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1.
1998-2011年海河流域植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
基于1998-2011年的SPOT/NDVI数据,结合海河流域土地覆盖数据分析了海河流域植被覆盖的时空变化特征,然后利用海河流域30个气象站的气温和降水资料对海河流域植被覆盖变化的气候驱动力进行了分析。结果表明:1998-2011年海河流域NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势,植被覆盖状况总体上在改善,但是在空间存在明显差异,其中农田、森林、湿地改善最为明显,植被明显改善区域与植被高波动区分布基本一致,植被覆盖基本不变区域与植被低波动区基本一致;海河流域植被覆盖变化受气候因子驱动的面积比例为31.7%,非气候因子驱动型分布于整个流域,占整个流域面积的68.3%,其分布地区土地覆盖类型主要是农田、建设用地,表明人类活动对植被变化的影响较大。  相似文献   

2.
气候系统中的陆-气相互作用长期以来已经得到广泛的关注,但是直到最近,区域尺度上土地覆盖/利用变化对气候影响的统计分析仍非常少,模拟研究中植被对气候变化响应的描述不足。本文系统研究了陆-气相互作用对区域气候的影响,尤其针对上面所提到的两个方面。通过对前期的植被覆盖状况和夏季降水的关系研究为植被覆盖变化对区域气候的影响提供了观测统计上的证据,并进一步分辨出中国北方过渡带可能是植被-大气相互作用的最敏感地区。通过比较观测站点和再分析资料的年代际趋势表明城市化和其他的土地利用变化对气候变暖产生了贡献,使中国东部的平均气温升高了0.12C/10yr。区域气候模拟还表明,中国北方过渡带及其附近地区的植被退化对表面气候和大气环流都带来了显著影响,它们的变化与观测的年代际异常以及我们统计分析的结果一致。暗含着地表退化可能是中国近几十年气候异常的重要原因之一。最后我们探讨了准确参数化植被和动态植被在区域气候模拟中的作用。  相似文献   

3.
南方丘陵山地带NDVI时空变化及其驱动因子分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王静  王克林  张明阳  段亚锋 《资源科学》2014,36(8):1712-1723
本文利用MODIS归一化植被指数(Normailized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据对南方丘陵山地带2000-2010年间植被覆盖的年际动态、季相变化和空间差异进行研究,并结合气象因子和土地利用/覆被数据分析植被覆盖变化的原因。研究表明:南方丘陵山地带植被NDVI值较高,属高植被覆盖区。2000-2010年间植被NDVI整体呈上升趋势,但并不显著(p=0.45)。从不同植被类型的季相变化来看,草地的变化幅度最大,其次为灌丛,森林植被变化幅度最小,生长峰值主要出现在8、9月份。植被覆盖变化存在显著的空间差异,封山育林、退耕还林还草生态恢复区和石漠化综合治理区的植被覆盖度显著提高,城镇化迅速发展区植被明显退化。植被覆盖变化是气候和人类活动共同作用的结果。植被覆盖年际变化与气候因子年际变化的相关系数区域分异比较明显。降水量对植被覆盖的影响主要表现在对植被生长年内变动的控制,大部分植被生长对降水存在1个月滞后现象。农业生产的提高、城市化进程的加速及生态建设的重视等人类活动是影响植被覆盖变化空间差异的另一重要因素。  相似文献   

4.
气候系统中的陆-气相互作用长期以来已经得到广泛的关注,但是直到最近,区域尺度上土地覆盖/利用变化对气候影响的统计事实分析仍非常少,模拟研究中植被对气候变化响应的描述不足.本文系统研究了陆-气相互作用对区域气候的影响,尤其针对上面所提到的两个方面.通过对前期的植被覆盖状况和夏季降水的关系研究为植被覆盖变化对区域气候的影响提供了观测统计上的证据,并进一步分辨出中国北方过渡带可能是植被-大气相互作用的最敏感地区.通过比较观测站点和再分析资料的年代际趋势表明城市化和其他的土地利用变化对气候变暖产生了贡献,使中国东部的平均气温升高了0.12 ℃/10 a.区域气候模拟还表明,中国北方过渡带及其附近地区的植被退化对表面气候和大气环流都带来了显著影响,它们的变化与观测的年代际异常以及我们统计分析的结果一致.表明地表退化可能是中国近几十年气候异常的重要原因之一.最后我们探讨了改进后的动态植被参数化方案在区域气候模拟中的作用.  相似文献   

5.
Trans-Pacific transport of enhanced ozone plumes has been mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion in Asia in spring, but less attention has been paid to vegetation fires in Asia. Here we show that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-modulated fires in Southeast Asia, rather than Asian fossil fuel plumes, dominate the interannual variability of springtime trans-Pacific transport of ozone across the entire North Pacific Ocean. During El Niño springs, the intensified fires from both the Indochinese Peninsula and Indonesia, together with large-scale circulation anomalies, result in enhanced ozone plumes that stretch over 15 000 km in both the lower-middle and upper troposphere. This enhancement is also observed in the in situ measurements of ozone concentration, with an almost 10% increase at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, a unique site to monitor the long-distance transport over the North Pacific. This study reports an unexpectedly strong influence of vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, on global tropospheric chemistry and proves once more how complex the interactions in the climate system are.  相似文献   

6.
索玉霞  王正兴  刘闯  于伯华 《资源科学》2009,31(8):1422-1429
本文利用1982年~2002年间AVHRR-NDVI数据和气候研究组(CRU)降水与气温数据,分析了中亚5国21年来NDVI年际与季节变化特征及其与气候因子的相关关系.结果表明:①在植被生长季,53%地区NDVI年变化率<±0.0005NDVI/a(无变化),40%地区NDVI年变化率>0.0005 NDVI/a(增加),6%地区NDVI年变化率<-0.0005 NDVI/a(下降):按照植被覆盖类型,除常绿林、高山草甸年均NDVI呈一定的上升趋势,变化率分别为0.0014 NDVI/a(P0.05=0.001),0.0009 NDVI/a(P0.05=0.001),落叶林、草原、作物、草原化荒漠NDVI没有显著变化(P0.05>0.05);②年均NDVI与降水、温度相关性分析结果表明,49.00%的地区年均NDVI与年降水量呈正相关,52.33%的地区NDVI与春季降水量正相关,33.69%的地区NDVI与夏季降水量正相关,70.00%的地区年均NDVI与各季气温弱相关,仅17.78%的地区年均NDVI与年均气温正相关;6种植被类型NDVI与降水、气温相关关系为,常绿林、高山草甸年均NDVI与年均气温分别低度、显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.432(P0.05=0.05)、0.557(P0.05=0.009);草原、作物与年降水量分别显著、低度正相关,相关系数分别为0.5111(P0.05=0.018)、0,476(P0.05=0.029);落叶林NDVI与夏、冬季降水量低度正相关,相关系教分别为0.415(P0.05=0.061)、0.461(P0.05=0.035);草原化荒漠NDVI与春季降水量正相关但不显著,相关系数为0.415(P0.05=0.061).  相似文献   

7.
Fluctuations in the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC), a zonally oriented overturning cell across the tropical Pacific, can cause widespread climatic and biogeochemical perturbations. It remains unknown how the PWC developed during the Cenozoic era, with its substantial changes in greenhouse gases and continental positions. Through a suite of coupled model simulations on tectonic timescales, we demonstrate that the PWC was ∼38° broader and ∼5% more intense during the Early Eocene relative to present. As the climate cooled from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, the width of the PWC shrank, accompanied by an increase in intensity that was tied to the enhanced Pacific zonal temperature gradient. However, the locations of the western and eastern branches behave differently from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, with the western edge remaining steady with time due to the relatively stable geography of the western tropical Pacific; the eastern edge migrates westward with time as the South American continent moves northwest. A transition occurs in the PWC between the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene, manifested by an eastward shift (both the western and eastern edges migrate eastward by >12°) and weakening (by ∼22%), which we show here is linked with the closure of the tropical seaways. Moreover, our results suggest that rising CO2 favors a weaker PWC under the same land-sea configurations, a robust feature across the large spread of Cenozoic climates considered here, supporting a weakening of the PWC in a warmer future.  相似文献   

8.
The India-Asia collision is an outstanding smoking gun in the study of continental collision dynamics. How and when the continental collision occurred remains a long-standing controversy. Here we present two new paleomagnetic data sets from rocks deposited on the distal part of the Indian passive margin, which indicate that the Tethyan Himalaya terrane was situated at a paleolatitude of ∼19.4°S at ∼75 Ma and moved rapidly northward to reach a paleolatitude of ∼13.7°N at ∼61 Ma. This implies that the Tethyan Himalaya terrane rifted from India after ∼75 Ma, generating the North India Sea. We document a new two-stage continental collision, first at ∼61 Ma between the Lhasa and Tethyan Himalaya terranes, and subsequently at ∼53−48 Ma between the Tethyan Himalaya terrane and India, diachronously closing the North India Sea from west to east. Our scenario matches the history of India-Asia convergence rates and reconciles multiple lines of geologic evidence for the collision.  相似文献   

9.
宫攀  唐华俊    陈仲新  张凤荣 《资源科学》2006,28(4):104-110
MODIS以其时间分辨率、光谱分辨率的优势成为全球及区域土地覆盖研究的主要数据源。但如何快速准确的提取所需土地覆盖信息一直是科学界研究的焦点问题。对于NDVI时序数列分类方面的研究很多,其中影响分类精度的一个重要因素就是NDVI的数据质量问题。本文通过试验发现经过SavizkyGolay滤波处理的NDVI时序数列能够反映植被季相变化特征,与传统的滤波效果相比有明显改善,更符合实际情况。通过分析数据的波谱曲线,滤波后的时序数列能较好的区分植被与非植被、草本(一年生)与木本(多年生)覆盖类型。但研究区内一年一熟的农作物与高盖度草地、落叶针叶林与落叶阔叶林具有相似的物候特征,仅通过NDVI序列很难区分。为解决这一问题,本研究利用MODIS地表温度(land surface temperature,LST)产品对NDVI时序数列修正,利用前5个主成分进行分类。所得分类结果用363个野外调查样区进行验证,总分类精度达到了69.15%,kappa系数为0.6499。结果表明添加LST的时序数列比单纯的NDVI夸大了覆盖类型的差异,提高了分类结果的精度。为充分发挥MODIS高时间分辨率的优势,下一步应对多源数据进行定量分析,结合植被的物候关键期识别土地覆盖类型,必将进一步提高分类精度。  相似文献   

10.
The uplift history of south-eastern Tibet is crucial to understanding processes driving the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas. Underpinning existing palaeoaltimetric studies has been regional mapping based in large part on biostratigraphy that assumes a Neogene modernization of the highly diverse, but threatened, Asian biota. Here, with new radiometric dating and newly collected plant-fossil archives, we quantify the surface height of part of the south-eastern margin of Tibet in the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma) to be ∼3 km and rising, possibly attaining its present elevation (3.9 km) in the early Oligocene. We also find that the Eocene–Oligocene transition in south-eastern Tibet witnessed leaf-size diminution and a floral composition change from sub-tropical/warm temperate to cool temperate, likely reflective of both uplift and secular climate change, and that, by the latest Eocene, floral modernization on Tibet had already taken place, implying modernization was deeply rooted in the Palaeogene.  相似文献   

11.
Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-N2O emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors (EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ∼15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ∼67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions (0.82 ± 0.34 Tg N yr–1) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling N2O emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.  相似文献   

12.
近12年来黄土高原植被覆盖对年内水热条件的响应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张翀  任志远  韦振锋 《资源科学》2013,35(10):2017-2023
基于1999-2010年SPOT-VEGETATION旬值NDVI数据,通过经改进的时滞偏相关等方法,并结合该地区降水量和气温数据,解释植被覆盖年内变化对气候要素的响应.结果表明: ①年内植被覆盖变化与气温的变化较为一致,气温较降水对年内植被生长影响强烈;②植被覆盖低、降水量小、气温低的地区与降水量的年内相关强,滞后时间集中于0旬~3旬;③植被覆盖与气温的年内相关程度不受降水量与气温空间分布的影响,滞后时间集中于2~3旬与8~9旬;④水热组合较好的植被覆盖高的地区,植被覆盖均对降水量与气温的年内响应敏感,相反则敏感程度降低,气温对黄土高原植被覆盖的年内影响占主导地位,农业生态区与山地森林生态区植被覆盖年内变化主要受气温的影响,降水影响不明显;⑤黄土高原西北部和西南部降水或气温的单独影响不利于植被生长,黄土高原西北部,环境干旱,植被稀疏,其植被覆盖与降水量的年内相关较强,但是植被生长相对于其他地区较为迟缓;黄土高原西部,植被覆盖与气温的年内相关程度相对不明显且迟缓.主要是由于黄土高原西北部和西部,降水或气温远低于黄土高原平均水平,而在单气候因素影响下植被生长会受到抑制造成的.  相似文献   

13.
The interplay between Pleistocene climatic variability and hominin adaptations to diverse terrestrial ecosystems is a key topic in human evolutionary studies. Early and Middle Pleistocene environmental change and its relation to hominin behavioural responses has been a subject of great interest in Africa and Europe, though little information is available for other key regions of the Old World, particularly from Eastern Asia. Here we examine key Early Pleistocene sites of the Nihewan Basin, in high-latitude northern China, dating between ∼1.4 and 1.0 million years ago (Ma). We compare stone-tool assemblages from three Early Pleistocene sites in the Nihewan Basin, including detailed assessment of stone-tool refitting sequences at the ∼1.1-Ma-old site of Cenjiawan. Increased toolmaking skills and technological innovations are evident in the Nihewan Basin at the onset of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition (MPT). Examination of the lithic technology of the Nihewan sites, together with an assessment of other key Palaeolithic sites of China, indicates that toolkits show increasing diversity at the outset of the MPT and in its aftermath. The overall evidence indicates the adaptive flexibility of early hominins to ecosystem changes since the MPT, though regional abandonments are also apparent in high latitudes, likely owing to cold and oscillating environmental conditions. The view presented here sharply contrasts with traditional arguments that stone-tool technologies of China are homogeneous and continuous over the course of the Early Pleistocene.  相似文献   

14.
黄河源区植被覆盖度对气温和降水的响应研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文基于1982-2006年NOAA/AVHRR NDVI和2000-2012年MODIS NDVI两种遥感植被数据以及同期站点的月平均气温和降水资料,通过对重叠观测时期的数据建立映射关系,对NOAA/AVHRR NDVI数据延长插补,分析黄河源区1982-2012年植被的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明,黄河源区植被覆盖度呈由东南向西北递减的分布格局;海拔在3 000m以下和4 500m以上地区植被覆盖度相对较差,3 000~4 500m地区植被覆盖度相对较好;植被覆盖度在时间变化上呈增加趋势,但在2000年出现突变点,2000年之后增加速率约为之前的2倍;植被覆盖在整体增加的背景下,也存在零星的退化现象,而在西部高海拔和北部较干旱的低植被覆盖度区域植被覆盖的增加仍存在着较大的年际波动,并不稳定;相对于降水,研究区的植被覆盖对气温变化的响应更为敏感,属于热量限制型生态区。  相似文献   

15.
澜沧江流域植被覆盖变化特征及其与气候因子的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李亚飞  刘高焕 《资源科学》2012,34(7):1214-1221
通过比较MODIS植被指数产品NDVI和EVI的差异,选择利用2000年-2009年的NDVI产品来分析澜沧江流域植被覆盖变化特征。分析了澜沧江流域NDVI的时间和空间变化规律,同时,研究了该流域NDVI与主要气候因子(气温、降水、相对湿度、日照时间)之间的相关关系。结果显示:从2000年到2009年的10年间,澜沧江流域的植被覆盖状况整体较好,年均NDVI都大于0.45,年际变化呈波动增加趋势,生态环境有改善的趋势。但流域平均NDVI季节性变化明显,呈典型的单峰分布,NDVI最低值在3月,5月份开始迅速上升,最高值在8月。NDVI在0.35至0.6之间波动。澜沧江流域月均NDVI与气温、降水量、相对湿度和日照时数关系密切,相关系数分别为0.619,0.691,0.801和-0.601,气温的升高有利于流域生态环境的改善。在空间上,流域平均NDVI表现出明显的纬度地带性特征,最高值出现在流域最南部,最低值出现在最北部。10年来NDVI值变小的区域集中在上游和下游,NDVI值变大的区域主要集中在中游。  相似文献   

16.
A novel microfluidic device which consists of two stages for particle focusing and separation using a viscoelastic fluid has been developed. A circular capillary tube was used for three-dimensional particle pre-alignment before the separation process, which was inserted in a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. Particles with diameters of 5 and 10 μm were focused at the centerline in the capillary tube, and the location of particles was initialized at the first bifurcation. Then, 5 and 10 μm particles were successfully separated in the expansion region based on size-dependent lateral migration, with ∼99% separation efficiency. The proposed device was further applied to separation of MCF-7 cells from leukocytes. Based on the cell size distribution, an approximate size cutoff for separation was determined to be 16 μm. At 200 μl/min, 94% of MCF-7 cells were separated with the purity of ∼97%. According to the trypan blue exclusion assay, high viability (∼90%) could be achieved for the separated MCF-7 cells. The use of a commercially available capillary tube enables the device to be highly versatile in dealing with particles in a wide size range by using capillary tubes with different inner diameters.  相似文献   

17.
基于MODIS的西藏高原土地覆盖分类研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
嵌的MODIS遥感图像,用最大似然估计分类器对西藏高原的土地覆盖类型进行了分类,并采用西藏高原数字高程模型(DEM)对MODIS分类结果进行了分析和改进,最后分别用混淆矩阵和图集中西藏高原植被分类汇总面积对MODIS土地覆盖分类结果进行了分类精度评价。结果表明:①MODIS遥感图像能够有效地分类出西藏高原的主要土地覆盖类型;②根据西藏高原植被的垂直带性分布特点,由DEM改进的MODIS土地覆盖分类精度明显提高,主要土地覆盖类型的面积绝对误差都小于2%,其中,河流与湖泊、森林、高寒荒漠、作物和山地草原的绝对误差都在1%以下;③混淆矩阵分析的平均分类精度为87.68%。  相似文献   

18.
 笔者分别对亚洲东北部楚科奇与北美西北部阿拉斯加(周白令海峡)北极冻原之间,亚洲东部 长白山与北美西部落基山(跨太平洋)高山冻原之间,以及亚洲东部高山冻原与其北极冻原之间和北美 西部高山冻原与其北极冻原之间的植物区系进行了对比研究。通过研究认为:(1)楚科奇与阿拉斯加 北极冻原应当区划为同一个植物区系省,即白令北极冻原植物区系省。白令北极冻原植物区系的存 在至少可以追溯到距今18000年前的更新世末次冰期。(2)长白山与落基山高山冻原植物区系之间 存在着密切的联系,它们之间有42个共有种(仅包括维管植物,以下同),其中有41种亦分布于白令 北极冻原,这种区系联系显然是在冰期通过白令陆桥来实现的。(3)长白山高山冻原与楚科奇北极冻 原之间的共有种占长白山高山冻原总种数的42%,落基山高山冻原与阿拉斯加北极冻原之间的共有种 占落基山高山冻原总种数的48.9%。  由此可见,亚洲东部和北美西部的高山冻原与北极冻原(尤其是与白令北极冻原)植物区系之间存在着紧密的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

19.
徐浩杰  杨太保 《资源科学》2013,35(10):2024-2031
以2000-2010年MODIS NPP数据为基础,并结合该区同期气温和降水量数据,采用趋势分析和偏相关分析法研究了黄河源区植被NPP年累积量(aNPP)时空变化特征及影响因素.结果表明: 受水热条件和植被类型分布的地带性规律影响,黄河源区植被aNPP呈由东南向西北逐渐递减趋势.常绿针叶林aNPP最高,高寒草原aNPP最低.2000-2010年黄河源区植被aNPP呈显著增加趋势,线性增长率为3.64gC/(m2·a),其中高寒沼泽、常绿针叶林、高寒草甸和高寒草原aNPP的增长率分别为4.47gC/(m2·a)、4.08gC/(m2·a)、3.61ggC/(m2·a)和3.53gC/(m2·a).植被aNPP显著增加区域占研究区面积的46.67%,并主要分布在黄河源区中下游的河谷地带.植被aNPP显著减少区域仅占研究区面积的0.03%,在空间上呈零星分布.植被aNPP与6-9月平均气温和6-7月降水量呈显著正相关性.植被aNPP与温度呈极显著正相关和显著正相关的区域分别占研究区面积的58.53%和18.36%,并主要分布在黄河源区西部、中部和东南部.植被aNPP与降水量呈极显著正相关和显著正相关的区域分别占研究区面积的3.87%和11.27%,并主要分布在黄河区北部.气候的暖湿化是导致黄河源区植被aNPP增加的主要原因.  相似文献   

20.
沉积物保留是保证生态系统健康运转所必需的基础功能之一。准确计算流域沉积物的保留量,开展水土保持效益评估,对于黄土高原水土保持、土地利用结构调整、退耕还林、生态补偿及水库管理等方面具有重要的实际应用价值。本文以陕西省黄河支流无定河源头营盘山库区为例,基于Arc GIS10平台,运用In VEST的沉积物保留模型,定量估算了2013年营盘山库区沉积物保留量及2013-2070年内沉积物保留价值,同时对不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性进行了评价。结果表明:2013年营盘山库区的沉积物保留总量为493.43万t;2013-2070年流域的沉积物保留总价值达到1.29亿元;库区东西侧沉积物保留价值差别很大,这与流域内部地形地貌、土地利用方式、生态系统类型、植被覆盖情况、土壤理化性质、气候等因子密切相关,前4个因子起主导作用;不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性依次为稀疏草地稀疏灌木林旱地落叶阔叶林水域居民地裸地。  相似文献   

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