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近代中国社会流民产生的原因及其影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张岚 《咸阳师范专科学校学报》2001,16(3):38-41
本通过 大量史实论述了近代中国社会流民产生的原因及其对中国社会产生的重大影响，指出流民问题是古今中外社会面临的一个重大问题。 相似文献
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唐世农 《黔南民族师范学院学报》2014,(6):92-95
流民问题存在于古今各个时期,尤其是明代最为严重,这与明代政治、经济等各个方面的发展息息相关。明代流民泛滥,尤其是河南等地,流民的出现给社会带来了各种影响。通过探讨明代初期经济、政治、自然环境、政府措施等方面的历史,结合河南流民出现的原因、规模、影响,对流民问题进行整体概括研究,并进一步分析了流民问题对明代政治以及后代的影响,以期为现代社会的发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
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关于城市化进程中的一些社会问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨慧兰 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,37(2):20-22
21世纪是中国城市化发展战略实施的关键时期。中国的城市化成功与否直接影响中国经济的顺利发展。当前我国城市化进程中出现了一些社会问题：区域差距、城乡差距进一步拉大：很多地方在城市化的过程中发展速度太快。文化来不及同时发生变化。会导致政治社会的失调和动乱;城市中出现大量贫困人口,给政府带来很大的压力;惧怕城市化的心理和政府在城市建制上的行政性的级别划分法,是导致城市化滞后的原因之一。一些地方政府在城市化进程中出现了失当行为;单位制的解体,使原有的社会控制瓦解。急需强化新的社会控制。这些问题是发展过程中不可避免的。会逐步地解决。对此我们要有信心。 相似文献
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徐木兴 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,21(3):102-106
1840-1842年鸦片战争后，由于外国的侵略和清政府的腐朽统治，使原本人口问题十分严重的中国又产生了大批流民。流民是一种极不稳定的社会因素，在一定程度上，他们的大量存在造成了中国近代社会的动荡起伏，这些流民基于种种缘由纷纷涌入广西，进一步加剧了广西的社会危机，最终成为太平天国运动在广西兴起的一大诱因。 相似文献
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农民工与近代中国“城市病”综合症——以苏南为中心的考察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
池子华 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,37(2):77-82
农民工进城打工,推动了中国近代工商业的发展和城市的繁荣,但由于农村推力强劲,驱使大量富余劳动力不断向城市聚集,而城市有限的工商业发展水平来不及消纳,引起"城市化过度",从而不可避免地引发多种"城市病",形成"城市病"综合症。以近代苏南为中心的区域考察,显现出现代城市的十大病症与农民工大量向城市集中有内在关联。农民工进城打工,在给城市带来勃勃生机与活力的同时,也引发了诸如"非法占地"现象的普遍化、环境恶化、供应紧张物价腾涨、就业困难失业问题突出、劳工贫困化现象严重、城市技术革新动力不足、自杀等社会病态加剧、游民充斥乞丐遍地、社会治安状况堪忧、风化问题等。除十大"城市病"之外,其他诸如职业结构畸形、性别比失衡、交通拥挤等病态,也无不存在于苏南各城市中,由此构成"城市病"综合症。而"综合症"的"病源",与农民工的"城市化过度"直接关联。应该看到,农民工进城,固然促进了工商业的发展和城市的繁荣,没有农民工向城市的集中,近代苏南及中国的城市化是不可想象的,其正效应是不容忽视的;但由于受外国资本主义压制,工业发展缓慢,城市化步履维艰,无法吸收消化庞大的农民工大军,以致衍生出许多"城市病",对这种负面影响,同样不应回避。 相似文献
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倪东升 《历史教学(高校版)》1996,(9)
流民,长期以来一直是困扰中国的一大社会问题,也是中国近代史研究上有待开发的新领域.池子华所著《中国近代流民》一书,作为”中国社会史丛书”之一种,最近由浙江人民出版社出版发行.该书对流民现象发生的原因、流民的活动空间和职业流向、流民对近代中国社会所产生的效应、近代中国如何解决流民问题及历史启示等,作了深入细致地考察,实为第一部以近代流民为研究对象的系统的学术性著作.纵观全书,有以下几个鲜明的特点.一 优世疾笔,强烈的时代感流民问题是一个古老而又崭新的话题,历代统治者都把流民的治理作为一项重大的社会工程.时值社会转型时期,在商品经济大潮猛烈冲击下,泛起各种令人眼花缭乱的“流民潮”引起了社会各界的广泛关注,同样也引起了作者的思索与忧患.作为一位史学工作者,池子华先生“站在历史与现实的交汇点上,像关心历史那样关心现实”,为期对当代“盲流”问题的解决,对近代中国的流民问题作了深入细致的探讨和研究,这是作者投入全身心的动因. 相似文献
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城中村是我国城市化进程中出现的一种独特现象,它是现代化城市与旧式村落的一种混合体。城中村的存在,给城市的发展带来了严重的经济、社会、环境问题,阻碍了城市化进程。因此,城中村改造已经成为全面推进城市化和谐发展的一项迫切要求。拟从城中村改造中存在的主要问题入手,进而分析该问题的成因,并给出一些解决方法。在综合学者观点的基础上进而提出本人观点,目的在于使该问题得到有效解决。 相似文献
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王勇 《中山大学学报论丛》2003,23(3):246-251
城市化是中国现代化建设的一个重要方面,伴随着经济的不断发展,近年来中国的城市化建设逐步加快,新兴城市在全国各地已经不断涌现,从而给我国带来了巨大的机遇和活力.但同时因为我国经济、政治发展的不平衡状况,又直接导致了我国社会发展的无序性和社会结构的不稳定性,引起了包括法律关系等在内的社会关系的急剧变化,带来了一系列的社会问题.本文将从社团建设的角度,探讨非政府社会组织对解决这些问题的作用,从而为建立一个有序的“新“城市提供一种设想. 相似文献
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城中村问题是在我国城乡二元体制的特殊国情下,由于快速城市化而出现的一种普遍现象,是当前许多城市的共性问题。漯河市城中村的存在给城市的发展带来了一系列的经济和社会问题,严重制约着我市土地资源的集约利用和城市的可持续发展。针对漯河市城中村存在的问题,提出实施城中村改造是推动新社区建设的重要举措。 相似文献
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屈婷 《连云港教育学院学报》2014,(2):10-15
现代城乡分工的发展在推动社会转型的同时不可避免地造成社会结构的分裂,亦即城乡二元结构的形成。城乡二元结构的突出矛盾是工业城市本身的弊病和农村的落后与贫困。19世纪空想社会主义站在现代工业的立场上,探讨了如何克服工业城市弊病以及农业在现代资本和工商业的条件下如何发展的问题。其中涌现的城乡结合与农业现代化思想对于我们统筹城乡发展、避免城乡二元结构的问题,至今仍然具有启发意义。 相似文献
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滕永直 《湖南城市学院学报》2014,(3):39-42
城市生态化是提升城市整体竞争力不可或缺的重要因素与城市发展品位的重要体现,是被当前城市化进程中的环境污染与生态系统失衡、城市人口激增与能源危机等严重威胁着城市生存条件与生活空间的客观现实问题所唤醒的现代城市的发展趋势。在现代化城市建设中,城市生态和谐被提上重要日程,关注城市生态,思考如何通过道德建设维持城市生态平衡、提升城市生态质量是当前我国社会道德建设的现实课题与重要任务。 相似文献
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Since 2015, Germany has followed a welcoming policy for refugees and has made efforts to integrate them in German society through initiatives such as development programs. However, very few refugee students have actually managed to enter German Higher Education (HE) institutions. Using a qualitative methodology, the researcher interviewed Arab refugee students studying in pre-academic and academic degree programs in Germany, to obtain answers to the following two main questions: 1) What are the main challenges that refugee students have experienced on their path to Germany as a host country? 2) What are the challenges that refugee students faced in HE in Germany and how does the German HE system respond to their needs? The findings suggest that, despite Germany’s desire to open up access to HE for refugees, the implementation of the policies adopted often sets administrative and social challenges to refugee students along their pathways to German HE institutions. These challenges include rigid access policies and procedures, unwelcoming public discourse and feelings of alienation. Nevertheless, students positively valued the new window of opportunity and universally applicable procedures offered in Germany, although they had not quite provided adequate responses to the refugees’ needs. The paper concludes with implications for policy makers wishing to open pathways for refugees to HE in intercultural academic spaces where they can interact and integrate within the academic community in preparation for their full integration into their host society. 相似文献
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Loshini Naidoo 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2009,30(3):261-273
Schools represent the primary setting where refugee children learn about Australian life and culture. They serve as a broad context for acculturation not only for academic development and language acquisition but for cultural learning too. This paper focuses on the after‐school homework tutoring programme that uses University of Western Sydney (Australia) secondary teacher education students as tutors for African refugee students in secondary schools to facilitate their inclusion into Australian society. African refugees may receive lower returns for education in comparison with other Australian migrants. Using Bourdieu’s theory of social capital and cultural reproduction as a conceptual framework, this paper discusses the part played by schools in constructing barriers that prevent under‐represented groups such as refugees participating in the education process. It aims to explore the success of community engagement programmes like Refugee Action Support, which is designed to act in the interests of others (refugees) characterised as socio‐culturally disadvantaged. 相似文献
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甘开鹏 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,23(5):134-138
二战后,欧洲难民问题成为联合国及西方国家必须面临并解决的重大社会问题,数百万的难民流亡在整个欧洲大陆,为难民提供临时性救济的各种机构和组织也不断涌现出来。1943年建立的联合国善后救济总署、1951年《关于难民地位的公约》及联合国难民署都对二战后国际难民政策的发展起了不可忽视的作用,但这些国际组织的难民政策具有比较明显的政治色彩,使大多数难民无法充分地得到国际保护。 相似文献
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In the United States and around the world, refugees are frequently portrayed as helpless victims, burdens of the host society, and potential criminals. Similarly, in schools even well-intentioned educators focus on what they lack, rather than the various stories, experiences, and perspectives they have to offer. To provide another perspective, we aim to find ways to empower resettled refugee youth and draw implications for education of former refugees and other marginalized students. Through interviews, we sought to understand the stories of ten former Burmese refugee adolescents with respect to their backgrounds, migration, and school experiences. Our analysis shows that they recognized their marginalized positionings in the United States that are attributable to their limited English proficiency, ethnicity and race, and former refugee status. They, however, authored narratives of themselves that contest such marginalizing narratives by providing diverse stories of refugees different from dominant ones and positioning themselves as valuable members of local communities and change agents for a more equitable society. These findings call for pedagogical approaches in which schools and communities provide space for stories that former refugee youths bring, value stories authored by them, and draw on their perspectives on inequity and social transformation. 相似文献
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In this paper, we explore the role of online social networks in the cultivation of pathways to higher education for refugees, particularly for women. We compare supports garnered in local and offline settings to those accrued through online social networks and examine the differences between women and men. The paper draws on complementary original data sources, including an online survey of the Somali Diaspora (n?=?248) and in-depth interviews (n?=?21) with Somali refugees who do or have lived in the Dadaab refugee camps of Kenya. We find an important interplay of local and global interactions, mediated by mobile technology, that participants identify as critical to their access to higher education. Our analysis relates these interactions to shifting social norms and possibilities for refugee women’s education. Our findings directly address the use of information and communication technology in expanding opportunities for higher education for women in refugee camps. 相似文献
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Robert Hart 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2009,25(4):351-368
This paper focuses on the social and emotional needs of children and young people who are refugees. It was inspired by casework undertaken by the author involving a 13‐year‐old boy who was a refugee from Montenegro. A vignette of the case is presented in addition to a review of relevant literature to illustrate and discuss the various sources of trauma experienced by children and young people who are refugees, and the potential impact of these on psychological functioning and emotional wellbeing. Child refugees’ experiences of trauma are seldom restricted to experiences of loss, violence or persecution in their country of origin. Rather, there are multiple experiences in the country of origin, during migration and on arrival in a country of “refuge” that are potentially traumatic, and can have adverse effects on a child or young person’s development. Drawing on research with children and adults who are refugees, as well as research into post‐traumatic stress disorder and into the educational effects of trauma, the paper advocates interactionist and ecosystemic perspectives for understanding the difficulties encountered by refugee children, and considers possibilities for therapeutic intervention. 相似文献
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Refugee children are often admitted into schools having experienced traumatic events. The impact of trauma on children has been well documented and these children frequently have complex needs. The Devon Behaviour Support Team (BST) has offered Art Workshops to schools to support children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and refugees in their transition into schools in England. Self‐esteem and social interaction were measured by observations and qualitative assessment techniques over a period of six months for six refugee children from four Art Workshops. The results of the study show overall positive development in the children's confidence and reflect their increasing skills in social interaction within the classroom. The study also highlights the refugee children's attitudes to the art process and their responses to materials and requests. 相似文献
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生态难民,顾名思义可以简单描述为面对生态灾难而被迫逃离的人。生态难民现象古已有之,但生态难民的概念至今还没有被国际难民法确认。国际上缺少专门的对生态难民进行保护的法律制度与措施。生态难民制度的存在从社会需求层面、法律需求层面以及现实依据层面来说,是合理与必需的。生态难民与国际难民法所规定的政治难民不同,主要是由于生态灾害而造成。实际上,生态难民与政治难民是相联系的,很大一部分生态难民可以纳入到政治难民之中,利用现有的国际难民法进行保护。 相似文献