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1.
Lynsey K. Romo Dana R. Dinsmore Tara L. Connolly Christine N. Davis 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):91-92
As the majority of full-time employees drink alcohol, and alcohol can play an important role in professional interactions and career success, the current study examined the ways in which working professionals who abstain from alcohol manage communication about their non-drinking status. Framed by the theoretical lens of facework, semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 29 non-drinking professionals revealed that non-drinking in the real world is a deviant act that can be face threatening for non-drinkers and drinkers alike. Consequently, non-drinkers deployed a variety of preventive and corrective facework strategies (including passing and humor) to mitigate and remediate positive and negative face threat. This investigation uncovered practical communication tools individuals can use to abstain from alcohol without compromising their careers. 相似文献
2.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):67-87
This study investigated the fundamental beliefs regarding cross-cultural differences in conflict styles. The sample consisted of 188 graduate students from 31 different countries residing in the U.S. Findings indicated that assumptions regarding the relationship of culture to conflict style preferences may not be valid. Preference for using five conflict styles were measured: avoiding, obliging, integrating, compromising, and dominating. The integrating style is generally the most preferred; obliging and avoiding are next, followed by compromising and dominating. Avoiding is preferred by individualists rather than by collectivists. Individualists do not differ from collectivists in their preference for the dominating conflict style. We also found that collectivists prefer compromising and integrating more than individualists do, whereas individualism-collectivism had no significant linear effect on preference for the obliging style. Conflict styles are highly multidimensional for both individualists and collectivists. Even though the five conflict styles can be subsumed under four types, the items measuring the five styles cannot be generated from any two-dimensional typology. Finally, the meaning of four of the five styles is different for individualists and collectivists: Dominating is the only style interpreted similarly by both groups. Areas for future research are considered. 相似文献
3.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):357-384
The current studies examine mechanisms that may account for why evaluations made by participants involved in conversations are more influenced by subliminal negative cues than are evaluations made by observers. In Study 1 a subliminal priming task was used to induce a positive, a negative, or no affective response toward a confederate. Participants under either a low or high cognitive load (CL) then evaluated a confederate engaged in a conversation. Evaluations made by high CL participants were most affected by the negative subliminal prime. In Study 2 an alternative CL induction was used and, in addition, we also induced self-presentation (SP) concerns. High SP participants rated confederates more positively, however, SP did not interact with priming. High CL participants again were most affected by the negative subliminal prime. Yet another CL induction was used in Study 3. The results of Study 3 replicate findings from Study 2. Results suggest that people are more susceptible to nonconscious processes when they are cognitively busy, nonconscious negative affect produces stronger effects than positive affect, and the effects of negative nonconscious affect on evaluations of conversations is dependent on the type of cognitive load task. 相似文献
4.
This study examines new explanatory predictors behind the spiral of silence theory, using the issue of legalization of same-sex marriage in Singapore as the context of study. Our results show that fear of isolation and saving face were negatively associated with individuals' willingness to express their opinion on the issue, whereas news attention and issue salience were positively associated. Also, fear of isolation was negatively associated with individuals' willingness to offer a rationale for their opinion, whereas news attention and issue salience were positively associated. Power distance had no effects on outspokenness. Notably, news attention moderated the influence of fear of isolation and saving face on public outspokenness. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this study was to examine how students’ conflict styles (i.e., integrating, avoiding, dominating, obliging, and compromising) were related to the expression of instructional dissent (i.e., expressive, rhetorical, and vengeful). Participants were 160 undergraduate students, who completed a questionnaire measuring their conflict-handling communication with an instructor and how frequently they engaged in instructional dissent throughout the semester. Results of a canonical correlation revealed that (a) when students used the integrating, dominating, and compromising conflict styles, but did not use the avoiding style, they communicated more rhetorical dissent, and (b) when students used the dominating style, but not the integrating or obliging styles, they communicated more expressive, rhetorical, and vengeful dissent. 相似文献
6.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):265-301
This study investigated why conversational participants view their partner more positively than do observers of the conversation. Two factors were hypothesized to account for the positivity bias of participants: self‐presentation concerns and cognitive load. Thirty dyads engaged in a brief conversation and participants subsequently evaluated each other. Observers, assigned to 1 of 4 conditions in a balanced 2x2 (high/low cognitive load by present/absent self‐presentation concerns) design, watched a videotape of one conversation and evaluated one of the conversational participants. Results indicate that cognitive load influenced social competence evaluations yet had minimal influence on affective evaluations. Self‐presentation concerns influenced all evaluations to be more positive; however, its strongest influence was on affective evaluations. Post‐interaction evaluations made by participants and observers were also compared to first impressions of a target (impressions formed after 2—4 seconds of exposure). Evaluations made by participants were significantly more positive than first impressions across all evaluations. Evaluations by observers in the no self‐presentation concerns/low cognitive load condition were more negative than first impressions, although this difference was significant only for the social competence judgments. Implications for theories of person perception and affect are discussed. 相似文献
7.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):207-233
Styles of handling conflict are highly consequential to marital success. The behavioral model predicts that spouses’ accuracy in perceptions of each other will be associated with marital quality, whereas the benevolent perception model predicts that benevolent perceptions, even when objectively inaccurate, will be associated with marital quality. To investigate the role of perceptions of marital conflict styles, 194 couples married for less than five years completed self- and partner-reports of conflict styles and marital satisfaction. Results indicated that spouses were both accurate (i.e., seeing the self the same as one's partner sees the self) and biased (i.e., seeing the partner the same as one sees the self) in their perceptions of each others’ conflict styles. Little support existed for the accuracy model of perception and marital satisfaction, but more consistent support was obtained for the benevolent perception model in which more positively toned perceptions, regardless of their consistency with partners’ self-perceptions, were associated with higher marital satisfaction. Results of actor–partner interdependence analyses revealed numerous actor effects for conflict styles and satisfaction, and partner effects for the styles of conflict engagement and withdrawal and partners’ marital satisfaction. 相似文献
8.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):471-496
This research stresses the need to examine the relationship between topic avoidance and relational correlates (e.g., satisfaction and emotional closeness) from a message production theoretical perspective. Our approach—strategic topic avoidance—offers additional explanatory capabilities as the strategies with which interactants in close relationships avoid topics may be associated with perceptions of the relationship (after accounting for topic avoidance frequency). Moreover, relational correlates may also vary by the combination of overall topic avoidance frequency and certain topic avoidance strategies. The current research, therefore, assessed individuals' topic avoidance frequency levels and the frequency of using topic avoidance strategies in relation to satisfaction and closeness across three different relational types (i.e., significant others, mother–young‐adult, and father–young‐adult relationships). Results suggested that avoiding certain topics, such as current relational concerns, predicted levels of satisfaction and closeness across relationship types; however, cross‐relational differences also emerged. Strategies employed to avoid topics accounted for additional variance in satisfaction and closeness for relationships with significant others and mothers but not fathers. Analyses also demonstrated that overall topic avoidance frequency interacted with topic avoidance strategy use. 相似文献
9.
Contrary to the “different cultures” view of men's and women's communication, prior research on communication values has found only small sex differences in the value placed on various affective and instrumental skills. However, this research has been criticized because college students' values may not reflect those of older individuals, and because it has failed to examine the influence of psychological gender (femininity and masculinity). In the current study, 153 men and 151 women over the age of 40 completed the Communication Functions Questionnaire (a measure of value for eight communication skills), as well as the Bern Sex Role Inventory (a measure of femininity and masculinity). Consistent with past research, sex differences in communication values were few and small. Femininity and masculinity were positively associated with most communication values, and mediatedmost of the observed sex differences. 相似文献
10.
自上个世纪末以来,"全球化"作为支配全球的话语被提升到"无处不在"的高度,世界范围内经济、政治、文化的互动已成不争的事实。我国各具特色的少数民族文化如何避免被这场全球化的大浪潮所淹没,即保持自己的优良传统,又能在与外来文化的交往和碰撞中实现时代性创新,是每个民族要面对并深思的问题。文章以文化自觉为视角,分析了少数民族文化在全球化和现代化浪潮中的边缘化现象,并以知识贫困作为文化自觉的内源性动力成因,剖析以传承文明、唤醒民众文化自觉意识为使命的少数民族地区图书馆的多元文化服务路径。 相似文献
11.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(74):221-232
Summary Online distance learning has the potential to transform higher education more dramatically than any of its predecessor technologies, but not necessarily in the ways that receive the most publicity. The history, obstacles, concerns and apparent future of distance learning are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Robert VanderBerg 《档案与原稿》2013,41(3):136-146
Many within the information field have declared that libraries, archives and museums (LAMs) must collaborate or else face extinction. The convergence of these institutions marks the extreme of this movement, which is currently being driven by technological initiatives that seek to attract new, digitally engaged users. This paper presents some recent initiatives to bring these institutions together and explores the history of exchange between LAMs. Finally, a more pointed examination of archives in museums provides grounds to question the ability of technology to facilitate deep-rooted collaboration. This reading of the history of LAMs and their current challenges raises a concern that convergence is nothing more than a rebranding exercise, in which archives appear vulnerable to lose their defining characteristics. 相似文献
13.
[目的/意义] 基于小共同体本位特征,探讨新生代农民工的社交媒体隐私保护意向形成机制,有助于平台为他们提供优质服务的同时,保障其互联网隐私权益。[方法/过程] 以调节定向理论为基础,紧扣新生代农民工的小共同体本位特征,突出他们的娱乐诉求,构建社交媒体用户隐私保护意向的影响因素模型。通过便利性抽样策略和纸质问卷采集数据,并使用分析软件对研究假设进行验证。[结果/结论] 研究结果证实,新生代农民工对于小共同体内部的隐私环境感知能够直接正向影响感知风险,亦会通过信息敏感度和隐私保护自我效能间接引发感知风险,从而产生隐私顾虑,最终激发其隐私保护意向。感知愉悦性在该路径中具有三重缓冲作用,既会降低新生代农民工的感知风险和隐私顾虑,也会负向调节感知风险对于隐私顾虑的影响强度。 相似文献
14.
[目的/意义]社会化媒体信息隐私泄露事件频繁发生，加剧了用户对信息隐私的担忧，用户在使用社会化媒体过程中是否愿意向平台披露个人信息成为推动社会化媒体平台健康发展的关键。[方法/过程]利用隐私计算理论和沟通隐私管理理论为框架，结合隐私关注，构建社会化媒体用户信息披露意愿影响模型。以微信平台为例，通过问卷调查的方式收集样本数据，使用Smart PLS软件对模型合理性进行验证。[结果/结论]研究发现，感知收益、信任、感知信息控制均正向影响信息披露意愿，隐私关注负向影响信息披露意愿；信任负向影响感知风险；感知信息控制负向影响隐私关注；隐私倾向正向影响隐私关注和感知风险。 相似文献
15.
Elizabeth E. Gardner Lindsey B. Anderson Andrew D. Wolvin 《Qualitative Research Reports in Communication》2017,18(1):27-35
Written feedback is an important but often overlooked aspect of an instructor’s training and responsibilities, even though it is central to student learning. We analyzed 3,071 written instructor comments on a single assignment from 95 sections to understand how immediacy, credibility, and facework are reflected in written feedback. In taking a heuristic approach to data analysis, we found two overarching themes: fostering goodwill and using context-specific feedback. These overlapping themes demonstrated various strategies of instructor immediacy, credibility, and facework that negotiated the instructor–student relationship in conjunction with course content and policies. Examining these themes allowed us to identify strengths and weaknesses in methods of instructor feedback that would not have been visible using traditional quantitative methods of assessment and have practical implications for the administration of our course. 相似文献
16.
Adam Shehata 《Mass Communication and Society》2016,19(6):758-781
Keeping up with what’s going on in the world of politics and current affairs through various news media is commonly seen as important for civic engagement and informed citizenship. Today, however, citizens face more opportunities than ever to select media content according to their personal preferences and interests—leading to what previous research has identified as a polarization between news-seekers and news-avoiders. Given heightened concerns regarding growing shares of news-avoiders in particular, this study analyzes the development, stability, and family influences on Swedish adolescents’ news habits over time. The findings, based on panel survey data among adolescents and their parents, show that (a) news habits are fairly stable at the individual level, (b) parents’ own news consumption is the most consistent predictor of adolescents’ development of news habits, and (c) these family effects are distinct from adolescents’ personal motivations for seeking out news. 相似文献
17.
This experiment (N = 198), conducted just before the 2008 presidential election, set out to examine the effects of tone and sponsorship in current political advertising, the first such study since campaign law began requiring candidates to approve their ads explicitly. In another first, we also examined the role of reactance in responses to political advertising. With regard to tone, positive ads received higher ad evaluation and cognitive response valence scores and less reactance than negative ads, but negative ads led to a greater likelihood of turning out to vote. Moreover, those without a strong candidate preference were more likely to vote for a candidate supported by a negative ad. Sponsorship had little effect on its own, but there were some intriguing interactions with political knowledge such that high-knowledge respondents had less reactance and lower opponent ratings, whereas moderate-knowledge respondents had the opposite reaction. We also found that reactance appears to play a major role in the effects of political advertising. It was associated directly with more negative cognitive responses, ad, and candidate evaluations and indirectly with lower intention to vote for the candidate supported by the ad, but it had no relationship with intent to turn out to vote. 相似文献
18.
This paper investigates the impact of small world properties and the size of largest component on innovation performance at national level. Our study adds new evidence to the limited literature on this topic with an empirical investigation for the patent collaboration networks of 16 main innovative countries during 1975–2006. We combine small world network theory with statistical models to systematically explore the relationship between network structure and patent productivity. Results fail to support that the size of largest component enhances innovative productivity significantly, which is not consistent with recent concerns regarding positive effects of largest component on patent output. We do find that small-world structure benefits innovation but it is limited to a special range after which the effects inversed and shorter path length always correlates with increased innovation output. Our findings extend the current literature and they can be implicated for policy makers and relevant managers when making decisions for technology, industry and firm location. 相似文献
19.
Michael W. Kramer Rebecca J. Meisenbach Glenn J. Hansen 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):18-39
Approximately 25% of Americans volunteer annually (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). As organizational members, they face uncertainty concerning their roles, their relationships, and their organizations (Kramer, 2004). Volunteers likely face different uncertainty management issues than employees who have been the focus of most previous research. Volunteers have a different psychological contract and different motivations than employees (Rousseau, 1990). This study examined issues of uncertainty management of volunteer members in a particular setting, a community choir. In particular, it found that supervisor and peer communication and other internal factors, such as more preparation time and less difficult tasks, were associated with higher levels of certainty for members of a community choir. In addition, higher levels of certainty and additional external factors such as family support for participation and lack of conflicts were associated with higher levels of satisfaction and identification and a greater willingness to recruit for the organization. Results have implications for improving communication to increase volunteers' certainty and increasing their voluntary participation in organizations. 相似文献
20.
B Ruff 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1988,76(1):58-63
The origins and functions of the World Health Organization (WHO) Library and the global, regional, and national objectives of the WHO Health Literature Services Program (HLSP) are reviewed. WHO is an aggregate of nations and not a supra-national body. With limited resources and unlimited needs, HLSP is involved in surveys, training, regional medical libraries, national and regional networks, bibliographic services and document delivery, promotion, coordination, and communication. The basic concept of HLSP eschews internationally-conceived, self-contained technical projects in favor of broad programs based on national planning. Small rural centers receive more attention than large urban hospitals, and preventive medicine together with health education and community involvement are of more immediate concern than curative medicine. National self-reliance implies national initiative but not necessarily national self-sufficiency. Recent planning and implementation of HLSP activities are described. 相似文献