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1.
Abstract

In tennis, a “split-step” is a small vertical jump or hop that is commonly used as a preparatory motion for a lateral step when receiving the ball. The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine whether a split-step increases the velocity of the subsequent lateral step, and (2) to investigate when the landing should occur in order to obtain the maximum benefit from a split-step. Ten male collegiate tennis players performed a choice reaction step-and-reach task with and without a split-step. The participants could reach the target earlier by taking a split-step (split: 764 ± 106 ms, no-split: 868 ± 63, P < 0.001). A risk–benefit relationship of a split-step depended on the timing of the landing. If the interval between the activation of the direction signal and the landing was shorter than mean minus standard deviation of the participant's response time, participants sometimes achieved very quick step to the target but could not reach the target in 7.8% of the trials. On the contrary, if the interval between the activation of the direction signal and the landing was within the mean plus-minus standard deviation of the participant's response time, participants achieved quick and reliable (percentage of error: 0.8%) step.  相似文献   

2.
杨天  李哲 《精武》2012,(28):22-22,24
研究目的：随着网球技术高度发展,要求运动员的各项技术更加全面,就发球而言,目前世界高水平男子单打选手在发球落点、旋转和角度准确性的控制等方面较为突出,而在发球决胜局中,特别是在制胜分上在第一次发失误的情况下,如何在第二发中限制对手并迫使对手进入自己的预设的赢球模式显得尤为重要。研究结果和结论：通过分析发现职业网球选手在处理关键分上发球时偏向采用侧旋,以角度、旋转制胜而不是在速度上寻求制胜。  相似文献   

3.
运用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等研究方法对场地类型与网球运动员竞技能力发展的关系进行探讨。由于研究对象中以草地球场为主导训练环境的球员样本极少,本研究主要考察以硬地、红土场以及硬地和红土结合三种球场类型为主导训练场地类型的职业网球运动员在排名上是否存在差异。以1997—2005年ITF（国际网联）青年赛年度前10名运动员共87名男子职业球员的ATP排名进行方差分析。预分析发现,职业网球运动员获取最高职业排名的平均年限为5．8年,因此对本文研究对象ATP排名的数据获取底线为2009年。结果表明：红土场地训练环境成长的球员排名与另外两种场地环境下成才的球员最高职业排名具有显著性差异（P〈0．05,红土场球员排名平均数为121,标准差为131）。查阅国内外文献资料,从逻辑上分析了多年红土训练可能存在的额外训练效应,并提示场地因素可能成为预测职业网球运动员最高排名的指标之一。  相似文献   

4.
世界前3名男子网球运动员比赛制胜因素技术分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对ATP官方网站所公布的世界排名前3名的男子网球运动员与排名前10名的运动员比赛(共230场)的技术数据进行统计分析,得出如下结果:①ATP官方网站公布的各技术指标之间相关性属于中低水平。②建立了世界前3名男子网球运动员制胜因素个性化的标准判别方程。③建立了世界前3名男子网球运动员比赛胜负预测的Bayes判别方程。④纳达尔、费德勒和德约科维奇胜负Bayes判别方程的预测准确率分别达到92%、92%和96%。⑤在世界排名前3的男子网球运动员中,一发球得分和一发球回球得分能力是获胜关键因素。而场地因素往往会制约某一特定运动员的制胜能力。  相似文献   

5.
The potential effect of fatigue on stroke production in tennis players is still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the tennis serve speed and accuracy in prolonged male professional matches played on grass courts. We analysed tennis serve statistics from five-set Wimbledon matches (n?=?15; 30 players). Results showed that match duration averaged 208.3?±?28.3?min. The overall serve speed was 177.0?±?10.2?km/h in the first set and 176.1?±?11.7?km/h in the fifth set (p?=?.34). The difference of all accuracy values of first set serves was not significantly different from those of the fifth set: percentage of valid first serves, 63.1?±?11.1% vs. 62.3?±?11.8%, respectively (p?=?.78); percentage of “aces”, 11.2?±?9.1% vs. 10.0?±?8.9%, respectively (p?=?.39); percentage of “winners”, 2.6?±?7.6% vs. 1.2?±?2.2%, respectively (p?=?.36); percentage of “double faults”, 2.8?±?3.0% vs. 2.8?±?3.4% (p?=?.97). In conclusion, tennis players were able to maintain constant serve speed and accuracy over five-set matches played on grass courts. Professional tennis players are capable of overcoming fatigue and/or make movement adjustments to effectively perform complex technical strokes like the serve throughout matches played on grass courts lasting more than 3?h in average.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study was to compare the pre- and post-impact three-dimensional kinematics of the ball and racquet during first and second serves performed by elite tennis players. Data were collected from four male and four female right-handed professional players during competition using two high-speed cameras (200 Hz). For each player, one first serve and one second serve from the 'deuce' or right service court that landed within the specified target area were analysed. To test for significant differences between the first and second serves, Wilcoxon tests (P < or = 0.05) were performed on selected parameters. The results indicate that the ball travelled forward and to the left during the flight phase of the toss in all but one trial. The average pre-impact ball forward location for the first serve was significantly more in front and had a higher associated forward ball velocity than the corresponding values for the second serve. On average, the decrease in post-impact ball speed from the first to the second serve was 24.1%. No significant differences between the first and second serves were found in the pre-impact racquet head speed and orientation, which was represented as a unit vector perpendicular to the racquet face. The major adjustments made by the players when going from the first to second serve were a decrease in pre-impact ball forward location (P < or = 0.01) and an increase in the pre-impact racquet vertical and lateral velocities (both P < or = 0.05). This implies that the players tossed the ball closer to the body and imparted topspin and sidespin on the ball by changing the racquet vertical and lateral velocities when going from the first to the second serve.  相似文献   

7.
Shots are an essential part of the language of tennis yet little is known about the distinct types of shots in the professional game. In this study, we build a taxonomy of shots for elite tennis players using tracking data from multiple years of men’s and women’s matches at the Australian Open. Our taxonomy is constructed using model-based multi-stage functional data clustering, an unsupervised machine learning approach. Among 270,023 men’s and 178,136 women’s shots, we found 13 distinct types of serves to both the Ad and Deuce court for male players and 17 and 15 types to the Ad and Deuce for female players. More variety was found among serve returns and rally shots compared to the serve; with less variety on the backhand than forehand. There was also more overlap in the physical characteristics of groundstroke shots between male and female players than on serve. Shot type was strongly associated with winning points and shots in the highest speed and lowest net clearance categories tended to be the most effective. This data-driven dictionary of shots provides a framework for analysis of elite player performance, characterizing playing style, and designing more representative practice.  相似文献   

8.
本文对当今世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员身体形态、打法类型及其技术特征进行分析与研究,发现:当今世界男子优秀运动员身体形态指标具有国际标准值;以横拍弧圈类打法类型为主;“凶狠、搏杀”是现代世界优秀运动员的技术特征。  相似文献   

9.
对当今世界优秀男子乒乓球运动员身体形态、打法类型及其技术特征进行分析与研究发现:当今世界男子优秀运动员身体形态指标具有国际标准值;以横拍弧圈类打法类型为主;"凶狠、搏杀、抢先"是现代世界优秀运动员的技术特征.  相似文献   

10.
A proficient serve is critical to successful tennis performance, and consequently coaches and players devote considerable time refining this stroke. In so doing, a wide variety of interventions are used or trialled, generally with very little empirical support. This study examined the efficacy of a commonly used service intervention, where players focus on exaggerating their finish (arabesque) position to promote specific changes in lower limb and trunk kinematics. The kinematics of eight high-performance junior players hitting flat serves were compared to the acute changes in kinematics elicited by the arabesque follow through position on serves using a 10-camera VICON MX motion analysis system. The significantly greater front (landing leg) hip flexion (p < 0.05) and forward trunk flexion (p < 0.05) confirmed the more exaggerated arabesque landing position following the arabesque instruction. The arabesque instruction resulted in increased frontal plane trunk range of motion and peak angular velocity in the forward swing, and increased leg drive during the drive phase. Practically, the results support the use of the arabesque instruction, effectively promoting the desired acute changes in trunk kinematics (i.e. increased frontal plane trunk rotation angular velocity) and leg drive (i.e. increased back knee extension angular velocity and front/back vertical hip velocity).  相似文献   

11.
通过文献资料法和临场技术统计,对福建省第13届运动会网球比赛优秀青少年运动员的发球情况进行分析。结果表明:青少年网球运动员发球攻击力不强;第一发球失误后,第二发球质量较低。建议青少年网球运动员在训练和比赛中进一步提高发球质量,并牢记发球的要素:抛球是基础、旋转是关键、稳定性是保证。  相似文献   

12.
Enhancing the understanding of coordination and variability in the tennis serve may be of interest to coaches as they work with players to improve performance. The current study examined coordinated joint rotations and variability in the lower limbs, trunk, serving arm and ball location in the elite female tennis serve. Pre-pubescent, pubescent and adult players performed maximal effort flat serves while a 22-camera 500 Hz motion analysis system captured three-dimensional body kinematics. Coordinated joint rotations in the lower limbs and trunk appeared most consistent at the time players left the ground, suggesting that they coordinate the proximal elements of the kinematic chain to ensure that they leave the ground at a consistent time, in a consistent posture. Variability in the two degrees of freedom at the elbow became significantly greater closer to impact in adults, possibly illustrating the mechanical adjustments (compensation) these players employed to manage the changing impact location from serve to serve. Despite the variable ball toss, the temporal composition of the serve was highly consistent and supports previous assertions that players use the location of the ball to regulate their movement. Future work should consider these associations in other populations, while coaches may use the current findings to improve female serve performance.  相似文献   

13.
网球发球动作和基本技术模式   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  
通过对参加第27届奥运会选拔集训的26名国家队男、女运动员动作技术分析,并参考世界优秀网球运动员的发球技术,从中概括出理论和实践上我们认为比较合理的、适合我国运动员使用的网球发球技术动作模式.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to probe the sex-based differences in the stroke and movement dynamics of Grand Slam hard-court tennis. Player and ball tracking data were collated for 102 male and 95 female players during the 2012–2014 Australian Open tournaments. Serve, serve return, groundstroke and movement data were compared between sexes. Serve statistics were the subject of the largest differences, with males achieving significantly faster speeds, aces and unreturned serves while also winning a greater percentage of service points. When returning serve, women contacted the ball closer to the net, lower to the ground and achieved flatter ball trajectories than males. Groundstroke frequencies were similar between sexes, although males hit with greater speed, flatter trajectories and impacted more shots inside the baseline. Distance covered per set or during points won or lost was not sex dependent, yet men exhibited faster average movement speeds. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific training and practice designs that cater to the different stroke dynamics, particularly in relation to the first serve and serve-return, as well as movement speeds.  相似文献   

15.
This study investigated the effect of the larger diameter (Type 3) tennis ball on performance and muscle activation in the serve. Sixteen male advanced tennis players performed serves using regular size and Type 3 tennis balls. Ball speed, surface electromyography, and serve accuracy were measured. There were no significant differences in mean initial serve speeds between balls, but accuracy was significantly greater (19.3%) with the Type 3 ball than with the regular ball. A consistent temporal sequence of muscle activation and significant differences in mean activation of different muscles were observed. However, ball type had no effect on mean arm muscle activation. These data, combined with a previous study, suggest that play with the larger ball is not likely to increase the risk of overuse injury, but serving accuracy may increase compared to play with the regular ball.  相似文献   

16.
Tennis     
This study investigated the effect of the larger diameter (Type 3) tennis ball on performance and muscle activation in the serve. Sixteen male advanced tennis players performed serves using regular size and Type 3 tennis balls. Ball speed, surface electromyography, and serve accuracy were measured. There were no significant differences in mean initial serve speeds between balls, but accuracy was significantly greater (19.3%) with the Type 3 ball than with the regular ball. A consistent temporal sequence of muscle activation and significant differences in mean activation of different muscles were observed. However, ball type had no effect on mean arm muscle activation. These data, combined with a previous study, suggest that play with the larger ball is not likely to increase the risk of overuse injury, but serving accuracy may increase compared to play with the regular ball.  相似文献   

17.
This study sought to determine the features of an ideal serve in men’s professional tennis. A total of 25,680 first serves executed by 151 male tennis players during Australian Open competition were classified as either aces or returned into play. Spatiotemporal (impact location, speed, projection angles, landing location and relative player locations) and contextual (score) features of each serve were extracted from Hawk-Eye data and used to construct a classification tree model (with decision rules) that predicted serve outcome. k-means clustering was applied to the landing locations to quantify optimal landing locations for aces. The classification tree revealed that (1) serve directionality, relative to the returner; (2) the ball’s landing proximity to the nearest service box line and (3) serve speed classified aces with an accuracy of 87.02%. Hitting aces appeared more contingent on accuracy than speed, with serves directed >5.88° from the returner and landing <15.27 cm from a service box line most indicative of an ace. k-means clustering revealed four distinct locations (≈0.73 m wide × 2.35 m deep) in the corners of the service box that corresponded to aces. These landing locations provide empirically derived target locations for players to adhere to during practice and competition.  相似文献   

18.
随着现代网球运动的发展,网球比赛中发球局是重要的环节之一.因此,选手们都力图通过各种方法和手段保住自己的发球局并寻找机会破掉对手的发球局来获得比分的优势直至比赛的胜利.费德勒无论在技术、战术,还是心理和体能方面都影响了当今网坛,也加快了推动网球运动前进的步伐,他代表当今网坛最先进的网球技术和最先进的网球战术理念.本文试图通过对费德勒在2010ATP年度总决赛中发球局技战术运用特点的研究.  相似文献   

19.
运用文献法、数理统计法、逻辑推理法,对近几年来世界优秀网球选手籍贯所在地进行统计分析。研究发现,世界优秀网球选手主要集中在欧洲和美洲。优秀网球选手的形成与地域文化、人种、经济有着密切关系。  相似文献   

20.
The serve is considered amongst the most important strokes in tennis. Not surprisingly, the development of a mechanically consistent and proficient serve is paramount. Correspondingly, drills that involve players serving with their eyes closed are thought to promote mechanical consistency. The purpose of this study was therefore to contrast the effect of the removal of visual feedback on ball and racket kinematics in the serve. A 10-camera 500-Hz VICON MX motion analysis system recorded the service actions of eight elite young players as they performed three serves with eyes open and three serves with eyes closed. Removal of vision resulted in considerable differences in both racket and ball kinematics, with players failing to make contact on 16 of 24 serves. Temporally, the preparation phase was significantly shorter with eyes closed. Spatially, the ball was located 6.5 cm further to the right at zenith, and 13 cm higher at impact with eyes closed. These results highlight that the serve is not entirely pre-programmable, and that visual feedback is critical to the spatiotemporal regulation of the serve. In turn, coaches need to be aware of the implications of modifying visual feedback in serve, and ensure that the consequence is congruent with their intent.  相似文献   

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