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人们称加拿大为“冰球之乡”,这不仅因为加拿大是现代冰球的发源地,还因为冰球是加拿大人民最喜爱的一项体育运动。在过去的几十年中,加拿大曾培育出不少出类拔萃的冰球运动员。在加拿大冰球坛上,可真是人材辈出,新秀崛起。不久之前,又出现了一颗璀璨的明星——威纳·格雷茨基。在过去六十五年的冰球史上,加拿大仅有两名 相似文献
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日本的六支企业性冰球专业队伍中均有外国冰球运动员参加,今年日本古河电工队也增添了两名外国冰球运动选手.到目前为止,日本冰球专业队伍各队中都有两名外国运动员参加,总共有十二名包括:加拿大、美国、苏联、芬兰等四个冰球强国的冰球运动员(见附表).日本允许招聘外国冰球运动员参加各代表队,这个措施将对日本冰球运动产生很大影响,起到促进作用. 相似文献
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当前,世界各冰球强国,都非常重视冰球运动员的选材问题。过去,靠经济的发达,人工制冷冰场的数量,对技术、战术的研究和先进的训练方法,而取得优异成绩的作法,已经不再能够保持名列前茅了。现在,加拿大、苏联、瑞典等国家的教练员,生理学家,心理学家,已经对各年龄组的冰球运动员选材问题,进行大量的研究和讨论。而我国的冰球教练员对冰球运动员的选材问题,还没有进一步系统的研究和认真的总结。特别是对青少年冰球运动员的选材问题,研究的不够,并且意见也不大一致。为了促进对于少年儿童冰球运动员选材的科研工作,我们查阅了 相似文献
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加拿大业余冰球协会派来我国讲学的凯姆·凯南和布加南教练于1981年2月13日至3月4日为国家青年冰球集训队进行了为期三周的训练。通过训练,使我们对加拿大冰球运动训练体系的某些特点和我国冰球运动训练工作中存在的差距有了一些新的体会和收获。国家青年冰球集训队23名运动员是由加拿大两位教练通过1981年全国冰球甲级联赛第一阶段比赛观察选拨出来的,其中守门员3名,后卫8名,前锋12名,平均年龄19岁,平均身高17.96厘米。这次集训正是1981年世界冰球“C”组锦标赛前夕,重点是配合国家队赛前训练,突出抓以防守为主的技战术训练,共 相似文献
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世界冰球运动迅猛发展,要求运动员具有良好的全面身体素质.搞好夏季的身体素质训练是十分重要的.加拿大、苏联、瑞典、捷克等国的冰球运动居世界先进行列.由于重视全面身体素质的训练,他们的运动员具有很强的竞技能力.每个国家的冰球运动一年中都有自己独特的比赛和训练内容.一般来说,赛季从八月末至翌年的四月结束,然后就要考虑全年的训练了.一般把运动员全年训练划分为四个阶 相似文献
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本文就如何提高冰球运动员的有氧与无氧代谢能力进行了研究,并提出了在训练中提高冰球运动员有氧与无氧代谢能力的一些建议,仅供冰球运动训练界参考. 相似文献
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目前,女子冰球发展较为迅速,技战术也越趋男子化,因此提高运动员的个人对抗能力是取得比赛胜利的关键。通过中国女子冰球运动员进行有针对性的速力训练和辅助训练器材的改革以及加强培养运动员的对抗、反对抗的心理意识,使我国女子冰球运动员的对抗能力在短期内得以提高。 相似文献
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Mustafa Söğüt 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(22):2149-2152
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the gross motor coordination performance levels of junior tennis players and (2) to analyse the effects of age and gender. Participants were junior male (n = 50) and female (n = 51) tennis players aged 6–14. Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the gross motor coordination of the participants. Results revealed that none of the participants performed lower than normal level in motor coordination. Besides, 40.6% of the participants performed above normal level. No gender differences were found on all subtests of KTK and also on total motor quotient. Although older players performed better on each test than their younger counterparts for the raw scores, no significant age effect was observed on motor quotient scores among different age groups. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Studies in several sports have shown the benefits of adapting the playing environment to fit junior players. Frequently the changes are pragmatic choices based on space constraints or existing line markings, or the result of simple scaling based on stature. In this study, a method of scaling the cricket pitch length is presented which is based on the age-specific size and performance of the bowlers and batters. The objective was a pitch length which enabled young bowlers to bowl good length deliveries while releasing the ball at a more downward angle, similar to elite bowlers. The steeper release angle has the benefit of reducing the sensitivity of the ball flight distance to the variability of ball release. Based on data from county standard under-10 and under-11 players a pitch length of 16.22 yards (14.83 m) was calculated, 19% shorter than previously recommended for under-11s in England. A shorter pitch also increases the temporal challenge for batters, encouraging a wider variety of shots and improved anticipation skills. Pitch lengths scaled in this way to fit the players’ abilities as they develop will enable a more consistent ball release by bowlers and more consistent temporal demand for batters. 相似文献
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Gillian K. Myburgh Sean P. Cumming Manuel Coelho E Silva Karl Cooke Robert M. Malina 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1957-1964
Growth and maturation impact the selection, development and progression of youth athletes. Individual differences in the growth and maturity may afford a performance advantage, clouding coaches and practitioners’ perceptions regarding current ability and future potential. This may result in the exclusion of talented, yet less physically gifted athletes. Participants were 91 male (n = 47) and female (n = 44) elite British Junior tennis players, 8–17 years of age (12.5 ± 1.9 years). Height and body mass were measured and compared to growth charts; hand-wrist radiographs were taken. Skeletal age (SA) was estimated with the Fels method and contrasted to chronological age (CA). Mean height and body mass of individual players ranged between the 50th and 90th centiles for age and sex. Females were advanced in SA relative to CA (0.3–0.89 years.) from 8 years. Males were average to delayed in maturation from 8 to 12 years, but advanced in SA from 14 to 16 years (0.75–1.23 years). Individual differences in growth and maturation appear to contribute towards the selection of elite junior tennis players, with a bias towards males and females who are advanced in maturation and comparatively tall and heavy for their age. This has important implications for talent identification and development. 相似文献
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本文对江苏少体校甲组男篮运动员与普遍中学生的16PF均值进行对比检验,发现两者个性特征的诸因素存在差异,井通过江苏少体校运动员中主力队员与一般队员个性特征的差异,说明个性特征与运动能力的关系,为少体校运动员的选材及培养提供心理学依据。 相似文献
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Carl T. Woods Annette J. Raynor Lyndell Bruce Zane McDonald 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):342-347
This study examined if a video decision-making task could discriminate talent-identified junior Australian football players from their non-talent-identified counterparts. Participants were recruited from the 2013 under 18 (U18) West Australian Football League competition and classified into two groups: talent-identified (State U18 Academy representatives; n = 25; 17.8 ± 0.5 years) and non-talent-identified (non-State U18 Academy selection; n = 25; 17.3 ± 0.6 years). Participants completed a video decision-making task consisting of 26 clips sourced from the Australian Football League game-day footage, recording responses on a sheet provided. A score of “1” was given for correct and “0” for incorrect responses, with the participants total score used as the criterion value. One-way analysis of variance tested the main effect of “status” on the task criterion, whilst a bootstrapped receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the discriminant ability of the task. An area under the curve (AUC) of 1 (100%) represented perfect discrimination. Between-group differences were evident (P < 0.05) and the ROC curve was maximised with a score of 15.5/26 (60%) (AUC = 89.0%), correctly classifying 92% and 76% of the talent-identified and non-talent-identified participants, respectively. Future research should investigate the mechanisms leading to the superior decision-making observed in the talent-identified group. 相似文献
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统计分析结果显示,视动侧滑步、全身选择反应时和年龄是影响青少年女篮运动员短距离防守视动速度的主要因素;本文的回归方程为定量性地评价、检查防守视动速度提供了较好的方法。 相似文献
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Carl T. Woods Ian McKeown Gregory G. Haff Sam Robertson 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(13):1260-1265
This study compared the athletic movement skill between elite Under-18 (U18) Australian football (AF) and senior Australian Football League (AFL) players. The U18 sample (n = 13; 17.7 ± 0.6 years) were representatives of an elite talent development programme. The AFL players were classified accordingly; Group 1 (1–4 AFL seasons; n = 20; 21.2 ± 1.9 years) and Group 2 (>5 AFL seasons; n = 14; 26.3 ± 2.6 years). Participants performed an athletic movement skill assessment, inclusive of five foundational movements. Each movement was scored across three assessment points using a three-point scale. Total score for each movement (maximum of nine) and overall score (maximum of 63) were used as criteria. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the effect of developmental group (three levels) on the criteria. Receiver operating curves were built to examine the discriminant capability of the overall score. A significant effect of developmental group was noted, with the U18 sample having a lower mean total score for four of the five movements. Overall scores of 49/63 and 50/63 discriminated the elite U18 sample from Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. U18 players may have less developed athletic movement skills when compared to their senior AFL counterparts. 相似文献
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To determine gender differences, positional differences, and patterns of change in the performance of the basketball line-drill test, 93 male (mean age 16.8 years, s = 1.1) and 95 female (mean age 16.5 years, s = 1.0) basketball players undertook 516 line-drill tests over a 5-year period. Log-transformed performance times were analysed using a mixed model that included quadratic within-participant fixed effects for time in the season and time in the programme. Changes and differences were standardized for interpretation of magnitudes. Mean performance times were 28.0 s (s = 1.3) for males and 30.4 s (s = 1.3) for females. The mean pattern of change in performance within a season differed substantially between the sexes and playing positions: male guards and female centres showed moderate to very large improvements mid-season of 1.1% and 3.5% respectively (90% confidence limits +/-2.1% and +/-3.0%), while female guards and male forwards showed large to very large decrements of -1.6% (+/-2.6%) and -2.4% (+/-2.0%). Over 3 years, males improved performance across all three playing positions by 1.4% (+/-1.3%) and females by 2.9% (+/-1.4%). Males improved performance by 0.2% (+/-0.5%) per year, whereas the performance of females deteriorated by 0.6% (+/-0.4%) per year. The differing patterns of performance change presumably reflect variations in training and competition loads, with short-term fluctuations in performance being managed to promote longer-term improvements. 相似文献
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Jacobien H.F. Oosterhoff Vincent Gouttebarge Maarten Moen J. Bart Staal Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs Johannes L. Tol 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):131-137
The objective was to systematically review the literature on risk factors and prevention programs for musculoskeletal injuries among tennis players. PubmedMedline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, SportDiscus were searched up to February 2017. Experts in clinical and epidemiological medicine were contacted to obtain additional studies.
For risk factors, prospective cohort studies (n > 20) with a statistical analysis for injured and non-injured players were included and studies with a RCT design for prevention programs. Downs&Black checklist was assessed for risk of bias for risk factors. From a total of 4067 articles, five articles met our inclusion criteria for risk factors. No studies on effectiveness of prevention programs were identified. Quality of studies included varied from fair to excellent.
Best evidence synthesis revealed moderate evidence for previous injury regardless of body location in general and fewer years of tennis experience for the occurrence of upper extremity injuries. Moderate evidence was found for lower back injuries, a previous back injury, playing >6hours/week and low lateral flexion of the neck for risk factors. Limited evidence was found for male gender as a risk factor.
The risk factors identified can assist clinicians in developing prevention-strategies. Further studies should focus on risk factor evaluation in recreational adult tennis players. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an official basketball match on repeated sprint ability indices in male junior players. Ten (16 ± 1 years old; 183.6 ± 7.0 cm; 76.6 ± 8.0 kg) starting players for their teams performed three repeated sprint ability tests, before, at half-time and immediately after an official match. Each repeated sprint ability test consisted of 10 shuttle-run sprints of 30 m (15 + 15 m) separated by 30 seconds of passive recovery. The matches were video-taped to determine the frequency of eight types of movement patterns, and blood lactate concentration was measured before and immediately after each repeated sprint ability test. Differences in total time, ideal time and percentage decrement between tests was assessed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, while a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to identify differences in blood lactate concentration. The main results indicated a significant decrease in total movement frequency (-9.9%), high-intensity activity frequency (-13.3%), run frequency (-13.0%) and sprint frequency (-23.3%) in the second compared to the first half, and significantly worse total time and ideal time at the end of the match, compared to the start and half-time (differences ranging from -2.1% to -2.9%, P < 0.05). The practical implications of these findings suggest that regional basketball players should participate in conditioning sessions that focus on the improvement of repeated sprint ability. 相似文献