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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):47-72
This investigation introduced the attitude base (cognitive or affective) as a moderator in the resistance domain and effectively partitioned the role of affect from cognition by properly delineating its function. A three-phase experiment was conducted involving 290 participants. The results confirmed the role of the original elements in the process of resistance introduced by McGuire: threat and counterarguing output. Furthermore, the results indicated that inoculation messages were most effective when their content matched the attitude base. Cognitive inoculation messages generated greater resistance to counterattitudinal attacks when presented to individuals whose attitude base was primarily cognitive, rather than affective, in nature. The reverse was also found to be true as affective inoculation messages generated greater resistance to counterattitudinal attacks when presented to individuals whose attitude base was primarily affective, rather than cognitive, in nature. 相似文献
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This study questions the traditional conceptualization of the threat component of inoculation and compares it to an alternative operationalization that was hypothesized to better capture the psychological function of threat according to inoculation theory, focusing less on an apprehensive response in favor of how inoculation treatments cognitively function to motivate resistance. Two measures of threat were contrasted by examining resistance to 9/11 Truth conspiracy propaganda. The results revealed motivational threat was conceptually distinct from the traditional threat measure, better predicted by inoculation treatments, less related to fear, more predictive of resistance to attitude change, and more supportive of inoculation theory when mediating the relationship between inoculation and resistance. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTAdding multiple sources of information in the display of Web search results may negatively affect users’ perceptual experience and information-seeking behavior. This claim was established by investigating the impact of different Web search compositions on users’ ability to extract specific information. In this article, we assumed that the quantity and order of different compositions (areas) in the Web search results page may contribute to individual’s ability to find information relevant to their search queries. An eye-tracking device was used to observe and compare the perceptual behavior of 14 users in an information-seeking task. The results showed that the use of different compositions in the display of Web results page significantly influenced users’ perceptual experience by reducing their attention to the organic results area. The quantity of these compositions was found to greatly increase the cognitive load of users when attempting to retrieve information from the organic area, which negatively affects their information-seeking performance. Our finding provides a rationale for further studies to consider the impact of quantity and order of Web page compositions on individuals’ perceptual attention and cognitive load in information-seeking task settings. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):414-441
This investigation introduced the concept of associative networks to the resistance domain. A four-phase experiment was conducted involving 298 participants. The results confirmed the role of known elements in the process of resistance: the core elements of threat, issue involvement, and counterarguing output facilitated resistance, as did the more recently introduced element of attitude certainty. Also, the results indicated that inoculation treatments modified the structure of associative networks, planting additional nodes and increasing the linkages between nodes. Subsequently, changes in the structure of associative networks contributed to resistance to counterattitudinal attacks. 相似文献
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This study is the first to explore the motivational, cognitive, affective, and personality factors that influence the enjoyment of and exposure to TV series with horror content. The most-watched TV series identified by 411 study participants were examined in the study. Results indicate that personality traits significantly predict cognitive and affective involvement with these programs and viewing motivations. Viewing motivations significantly influence viewers’ cognitive and affective involvement with these TV series as well as their viewing enjoyment and frequency. While positive affect and negative affect are significant predictors of viewing enjoyment, viewing enjoyment has a positive effect on viewing frequency. 相似文献
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This study tested whether a screening procedure was effective in the treatments for communication apprehension (CA). Accordingly, individuals who were identified as having cognitive, affective, and behavioral source of CA were exposed to Visualization (cognitive). Systematic Desensitization (affective). Skills Training (behavioral), and Multiple treatment (combination of the three). Results indicated that exposing people to the matching intervention was slightly more effective in reducing CA than exposing them to other treatments. 相似文献
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试论信息网络对青年编辑认知方式的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
面对网络社会冲击和数字化出版,网络时代所构筑起来的新的认知方式、生存方式和生活方式,正逐渐影响着当今青年编辑的认知、情感、思想和心理。从认知心理学的角度,通过信息网络对青年编辑认知结构的深化、信息网络对青年编辑认知范围拓展和认知方式的多样化、信息网络对青年编辑思维的新变化等3个方面,论述信息网络的普及和迅猛发展对青年编辑认知方式的影响。 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):357-384
The current studies examine mechanisms that may account for why evaluations made by participants involved in conversations are more influenced by subliminal negative cues than are evaluations made by observers. In Study 1 a subliminal priming task was used to induce a positive, a negative, or no affective response toward a confederate. Participants under either a low or high cognitive load (CL) then evaluated a confederate engaged in a conversation. Evaluations made by high CL participants were most affected by the negative subliminal prime. In Study 2 an alternative CL induction was used and, in addition, we also induced self-presentation (SP) concerns. High SP participants rated confederates more positively, however, SP did not interact with priming. High CL participants again were most affected by the negative subliminal prime. Yet another CL induction was used in Study 3. The results of Study 3 replicate findings from Study 2. Results suggest that people are more susceptible to nonconscious processes when they are cognitively busy, nonconscious negative affect produces stronger effects than positive affect, and the effects of negative nonconscious affect on evaluations of conversations is dependent on the type of cognitive load task. 相似文献
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Student plagiarism continues to threaten academic integrity. This investigation assessed whether an inoculation message strategy could combat university plagiarism by protecting student attitudes against pro-plagiarism justification arguments. Additionally, we sought theoretical confirmation of previous findings on involvement and accessibility in inoculation, examined the effects on vested interest, and evaluated matching and mismatching strategies in terms of affect- and rationality-based inoculation treatment messages and subsequent attack messages. A total of 225 students participated in three sessions spanning six weeks. Results indicated that none of the inoculation treatments conferred resistance as measured in attitude toward plagiarism, but all treatments enhanced involvement and attitude accessibility, and the fear- and rationality-based treatments enhanced vested interest. Additionally, fear-based treatments derogated the source of the message. Results also suggest that a matching strategy is superior with both affect- and rationality-based attack messages, such that inoculation treatments are most effective when using the same argument bases (e.g., affective or rational) as the attack message. These results offer guidance for crafting communication campaign strategies to reduce the occurrence of student plagiarism offenses. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2021,38(4):101611
The use of technology has increased significantly in public administrations in recent decades and has become the norm rather than the exception. As a result, the acceptance of or resistance to technology by employees plays a crucial role in local digital developments. Few existing theories address the reliable determinants of the use of technology and take into account the cognitive biases of the users. Our study fills this gap by considering the status-quo-bias perspective. We conduct a mixed-methods study of three German municipalities and develop an integrated theoretical model of the employees' resistance to technology. Our results indicate that resistance to technology is best explained by perceived value, sunk costs, switching benefits, and value for citizens. Based on our findings, we derive preliminary recommendations for action and discuss valuable directions for future scientific work. Our study contributes to the understanding of the resistance to technology in public administrations and opens the door to a vivid discourse on the use of technology in multilevel organizations. 相似文献
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Josh Compton - Josh Compton is Assistant Professor Chair of the 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2008,36(1):98-119
Student plagiarism continues to threaten academic integrity. This investigation assessed whether an inoculation message strategy could combat university plagiarism by protecting student attitudes against pro-plagiarism justification arguments. Additionally, we sought theoretical confirmation of previous findings on involvement and accessibility in inoculation, examined the effects on vested interest, and evaluated matching and mismatching strategies in terms of affect- and rationality-based inoculation treatment messages and subsequent attack messages. A total of 225 students participated in three sessions spanning six weeks. Results indicated that none of the inoculation treatments conferred resistance as measured in attitude toward plagiarism, but all treatments enhanced involvement and attitude accessibility, and the fear- and rationality-based treatments enhanced vested interest. Additionally, fear-based treatments derogated the source of the message. Results also suggest that a matching strategy is superior with both affect- and rationality-based attack messages, such that inoculation treatments are most effective when using the same argument bases (e.g., affective or rational) as the attack message. These results offer guidance for crafting communication campaign strategies to reduce the occurrence of student plagiarism offenses. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(69-70):129-139
Summary This article focuses on some major contributions from learning theory that impact how adults learn. Following an overview of two major learning theories—behavioral and cognitive theories—the authors discuss four factors that affect learning. These are attention, perception, memory, and contiguity and practice. Other topics presented include prior knowledge effect and transfer of knowledge problems. The article closes with five recommendations for incorporating results from learning theory research into reference service and user instruction. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):386-399
Based upon politeness theory and a cognitive rules perspective, it is argued that anticipated resistance to a persuasive message should effect compliance-seeking message behavior. Using controlled interviews to elicit persuasive messages, results indicate that persuaders used a greater number of strategies when confronting a positively predisposed target who refused to comply. Beyond an initial opening gambit, negative sanctions were employed more extensively against positively predisposed targets. Overall, a pattern of compliance-gaining behaviors involving a gradual shift to negative sanctions was observed. The findings are explained in light of current perspectives on information processing, possibly shedding light on past failures to find evidence of strategic adaptation based on situational factors. 相似文献
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本文通过研究湖南凤桥村村民在“买码”过程中的传闻传播,论证了传闻产生所具备的四个基本条件及传闻来源的四种渠道。聚类分析发现,作者认为,影响传闻信任的因素包括:认知成熟度、来源可信度、另类讯息易得度。 相似文献
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Lijiang Shen 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3):337-352
Using six television public service announcements (PSAs) and with a 3 (message topic) × 4 (frame combination) × 2 (messages) mixed design (N = 270), this study explores the impact of incidental affect on message processing in a broader horizon that incorporates operationalization of depth of message processing and how incidental affect is conceptualized and induced. Results showed that (a) there was no significant main effect of incidental affect on message processing in support of the cognitive capacity or affect as information explanations, and (b) there were significant simple main effects of incidental affect on message processing, but such an effect was consistent with the affect as resource explanation, rather than the hedonic contingency model. Implications and direction for future studies were discussed. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of emotional support discrepancy (ESD), or the degree to which people feel their standards for emotional support are met, immediately after a supportive interaction and in the days following the interaction. One hundred thirteen dating couples discussed in the laboratory a topic that was stressful for one of the partners and then completed daily diary logs for seven days. Immediately following the laboratory interaction, a smaller ESD was indirectly associated with more positive affect, less negative affect, and greater relationship satisfaction through cognitive reappraisal. In the days following the laboratory interaction, ESD was not associated with future conversations about either the laboratory stressor or stressors that emerged during the week, but was marginally and positively associated with brooding rumination about the laboratory stressor and positively associated with brooding rumination about the partner's support in general. In addition, both types of rumination were associated with less positive affect, more negative affect, and less relationship satisfaction over the course of the week. 相似文献
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Web2.0时代,虚拟学术社区作为知识交流和共享的重要平台,在科研合作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。探究虚拟学术社区中用户社区认同感的影响因素,有助于挖掘用户持续使用社区的深层次动机,推进虚拟学术社区的建设。文章采用扎根理论研究方法,对使用过虚拟学术社区的相关用户基于半结构化访谈提纲进行深度访谈,运用质性分析软件NVivo12对访谈资料进行开放式、主轴、选择性三级编码,识别出虚拟学术社区用户社区认同感的影响因素。研究结果表明,影响虚拟学术社区用户社区认同感的核心因素有3个:社区平台因素、个体认知因素和人际因素。社区平台因素包括社区运营、社区功能、社区品牌效应、社区活跃度和社区氛围等,个体认知因素包括感知质量、感知易用性、感知成本、感知信息安全、主观规范、自我效能感和期望确认等,人际因素包括交互关系、信任关系和互惠关系等。在因素识别的基础上,为虚拟学术社区运营提出建议。 相似文献