦点、概率和礼貌原则等。 相似文献