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1.
In this study we examined the timing of optical information pick-up in basketball jump shooting using an intermittent viewing technique. We expected shooters to prefer to look at the basket as late as possible under the shooting style used. Seven experts with a high shooting style and five experts with a low shooting style took 50 jump shots while wearing liquid-crystal glasses that opened and closed at pre-set intervals. In principle, under this constraint, the participants could control when they saw the basket by actively modulating the timing of their movements. Analyses of the phasing of the movements relative to the events defined on the glasses revealed that low-style shooters preferred to see the basket just before the ball passed their line of sight, whereas high-style shooters tended to view the basket from underneath the ball after it passed their line of sight. Thus, most shooters preferred to pick up optical information as late as possible given the adopted shooting style. We conclude that, in dynamic far aiming tasks such as basketball jump shooting, late pick-up of optical information is critical for the successful guidance of movements. 相似文献
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Raôul R. D. Oudejans Sjoerd Heubers Jean-René J. A. C. Ruitenbeek Thomas W. J. Janssen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):464-469
We examined the effects of visual control training on expert wheelchair basketball shooting, a skill more difficult than in regular basketball, as players shoot from a seated position to the same rim height. The training consisted of shooting with a visual constraint that forced participants to use target information as late as possible. Participants drove under a large screen that initially blocked the basket. As soon as they saw the basket they shot. When training with the screen, shooting percentages increased. We conclude that visual control training is an effective method to improve wheelchair basketball shooting. The findings support the idea that perceptualmotor learning can be enhanced by manipulating relevant constraints in the training environment, even for expert athletes. 相似文献
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Three‐dimensional video techniques (50 Hz) were used to obtain images of basketball jump shots from one of three distances ‐ short range (group 1, n = 5); medium range (group 2, n = 5); long range (group 3, n = 5) ‐ from the basket, as performed by members of the men's quarter‐finalist teams at the games of the XVI Universiade in Sheffield in 1991. Fifteen sequences were digitized, beginning 20 frames prior to take‐off to 10 frames after release. To facilitate analysis, the sequences were rotated about the ball position in the final frame so that the shot direction was parallel to one of the pre‐defined orthogonal axes. Mean (+1 s.d.) ball release speed was found to increase with distance from the basket (group 1 = 3.04±0.65 m s‐1, group 2 = 4.71+0.74 m s‐1, group 3 = 6.24 + 0.80 m s‘1), while mean release angles were similar for all groups (group 1=48.8 + 10.1°, group 2 = 47.8 + 5.8°, group 3 = 51.9 + 5.5°). The increased impulse necessary for the ball to reach the basket at increased shooting distances was derived from both an increase in angular velocity of the elbow joint of the shooting arm and an increased velocity of the centre of mass in the direction of the basket at release. Centre of mass speed at take‐off was found to be influenced to a greater extent by the angular velocity of the ankle joint than that of the knee or hip joints. Rotation of the hip and shoulder axes, facilitated by the forward placement of the foot on the side of the shooting arm (antero‐posterior separation values: group 1 = 0.17 + 0.11 m, group 2 = 0.10 + 0.14 m, group 3 = 0.09 + 0.09 m) was utilized by all except one subject. All subjects also used an amount of medio‐lateral foot separation which, along with antero‐posterior separation, promoted stability. All the subjects released the ball while airborne. Both the maximum jump height and the height of the jump at release tended to decrease as shooting distance increased. For short‐range shots, release occurred after the peak of the jump, but increasingly prior to the peak as shooting distance increased. 相似文献
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Victor H.A. Okazaki André L.F. Rodacki Miriam N. Satern 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):190-205
The ability to shoot an effective jump shot in the sport of basketball is critical to a player's success. In an attempt to better understand the aspects related to expert performance, researchers have investigated successful free throws and jump shots of various basketball players and identified movement variables that contribute to their success. The purpose of this study was to complete a systematic review of the scientific literature on the basketball free throw and jump shot for the purpose of revealing the critical components of shooting that coaches, teachers, and players should focus on when teaching, learning, practising, and performing a jump shot. The results of this review are presented in three sections: (a) variables that affect ball trajectory, (b) phases of the jump shot, and (c) additional variables that influence shooting. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):277-285
Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of body size and pubertal status on variation in functional capacities and sport-specific skills of 59 youth basketball players aged 14.0–15.9 years. Height and mass were measured and stage of pubic hair was assessed at clinical examination. Six tests of functional capacity were evaluated: squat jump, countermovement jump, 60-s sit-ups, 2-kg standing medicine ball throw, hand grip strength, and 20-m multi-stage shuttle run. Four basketball skills were tested (shooting, passing, dribbling, and defensive movements). Comparisons between basketball players of different sexual maturity status were performed using analysis of covariance (controlling for chronological age). Functional capacities and basketball skills appeared to be largely independent of pubertal status especially after controlling for variation in body size. Results of multiple linear regressions indicated chronological age as a significant predictor for four items, while maturity status was a significant predictor for only one item. The influence of body mass was negative for two functional indicators (jumping, multi-stage shuttle run) and two basketball skills (dribbling, defensive movements), but positive for two functional tests of upper body strength (hand grip, ball throw). Height was positively correlated with two specific skills (passing, defensive movements), while a combination of tallness and heaviness was associated with a disadvantage on three functional capacities and two sport-specific skills. 相似文献
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In human movement and sports science, manipulations of perception and action are common and often comprise the control of events, such as opening or closing liquid crystal goggles. Most of these events are externally controlled, independent of the actions of the participants. Less common, although sometimes desirable, are event manipulations that are dependent on the unconstrained movements of participants. As an example, we describe a method we used previously to manipulate vision of basketball jump shooters on the basis of on-line registration of their own movements. The shooters wore liquid crystal goggles that opened or shut as a function of specific kinematic features of these movements. The novel aspect of this method is that the criteria for detecting movement patterns and performing the appropriate manipulations are adjustable to the specific sport context and the complexity and variations of the unconstrained movements. The method was implemented as a finite state machine: a computer system that can be used for pattern recognition. We discuss this method, how it works and the potential it has for studying perceptual-motor skills in sport. Furthermore, the results of the basketball experiment are briefly summarized and complemented with new analyses. 相似文献
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浅析篮球运动员视觉定向能力与投篮命中率的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
篮球运动员的视觉定向能力对其投篮命中率有较大的影响,在投篮技术规格相当的情况下,视觉定向能力强的运动员投篮命中率要明显高于视觉定向能力差的运动员。提高篮球运动员的视觉定向能力应作为提高投篮命中率的重要教学-训练手段。 相似文献
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In human movement and sports science, manipulations of perception and action are common and often comprise the control of events, such as opening or closing liquid crystal goggles. Most of these events are externally controlled, independent of the actions of the participants. Less common, although sometimes desirable, are event manipulations that are dependent on the unconstrained movements of participants. As an example, we describe a method we used previously to manipulate vision of basketball jump shooters on the basis of on-line registration of their own movements. The shooters wore liquid crystal goggles that opened or shut as a function of specific kinematic features of these movements. The novel aspect of this method is that the criteria for detecting movement patterns and performing the appropriate manipulations are adjustable to the specific sport context and the complexity and variations of the unconstrained movements. The method was implemented as a finite state machine: a computer system that can be used for pattern recognition. We discuss this method, how it works and the potential it has for studying perceptual-motor skills in sport. Furthermore, the results of the basketball experiment are briefly summarized and complemented with new analyses. 相似文献
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球的后旋对中远距离投篮作用的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
章运用力学原理，针对球的后旋在中远距离投篮中出现的各种情况进行分析，旨在阐述球的后旋在中远距离投篮中的重要性，以引起有关人士的重视，为在投篮教学和训练中注重球的后旋问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
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投篮是篮球运动的核心,投篮命中率是比赛制胜的关键。通过对2006年四国女篮对抗赛中国女篮3场比赛不同距离投篮命中率的统计,分析了投篮位置和命中率的关系,以及我国女篮与对方在不同位置的投篮次数与命中率的差别,旨在为提高篮球训练和比赛提供一定的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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运用信息理论,实现篮球比赛信息采集项目和数据的科学化,初步设计篮球比赛信息采集系统和攻、防分析系统。可以将篮球比赛反映出的各种杂乱和零散的技战术信息系统化、量化;再进行科学的分析中去寻找和发现训练中的缺陷和问题;调整篮球训练结构和训练控制过程,使整个篮球训练控制系统向最优化目标一步步靠近。 相似文献
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Clare Elizabeth Dadswell Carl Payton Paul Holmes Adrian Burden 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1294-1301
Abstract Despite the importance of the Combined Event to the modern pentathlon competition, little is known about performance in the event. This study aimed to (i) identify the key variables affecting Combined Event shooting performance, and the extent to which these corresponded with those identified for precision shooting and (ii) investigate the impact of changing shooting format, and whether more successful precision shooters were also more successful in the Combined Event. Seven modern pentathletes and three pistol shooters completed precision and Combined Event trials. An opto-electronic shooting system recorded score and pistol movements, whilst force platforms recorded centre of pressure movements 1 s prior to every shot. Intra-individual analysis revealed that the extent of associations between variables was participant-specific, highlighting the need for individual analysis of performance. No participants displayed matching associations between variables for precision and Combined Event shooting, emphasising the difference between performances in the two events. Both groups experienced significantly reduced scores, and increased pistol and body movements for Combined Event shooting (P < 0.05). Despite the pistol shooters’ greater precision shooting ability, no significant differences were evident between the groups’ Combined Event performances (P > 0.05). This implies that experience in one event does not guarantee success in the other, indicating the importance of event specific training. 相似文献
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David R. Hopkins 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):535-540
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the sports skill domain of basketball and to identify test items to measure in this skill domain. A theoretical model of the hypothesized dimensions of basketball playing ability was developed based on a review of literature concerning basketball skill testing from 1906 to the present day. These dimensions were: (a) shooting, (b) passing, (c) jumping, (d) movement without the ball and (e) movement with the ball. Twenty-one items, including the nine items in the AAHPER basketball skill test for boys, were selected to sample these hypothesized dimensions. The tests were administered to 70 male junior high and high school students enrolled in the University of Minnesota, Duluth basketball camp during the summer of 1975. The hypothesized dimensions were analyzed by use of the following: (a) alpha factor analysis; (b) canonical factor analysis; (c) image analysis; and (d) principal components analysis. Both oblique and orthogonal rotations were performed with each of the four analyses. The hypothesized model was partially substantiated in that the results confirmed three of the factors: (a) shooting, (b) passing and (c) jumping with the only difference being that the factors of movement with the ball and movement without the ball combined into one. Since the following test items best represented the dimensions, it appeared that a battery comprised of these items would provide a quick and objective measure of basketball skill: (a) jump and reach, (b) dribble, (c) speed pass, and (d) front shot. 相似文献
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文章运用文献资料法、数理统计法、观察法和逻辑分析法等方法,对2008-2009赛季CBA篮球联赛和NBA篮球联赛的平均场每场个人技术统计进行对比和分析研究。研究结果表明:CBA球员在得分和投篮次数上与NBA球员有显著差异,NBA球员明显高于CBA球员,而在投篮命中率上,两者没有显著性差异;CBA球员在篮板球控制、助攻、盖帽和抢断上,与NBA球员相比,均存在较大的差距,但在进攻篮板球的拼抢上,与NBA球员无显著性差异;CBA球员每场失误次数明显高于NBA球员,但犯规与NBA球员相比,无显著性差异。 相似文献
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Abstract We examined the influence of visual context information on skilled motor behaviour and motor adaptation in basketball. The rules of basketball in Europe have recently changed, such that that the distance for three-point shots increased from 6.25 m to 6.75 m. As such, we tested the extent to which basketball experts can adapt to the longer distance when a) only the unfamiliar, new three-point line was provided as floor markings (NL group), or b) the familiar, old three-point line was provided in addition to the new floor markings (OL group). In the present study 20 expert basketball players performed 40 three-point shots from 6.25 m and 40 shots from 6.75 m. We assessed the percentage of hits and analysed the landing position of the ball. Results showed better adaptation of throwing performance to the longer distance when the old three-point line was provided as a visual landmark, compared to when only the new three-point line was provided. We hypothesise that the three-point line delivered relevant information needed to successfully adapt to the greater distance in the OL group, whereas it disturbed performance and ability to adapt in the NL group. The importance of visual landmarks on motor adaptation in basketball throwing is discussed relative to the influence of other information sources (i.e. angle of elevation relative to the basket) and sport practice. 相似文献
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通过对12名少年篮球爱好者近两年4个阶段,有计划科学地进行严格的、规范的投篮技术动作训练,使他们从不会投篮,到初步掌握投篮技术。通过规范的投篮基本技术的强化,提高了他们的投篮命中率,对他们今后的发展,也是十分有益的。 相似文献
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远距离单手肩上投篮训练方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论影响投篮命中率有7个因素:手法、瞄准的方向、球的旋转、抛物线、协调性、判断反应和心理因素,并提出提高远距离投篮命中率的训练方法. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and effect of certain highly patterned behaviours utilized prior to free-throw shooting in basketball. Ten female basketball players comprising the varsity squad of Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA served as subjects for this study. Subjects were filmed with a high-speed camera and monitored for heart rate during the performance of 10 free throws in each of two conditions: ritual and non-ritual. For the ritual condition, subjects were given unlimited time and freedom of movement prior to each free-throw attempt. For the non-ritual condition, subjects were not restricted by time, but were instructed to shoot the ball without utilizing any movements other than those required to project the ball to the goal. Dependent measures were characteristics of behaviours, physiological changes measured by heart rates, mechanical data (speed, height and angle of release), and number of successful attempts. Condition x trials analyses of variance and low standard deviation concerning characteristics of behaviours indicated that the idiosyncratic behaviours prior to free-throw shooting were rituals of the auto-communicative type. Results indicated no significant difference between conditions for free-throw success. However, partial correlation between dependent measures and successful free-throw attempts indicated that duration of behaviours was most crucial to free-throw shooting success. 相似文献