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1.
采用阳离子掺杂方法制备了Mg:Er:Yb:LiNbO3晶体,获得了光折变效率高和不影响其它性能的激光晶体.为了探究铌酸锂晶体的微观结构对光学性质的影响,测量了Mg:Er:Yb:LiNbO3晶体的折射率和晶格常数.分析了晶格常数变化的因素和寻常光折射率、非常光折射率变化的因素,这两种性质与Er3 /Yb3 成分的关系不是完全单调变化的,在晶体中,Er3 /Yb3 浓度在1.1—1.2mol%范围内时观察到异常变化.给出了铌酸锂晶体结构对折射率影响的关系,Er3 /Yb3 掺杂LiNbO3晶体的两个主折射率随晶格畸变ca增大而增大.Er3 /Yb3 双掺杂对折射率和晶格常数的变化行为可以用稀土离子浓度影响锂空位浓度和稀土离子在晶体内的位置来解释.  相似文献   

2.
Commentary:     
The author comments on a number of the perspectives contained in the paper by Webb, Widseth, and Ramirez. He argues for conceptualizing campus consultations in the context of the following elements: continuity, clarity, comprehensiveness, credibility, collarboration, cooperation, coordination, comprehension, and collegiality. The author offers some examples of how to function in a constructive consultative role that addresses the health and welfare of campus student life.  相似文献   

3.
The history of the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services as part of a global effort to promote normal birth is described. The principles underlying the Mother-Friendly Childbirth Initiative are presented, the Ten Steps of Mother-Friendly Care are identified, and the evidence basis for the Ten Steps is introduced.  相似文献   

4.
Humor:     
The use of Humor is often neglected and underutilized in counseling. The literature indicates that humor is indeed a powerful and versatile therapeutic tool. This article investigates the use of humor in counseling with college students. The authors highlight aspects of the therapeutic process in which they feel humor can be used effectively: initial problem exploration, decatastrophizing the situation, relationship building, breaking down barriers, reframing, and fostering insight.  相似文献   

5.
Suicide:     
The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for training the residence hall RA as a suicide interventionist. It is important that the RA have the necessary information and skills to recognize, evaluate and refer students who are at risk for taking their own lives. In addition, this article discusses what the RA must known in order to assist the survivors of unsuccessful suicide attempts or those who are left after a completed suicide. As an itnerventionist, the RA is not a counselor or therapist but someone who is able to assist the suicidal student in securing professional assistance and being of support during the process of therapy.  相似文献   

6.
The Classical Investigation, conducted from 1921 to 1924 by the American Classical League, remains the largest study of the teaching and learning of Latin and Greek performed in US schools. The recommendations that emerged from the Classical Investigation placed less stress on the claims of mental discipline and more stress on the value of classical study for the improvement of study habits and of facility with other languages, especially English. Yet the Classical Investigation also called for a turn toward a disciplinary purity conducive to a cultural reality that demanded high rates of literacy in Latin, a reality that had passed two centuries earlier. The Classical Investigation can be understood as an attempt to co‐opt progressive commitments to educational ‘science’, as a manifestation of social efficiency–social control ideology, and an effort on the part of educational traditionalists to preserve Latin as a source of class status and identity.  相似文献   

7.
Part II of “Reclaiming Kindergarten” continues the discussion related to responding to the crisis in today’s kindergarten. In Part II, two policy questions are posed, the answers to which seek to respond to this continuing crisis. The questions center on issues related to engaging families in kindergarten and the need to consider a new early childhood paradigm where kindergarten is part of a continuous and seamless educational experience spanning prekindergarten through third grade. As in Part I, examples of classroom practice are used to illustrate the effective implementation of these principles in a kindergarten classroom.  相似文献   

8.
This introductory article establishes the foundation for a special issue of the American Annals of the Deaf on teacher action research. The authors first introduce the definition of the teacher-as-researcher model, formally known as teacher action research. Four elements of teacher action research are discussed in detail: cyclical, systematic, reflective, and collaborative. Next, the history of teacher action research is discussed. Subsequently, the multi-paradigmatic and multimethodological nature of teacher action research is proposed. Finally, as a means of guiding readers, the scope of the special issue is described. The introduction concludes with the suggestion that in-service and preservice teachers integrate theory into practice and engage in systematic inquiry into their own practice to develop the mindset necessary to cope with the pedagogical challenges they face on a daily basis.  相似文献   

9.
The recent conference sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau on "scientific Perspectives on School Readiness" provided an opportunity to assist in the continuing process of integrating applied research and practice with respect to our knowledge base on early educational experiences. Some of the issues raised by one of the symposia dealing with intervention and measurement at that conference are presented. Next, those issues will be highlighted in a discussion of one early education program begun as a research and demonstration effort sponsored in part by Maternal and Child Health Bureau. That project has moved into a statewide program for ethnic Hawaiian children in Hawaii.  相似文献   

10.
Another Voice:     
The college psychotherapy service presents an opportunity and a dnager for a psychotherapist to speak in several "distinguishable voices." When a student comes to the psychotherapy service in crisis and feelings of helplessness, we respond with professionally trained empathy and care. Recalling Dr. Gerald Caplan's "Principles of Preventive Psychiatry," we must be sure to emphasize the voice of primary prevention through health education and programs for high risk groups.  相似文献   

11.
The recent conference sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau on "scientific Perspectives on School Readiness" provided an opportunity to assist in the continuing process of integrating applied research and practice with respect to our knowledge base on early educational experiences. Some of the issues raised by one of the symposia dealing with intervention and measurement at that conference are presented. Next, those issues will be highlighted in a discussion of one early education program begun as a research and demonstration effort sponsored in part by Maternal and Child Health Bureau. That project has moved into a statewide program for ethnic Hawaiian children in Hawaii.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Pupils learned a German vocabulary task either working in pairs or working alone. Those working in pairs could either assume a teacher role, a pupil role, or alternate these roles. The time taken to undertake the task was measured and achievement was appraised by means of an achievement test. Thus it was possible to estimate the amount of learning per unit of time. The latter is a measure of efficiency of learning. Those who worked alone tended to learn more per unit of time than those who worked in pairs. Subjects showed an increase in efficiency from the fourth to the sixth grade.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of and clinical experience with college students who make suicide attempts converge upon a glaring conclusion: that suicidal students are now paying a high price for experimentation with alcohol and other intoxicating substances. A significant proportion of suicidal students are abusers of psychoactive substances. Their numbers may be small in terms of total college and university populations, but their personal sacrifice and group impact is great. The first section of this chapter reviews the epidemiology of college student suicide and substance use disorder. One objective of the review is to help college clinicians and administrators examine the suicide-substance use relationship from multiple frames of reference. Data from a new survey of the relationship between substance use and suicidality in students are presented. The second section introduces selected issues on the important topic of substance use and suicide prevention. The third section deals with specific clinical aspects of the student with suicidal thinking and the therapy of the post-suicide attempter who uses or has intoxicating substances.  相似文献   

14.
The sexual abuse of children is receiving increased attention, and the counseling of adult survivors of a childhood incest experience continues to grow. This paper applies a conceptual framework representing women's experiences using the metaphor of voice to structure a group therapy process. The purpose of the group, formation of collaborative relationships among members and therapists, plus procedures and interventions, reveal the nature of the group process. Data from college women incest survivors illuminate the process of change, noting family messages, the presence of an inner and outer voice, and the integration of the two voices.  相似文献   

15.
This paper presents a sociocultural analysis of the present epidemic of bulimia on college campuses. It is suggested that the psychological stresses underlying bulimia derive from a historical change in the social demands and expections contronting women. Weight control and the obsessive drive for thinness are seen as the symptomatic efforts to manage these stresses and achieve some measure of control. The social dynamics of bulimia are also analyzed, particularly the role of imitation and social learning in the spread of the symptom, as well as the response of others to bulimic symptomatology. Finally, it is suggested that bringing and vomiting have become almost a normal social practice in certain group situations, raising the possibility that the behavior has become a kind of ritual activity. The social implications of this interpretation are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Ti、Al和C粉的燃烧合成实验结果表明,在Ti:Al:C=2:2:1体系中,添加TiC≤10wt.％时,燃烧产物中Ti3AlC2的含量与未添加TiC的相比,有大幅度增加;添加TiC≥20wt.％时,燃烧产物中Ti3AlC2的含量略有减少,而TiC的含量增多.从燃烧温度的角度探讨了TiC对燃烧合成产物相组成的影响.  相似文献   

17.
The declining number of university age students, and decreases in state and federal funding for higher education contributed to the need for many institutions of higher education to create and maintain a distinctive image (a niche) in the marketplace. New trends already evident, as higher education copes with these changes, include the increasing use of advertising, promotion and other strategic marketing tools which are applied to position or reposition institutions. This article investigates the formation of university images by applying information processing theories in relation to consumer decision-making. The study takes the perspective reflecting interests of students whose major concern is their employability after graduation. It examines the number of attributes on which graduates are evaluated, composition of these attributes, the method of attribute processing, and the effect of the university overall image on the evaluation of its graduates.  相似文献   

18.
分析国家赔偿的理论基础,对于研究国家赔偿的归责原则及赔偿范围具有重要价值意义。市民社会的形成为国家赔偿提供了理论可能,宪政法治国家的建立,为国家赔偿打下了现实的基础。国家赔偿是伴随着各种对国家赔偿的理论解释的完善而逐渐完善的。根据价值取向对各种理论解释进行必要的分类梳理和评价,有助于更加全面地了解和掌握国家赔偿的理论基础。  相似文献   

19.
The prereading and reading performance of a group of 370 predominantly Hispanic, bilingual public school children was followed for six years. The aim of the study was to compare the factorial make-up and predictive validity of tests used in the current research with findings from a previous study. The early study had followed the children from the end of their kindergarten year until the end of second grade. For purposes of the present study a 13-test predictor battery was administered to the children at the beginning of their first-grade year. This battery included a number of measures used in the early study, among them a 5-test Screening Index developed in the course of that study. Records were obtained of the follow-up children’s 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grade reading test scores. Factor analysis of the pool of 13 predictor tests showed a two-cluster battery structure. These clusters closely resembled two of the four factors defined in the early study. As used with the group of bilingual children, the Screening Index misclassified many of the failing readers, as well as others who went ahead to read at grade level. The Screening Index quite accurately identified, across grades, children who eventually read well. A number of predictor tests administered at beginning of first grade continued to show significant correlations with reading at all grade levels. The consistent contribution of the predictor tests with reading points to their continuing usefulness as a point of departure for assessing children’s readiness to read. The investigation was conducted by the staff of the de Hirsch-Robinson Reading Clinic, Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. The work has been supported by generous grants from a number of private donors, among them The Beinecke Foundation, The Morgan Family Fund, The Lita Annenberg-Hazen Charitable Trust, Mr. Seymour Milstein of the Milstein Family Foundation, and Mrs. William Carey.  相似文献   

20.
‘Inclusion’ has become a central topic in the field of education. The idea that all children should attending regular schools has been increasingly discussed following the UN Convention, which came into force in Germany in 2009. This article highlights the central dimensions of the on-going discussions on inclusion in education. First, the tension between inclusion as a global and inclusion as a regional concept as well as the tension between the understanding of inclusion in a narrow and broader sense will be discussed. The different areas of discussion emphasize the complexity of this topic. Second the central challenges that are associated with inclusive schooling and curriculum development in inclusive schools will be discussed on the basis of current research findings. Lastly, the importance of attitudes of teachers dealing with inclusion will be highlighted. The article comes to the conclusion that research on and the implementation of inclusive education must take into account the complexity inherent in the circular pattern of causal factors in the field of education.  相似文献   

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