共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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数学问题解决中的模式识别的研究视角,可以分为基于数学解题认知过程与解题策略角度、基于"归类"的视角、基于数学问题解决中模式识别与其他因素的关系的视角等,具体研究领域涉及几何解题中的视觉模式识别、几何问题解决中的模式识别、解代数应用题的认知模式、数学建模中的模式识别等.由于在知觉领域与问题解决领域"模式识别"的表述存在一定的混乱性,将基于数学问题解决的模式识别界定为:当主体接触到数学问题后,与自己认知结构中的某数学问题图式相匹配的思维与认知过程.并进一步通过其与"归类"的区别与联系、与"化归"的区别与联系使"基于数学问题解决的模式识别"的概念得以澄清.在范围上,把问题解决中的模式识别界定为一种思维过程的阶段或者思维策略,认为它是解题的重要组成部分,但并不是解题的全部.对于未来的展望,期望系统的理论研究、期望对学生问题解决中模式识别的认知过程与机理的实质性的研究以及对学生问题解决中模式识别的教学实验研究. 相似文献
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作为数学教育任务的数学解题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
作为数学教育任务的数学解题与数学家的解题既有联系又有区别.它触及数学教育的3个基本矛盾,需要回答两个基本问题:怎样解题?怎样学会解题?解题理论建设成为一个独立分支有3个标志.解题研究已初步积累有题、解题、解题过程、解题程序、解题力量、解题方法、解题策略、数学问题解决的基本框架等成果.学会解题需要经历4个阶段:简单模仿、变式练习、自发领悟和自觉分析. 相似文献
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In this article we provide new evidence for mathematical problem-solving abilities of pre-school children. These problem-solving behaviours occurred in a study of sharing of discrete items by dealing, in which we examined the abilities of three categories of counters to solve a discrete re-distribution problem. We detail the problem solving strategies used in the context of sharing by dealing as a common action scheme of pre-school children in clinical interviews. 相似文献
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数学问题解决是儿童早期数学教育的基本目标。从数学问题解决的生态观来看,儿童早期数学问题解决具有显著的文化特征,其数学问题解决的过程是认知加工与情感态度交互作用的过程,也是一个知识提取与知识建构的共生过程,同时还是一个开放式的循环渐进过程。 相似文献
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将数学思维引入生物学的教学对学生综合素质的提高有很大的帮助。笔者从生物学教学中的一些重难点出发，引导学生用数学的方法解决学习过程中的一些难以理解的问题，极大地提高了学生的思维和解题能力。 相似文献
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文章阐述了当前数学教学中存在的问题,并从创设问题情景、发展直觉思维、揭示解题过程、挖掘思想方法方面提出和论述了培养学生数学问题解决能力的方法。 相似文献
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数学问题解决的实证研究述评 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
数学问题解决的心理学实证研究主要集中在数学应用问题、平面几何问题、解题中的迁移、解题中的元认知等方面。就目前的研究状况来看，存在研究选题面窄、研究层面较低、研究起点单一等问题。因而，开展深层次的研究，是数学解题心理研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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文章从数学解题的前提、核心和抓手三个方面剖析数学解题过程中的思维活动和心理变化,为数学解题思路的获得和教学提供思想上的指导. 相似文献
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"发散-收敛"思维模式在数学解题中应用很多.它的实质是由于多个条件交叉,造成解题困难;将条件分开考虑解决较易,再在分别求解的基础上进行综合,找到问题的解答. 相似文献
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The current study aimed to investigate children’s difficulties in word problem solving through assessing their ability to mathematize, or to identify the semantic role of the unknown from word problems. Fifth graders (n = 213) were given an advanced word problem reasoning task in which they had to match word problems with schematic diagrams that depict different processes (multiplication versus division) and the unknown being in different semantic roles (e.g., unit size, number of units, or total in an equal group problem). They were also tested on their mathematical problem solving as well as some potential confounding variables (i.e., intelligence and working memory) and mediators. The ability to identify the semantic role of the unknown was shown to be longitudinally predictive of children’s mathematical problem solving performance even after controlling for the effects of covariates and autoregressor. Such a relation was partially mediated by children’s ability to convert word problems into the correct number sentences/equations. The findings not only highlight the importance of unknown identification in mathematical problem solving process, but also provide a practical tool to assess such an ability. 相似文献
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When solving word problems, many children encounter difficulties in making sense of the information and integrate it into a meaningful schema. This is the fundamental phase on which subsequent problem solution depends. To better understand the processing underlying this fundamental phase, this study examined the roles of schema construction and knowledge of mathematical vocabularies in word problem solving. The participants were 139 Chinese third graders studying in Hong Kong. Path analysis showed that there were two kinds of pathways to word problem solving: language-related and number-related. In particular, reading fluency was related to word problem solving in two mediated language-related pathways: one via schema construction, the other via knowledge of mathematical vocabularies. In the number-related pathway, arithmetic concept was related to word problem solving via knowledge of mathematical vocabularies. These findings highlight the specific roles of schema construction and mathematical vocabulary in word problem solving, thereby providing useful implications of how best to support children in understanding and integrating the information from the problem. 相似文献
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创设数学情境是“情境-问题”教学的基础环节，“情境-问题”教学模式上主张以问题为“红线”组织教学活动，以学生作为提出问题的主体，教师在创设数学情境时，必须对学生的身心特点，知识水平，教学内容，教学目标，教学需要等因素进行综合考虑，“正弦定理”具有广泛的应用价值，在教学中，应从应用需要出发创设所适用的数学情境。 相似文献
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马晓丹 《天津市教科院学报》2021,(1):75-82
在过去的70年里,问题解决一直是我国数学教育领域的研究热点,其成果不仅影响着学生高层次思维的发展,还促进了积极的学习态度。基于问题解决的数学教育研究历程可分为三个阶段:初兴阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段。问题解决在不同阶段的名称反映了不同时期的价值追求。认知结构研究的抽象化、过程模型研究的多元化、策略研究的高度概括以及元认知研究的外显是数学问题解决研究的趋势。展望未来,关注同一情境中的不同结构、同一结构在不同情境间的迁移,为知识、技能向问题解决能力的转化匹配学习条件,加强数学问题解决的表现性评价研究是今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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论数学实验的数学方法论价值 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
数学实验是一种基本的数学方法,它广泛地应用于发现数学规律、检验数学命题、解决数学问题及应用数学成果等各方面,具有重要的数学方法论价值. 相似文献
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基于Polya"问题求解模式",得出"数学问题求解-提问-求解"模式,实验验证该模式的策略学习能够显著提高数学师范生问题解决能力。因此,建议教师在教学中注重"数学问题求解-提问-求解"模式的教学设计并加强针对数学师范生的问题提出策略教学技能训练。 相似文献
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This study investigated how metacognition appears as a socially shared phenomenon within collaborative mathematical word-problem solving processes of dyads of high-achieving pupils. Four dyads solved problems of different difficulty levels. The pupils were 10 years old. The problem-solving activities were videotaped and transcribed in terms of verbal and nonverbal behaviours as well as of turns taken in communication (N = 14 675). Episodes of socially shared metacognition were identified and their function and focus analysed. There were significantly more and longer episodes of socially shared metacognition in difficult as compared to moderately difficult and easy problems. Their function was to facilitate or inhibit activities and their focus was on the situation model of the problem or on mathematical operations. Metacognitive experiences were found to trigger socially shared metacognition. 相似文献
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在优化数学模型的过程中,变式思维贯穿始终.变式能够从不同视角把握问题的本质.模型的建立与求解是数学建模的核心阶段.在＂地面搜索模型＂的建立与求解过程中,变式发挥了非常重要的作用. 相似文献