共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACTWhat is the time course of activation of phonological information in logographic writing systems like Chinese, in which meaning is prioritized over sound? We used a manipulation of phonological regularity to examine foveal and parafoveal phonological processing of Chinese phonograms at lexical and sublexical levels during Chinese sentence reading in 2 eye-tracking experiments. In Experiment 1, using an error disruption task during silent reading, we observed foveal lexical phonological activation in second-pass reading. In Experiment 2, using the boundary paradigm, both parafoveal lexical and sublexical phonological preview benefits were found in first-fixation duration in oral reading, whereas only lexical phonological benefits were found in gaze duration during silent reading. Thus, phonological information had earlier and more pronounced parafoveal effects in oral reading, and these extended to sublexical processing. These results are compatible with the view that oral reading prioritizes parafoveal phonological processing in Chinese. 相似文献
2.
两个实验采用自定步速的实验范式,通过操纵动词偏好等信息,考察工作记忆容量的差异对第二语言（英语）句子加工中动词偏好信息利用的影响。实验结果表明,工作记忆的容量在一定程度上影响第二语言学习者动词偏好信息的利用,但是这种影响是有条件的,即影响只出现在句子加工对工作记忆要求相对较低时。 相似文献
3.
张金桥 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,(2):120-125
采用句子启动技术和词汇判断任务探讨了句子语境在外国留学生汉语词汇识别中的作用。结果表明,解释性语境和有语法标记解释性语境在留学生汉语词汇识别中发生促进作用;无语法标记解释性语境只有在高年级留学生的汉语词汇识别中才产生促进作用;与无语法标记解释性语境相比,无语法标记推理性语境更能促进留学生的汉语词汇识别;在低、中年级中,有语法标记推理性语境比有语法标记解释性语境更能促进其汉语词汇识别;语法标记在解释性语境对留学生汉语词汇的识别产生促进作用;语法标记在推理性语境只对低、中年级留学生汉语词汇识别有促进作用。 相似文献
4.
Min Wang Alida Anderson Chenxi Cheng Yoonjung Park Jennifer Thomson 《Reading and writing》2008,21(6):627-644
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between general auditory processing, Chinese tone processing, English
phonemic processing and English reading skill in a group of Chinese-English bilingual children with a tonal L1 and Korean-English
counterparts with a non-tonal L1. We found that general auditory processing contributed to variance in English word reading
skill for Chinese children after controlling for Chinese tone and English phoneme deletion skill. English phonemic processing,
on the other hand, explained a significant amount of unique variance in English reading for Korean children after controlling
for general auditory and Chinese tone skill. These findings suggest that Chinese children relied more on general auditory
processing in reading English, whereas Korean children relied more on phonemic skill in reading English. These findings are
discussed in terms of the impact of cross-language differences in bilingual reading acquisition. 相似文献
5.
BackgroundText illustrated by pictures (i.e., multimedia material) is often used to improve learning outcomes. To support learning, it is essential to understand and specify the ongoing cognitive processes when processing illustrated texts.AimsWe focus on three cognitive processes identified when processing non-illustrated texts: activation, integration, and validation. In three experiments, we investigated whether the three processes occur during the processing of illustrated texts and whether the processes differ between illustrated and non-illustrated texts.SamplesExperiment 1 had 170 participants, Experiment 2 had 221 participants, and Experiment 3 had 132 participants.MethodAll experiments used an adapted version of the contradiction paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants read texts that contained information that was consistent vs. inconsistent with a later sentence (target sentence). It was additionally varied whether a picture illustrated the consistent vs. inconsistent information. In Experiment 3, only the pictures were consistent or inconsistent with the target sentence. We measured reading times for the target sentence and the following sentence (spillover sentence).ResultsIn all three experiments, reading times were significantly longer in the inconsistent than in the consistent conditions. This prolongation of reading times was not affected by the picture in Experiments 1 and 2.ConclusionOur results indicate that activation, integration, and validation processes are similar when processing non-illustrated and illustrated texts (Experiments 1 and 2) and also occur when information is presented across text and picture (Experiment 3). We discuss the implications for the theoretical foundations of multimedia learning. 相似文献
6.
Jolyn Hersch 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(3):240-262
This research investigated whether spelling ability, an index of precise lexical representations, predicts the balance between bottom-up and top-down processing in online sentence processing among skilled readers, over and above contributions of reading ability, vocabulary, and working memory. The results showed that the combination of superior reading and spelling was associated with more accurate report of rapidly presented sentences and that spelling uniquely predicted reduced reliance on context to identify words. These findings support the lexical quality hypothesis by demonstrating that individual differences in the reading strategies used by skilled readers reflect differences in the precision of their lexical representations. 相似文献
7.
在中文信息处理中,句子相似度计算是一项基础而核心的研究课题,长期以来一直是人们研究的一个热点和难点.句子相似度计算在实际中有着广泛的应用,它的研究状况直接决定着其他一些相关领域的研究进展,如信息检索的相似句子匹配、自动问答的问题匹配与答案抽取等,句子相似度计算都是非常重要的环节.本文提出了一种基于依存关系匹配的句子相似度计算方法,利用词语内在概念和词语相互依存关系计算句子之间的相似度.结果表明,该算法能显著提高返回结果的准确率. 相似文献
8.
Sascha Schroeder 《Journal of Research in Reading》2013,36(2):186-201
Many low‐skill readers have problems with visual word recognition. In particular, low‐skill readers show a substantial nonword reading deficit that is attributed to deficits in sub‐lexical processing. In this study, I examined whether the nonword deficits of German 14‐year‐old low‐skill readers were associated with inefficient use of multi‐letter information. In a lexical‐decision experiment, words and nonwords were presented in standard format and in MiXeD cAsE format which has been shown to be especially disrupting for sub‐lexical processing. When the stimuli were presented in standard format, low‐skill readers showed a substantial nonword reading deficit, that is they were generally slower than high‐skill readers, but had special problems with decoding nonwords. However, when stimuli were presented in MiXeD cAsE, low‐ and high‐skill readers showed equal impairments in nonword processing. This finding indicates that low‐skill readers do not use context‐sensitive multi‐letter rules during phonological assembly in normal reading. 相似文献
9.
句子理解过程是对语音、词汇、句法、语义层面语言信息的整合加工过程。分段式、并行式和一体式模型争论的核心在于语言信息加工的时间进程和交互作用。根据已有实验推测：1)语言信息在句子加工中起作用的方向很 可能由其本身层次属性决定：句法信息作用方向可能向后,语义信息作用方向可能向前;2)语言信息在句子加工中起作用的强度也很有可能由其本身层次属性决定,但都还需进一步实验验证。语用层面信息加工过程的研究需要加强,实验材料为汉语的相关研究有待单独梳理。 相似文献
10.
本研究应用反应时测量,探究汉-英双语者心理词汇的结构和发展.被试为两组大学生,执行汉-英翻译判断任务.576组实验材料由拉丁方分配为四个词表,均包含翻译词对、词形干扰词对、语义干扰词对和无关词对.组间比较发现,只有语义干扰效应量有显著差异.组内比较显示,只有高水平组语义干扰大于词形干扰.结果提示,汉-英双语者心理词汇结... 相似文献
11.
句法和语义在留学生汉语简单句理解中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实验方法探讨了句法和语义在中级水平留学生汉语简单句加工中的作用特点。包括两个实验。实验1采用语法判断任务,发现句法作用是主要的;实验2采用施事判断任务,发现句法作用与语义可逆性的作用都很显著;两个实验都发现句法与语义可逆性之间的交互作用不显著。研究结果初步表明,句法因素在中级水平留学生汉语简单句理解的过程中起重要作用,句法分析是一个可以独立于语义的自主加工过程,本研究结果支持句法自主理论。 相似文献
12.
基于HNC的汉语词语知识库是HNC知识库系统的重要组成部分,它以句类知识为核心,从概念、语句和语境三个层面提供汉语理解处理所需的知识。经过10多年的建设,该库已达到80,000多词的规模,成为中文信息处理、汉语教学和汉语本体研究的宝贵资源。 相似文献
13.
宋培杰 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,39(4):187-190
网络语言是现代汉语在网络这一特殊语境下发生变异的结果,词汇变异作为网络语言的突出特点之一,包括了词形变异和词义变异,前者主要通过谐音、缩略、重叠、借用键盘符号等方式实现,后者则利用相似引申、词性转换、有意歪解等途径获得.现代汉语中的一些词之所以会在网络中发生变异,与交际语境的特殊性密切相关. 相似文献
14.
Chuchu Li Min Wang Joshua A. Davis Connie Qun Guan 《Journal of Research in Reading》2019,42(2):213-238
The present study investigated the representation and processing of segmental and tonal information in visual Chinese word recognition in native and non‐native Chinese readers. Two experiments using homophone judgement paradigm were conducted. When judging two Chinese characters (Experiment 1), both groups showed difficulties when the segmental but not tonal information was shared (i.e., S+T? condition), with stronger interference for non‐native readers. When judging a Pinyin and a Chinese character (Experiment 2), non‐native readers' S+T? disadvantage was significantly reduced. Finally, when their L1s share the Latin alphabets with Pinyin, the participants showed stronger segmental reliance compared with the native readers. These findings suggest that while both native and non‐native readers rely more on segmental information in Chinese visual word recognition, this reliance is stronger among non‐native readers. Furthermore, the alphabetic nature of the Pinyin orthography may help non‐native readers' phonological representation and processing in a nonalphabetic writing system. 相似文献
15.
潘田 《苏州教育学院学报》2013,(1):49-51
汉语丰富的语气副词是句子、语篇和语境情态高度词汇化的表现,其篇章、预设和推理功能使表达更为简洁。而与汉语语气副词相应的英语表达并不局限于词汇形式,英语另有重音、语法隐喻、情态名物化、介词短语、动词短语、特殊句式、篇章逻辑等多种形式。由此可知,汉语表现情态义的词汇比英语更丰富,而英语表现情态义的非词汇形式更为多样。 相似文献
16.
Yan-Ling Zhou Cathy Y.-C. Fong Terry T.-Y. Wong Sum Kwing Cheung 《Early education and development》2013,24(4):475-492
Research Findings: In this study, 88 kindergartners received special training in lexical compounding, homophone awareness, or phonological awareness or were assigned to a control condition over a period of approximately 2 months, with 20-min lessons administered twice per week. Chinese word reading improved significantly more in the lexical compounding group as compared to the other groups. Vocabulary knowledge also showed a trend toward improvement in this group (p < .08) and improved significantly in the homophone group. Although phonological awareness improved most in the phonological awareness training group, this group showed no reading or vocabulary improvements relative to the other groups. Practice or Policy: The results underscore the importance of morphological awareness training for both word reading and vocabulary knowledge in young Chinese children. 相似文献
17.
黄崎峰 《黄冈职业技术学院学报》2009,11(3):71-73
词汇作为文化内涵的载体,对英语学习者有着重大的意义。《汉英词典》作为综合性双语词典,除了具有信息功能外,还有交际和社会文化功能。以汉语文化内涵词的定义规则为例,探讨对译释义,解说释义以及语境释义法的差异性与互补性,并以一些错谬为例,指出《汉英词典》释义的一些局限性,旨在向汉英词典编纂者提出一些实用性建议,以便更好地为英语学习者排除语言与文化障碍。 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACTSpelling errors are typically thought of as an effect of a word’s weak orthographic representation in an individual mind. What if existence of spelling errors is a partial cause of effortful orthographic learning and word recognition? We selected words that had homophonic substandard spelling variants of varying frequency (e.g., innocent and inocent occur in 69% and 31% of occurrences of the word, respectively). Conventional spellings were presented for recognition either in context (Experiment 1, eye-tracking sentence reading) or in isolation (Experiment 2, lexical decision). Words elicited longer fixation durations and lexical decision latencies if there was more uncertainty (higher entropy) regarding which spelling is a preferred one. The inhibitory effect of frequency was not modulated by spelling or other reading skill. This finding is in line with theories of learning that predict spelling errors to weaken associations between conventional spellings and the word’s meaning. 相似文献
19.
杨耀 《长江工程职业技术学院学报》2002,19(1):41-43
根据汉语语法中句子的分类,归纳出各类句式对应的汉译英转换模式,并举出实例予以说明;然后在此基础上,针对学生汉译英中常见错误进行实例分析;最后,提出了改进汉译英教学的几点对策。 相似文献
20.
黄华 《成都教育学院学报》2011,(7):94-97
高职高专学生英语基础薄弱,英语主谓结构意识淡薄。他们在汉译英练习中经常直接按照汉语结构逐词地将汉语句子译成英文,忽略了英语的句式特点。汉英两种语言类型的差异、中学阶段重词法轻句法的教学策略以及长期以来他们作为＂差生＂的身份导致的学习信心的缺失是造成这一现象的原因。鉴于此,在汉译英练习中,教师需要引导学生主动构建一套从母语出发、逐步向目的语靠拢的三层中介语体系,以培养学生的英语主谓结构意识。 相似文献