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我国中药产业发展的问题与管理措施——基于产业创新理论的视角 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中药产业发展面临四个方面的问题。根据产业创新理论,分析了中药产业创新的特点和形式,提出了三项管理措施,得出如下主要结论:我国中药产业的发展,最主要靠提高产业创新能力;提升我国中药产业创新能力的主要途径是用产业创新系统思想来指导中药产业发展;中药产业创新的特点决定了中药产业发展应该坚持继承与创新发展战略;产业组织、产业集群、产业链整合等问题可通过积极有效的产业创新政策得到解决。 相似文献
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由于生物产业具有巨大的发展潜力,而我国在生物产业上拥有相当的技术积累,生物技术产业对我国而言至关重要.从创新经济学的观点来看,创新又是产业发展的决定性因素.本文在考察现代生物技术产业技术经济特点和我国生物产业技术创新状况的基础上,对我国生物技术产业国家创新系统作了分析和探讨,阐明了构建我国生物技术产业国家创新系统的实施重点和发展战略. 相似文献
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由于生物产业具有巨大的发展潜力,而我国在生物产业上拥有相当的技术积累,生物技术产业对我国而言至关重要.从创新经济学的观点来看,创新又是产业发展的决定性因素.本文在考察现代生物技术产业技术经济特点和我国生物产业技术创新状况的基础上,对我国生物技术产业国家创新系统作了分析和探讨,阐明了构建我国生物技术产业国家创新系统的实施重点和发展战略. 相似文献
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产业创新系统研究综述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在文献研究的基础上,从产业创新系统的概念、分类、模型研究、与国家创新系统的区剐和联系、与特定产业相结合的实证研究、国内外比较研究、服务创新系统研究以及政策启示等方面对国内外产业创新系统的研究进行了全面回顾和总结,并提出了该领域进一步研究的方向. 相似文献
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研讨会围绕产业哲学基本理论与学科范式、产业与社会发展、科技创新与产业创新、国家创新型城市建设和现代产业发展、高新区和高新技术产业发展等问题,展开了热烈讨论。会议推进了产业哲学研究的进展,开拓了产业论与产业创新学科发展的新阶段。 相似文献
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信息技术(IT)产业是决定国家竞争能力的重要战略性支柱产业,自20世纪90年代以束,中国和印度在世界信息技术(IT)产业领域占据了重要地位.基于国家创新系统视角对中国和印度IT产业创新系统进行比较研究,借鉴印度IT产业创新系统的发展经验,提出符合中国国情的IT产业创新系统发展建议. 相似文献
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德国和美国是电动汽车产业发展最快且成熟度最高的2个国家,其产业创新政策值得我们学习借鉴。从电动汽车未来发展需要提高性能和降低价格的2个方向出发,围绕创新链构建政策分析框架,按照供给型、需求型和环境型的分类对中国、德国和美国电动汽车产业创新政策进行比较并提出政策建议。 相似文献
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模块化背景下后发国家产业技术追赶机理研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
模块化已经成为当今制造业的主流发展趋势,本文主要研究模块化背景下以我国为代表的后发国家的产业技术追赶问题.从产业模块化的原理出发,指出产业模块化的发展推动了产业技术系统的层级化发展,提出基于“关键模块层”的技术平台概念,指出了不同层级技术具有协同发展的特点;后发国家模块化产业的技术追赶是技术水平和技术能力的双重追赶,并明确了技术能力同技术水平之间的关系;通过比较后发国家与发达国家的模块化产业技术的不同发展模式,对后发国家模块化产业的技术追赶机理进行说明.以中国华录.松下电子信息有限公司的技术发展为例,详细分析后发国家模块化产业的技术追赶问题. 相似文献
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为探讨产业模块化和产业创新的互动关系对产业系统演化的影响,从协同论的视角出发建立产业模块化与产业创新的协同度模型,并以我国信息产业2003—2011年数据进行实证分析。结果表明,我国信息产业的模块化子系统和产业创新子系统的有序度大体呈上升趋势,但二者协调发展程度不高且呈现波动演变态势。最后,提出了促进信息产业复合系统协同发展的政策建议。 相似文献
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Simultaneous recovery model for aircraft and passengers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Niloofar Jafari 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(7):1638-1655
Usually some unforeseen events make airlines to reconstruct their schedules. A mathematical model for airlines schedule recovery which recovers aircrafts and disrupted passengers simultaneously is presented in this study. Aircraft recovery decisions affect on passengers but disrupted passengers and recovering them were not explicitly considered in the most previous aircraft recovery models so recovery of these two resources - aircrafts and passengers - concurrently is one of our contributions.The modeling is based on defining the recovery scope as well as employing aircraft rotations and passengers’ itineraries instead of flights. These are two of our other contributions.Our model examines possible flight re-timing, aircraft swapping, ferrying, utilization of reserve aircrafts, cancellation, and passenger reassignment to generate an efficient schedule recovery plan.Model parameters are user-specific therefore it helps airlines to apply their policies in the model. Defining the recovery scope reduces the problem size and ensures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time. The objective is in the form of cost minimization which involves three kinds of cost—operational aircraft recovery, flight cancellation, and delay as well as disrupted passengers. A data set with two disruption scenarios is used to test the proposed model. The computational results show that it is capable of handling the simultaneous aircraft and passenger recovery problem successfully. 相似文献
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针对目前缺乏立足于技术体系研究我国民机制造技术预见和发展的问题,以我国民用飞机总装制造中心S公司为研究对象,采用文献计量法,选取中国知网数据库中相关文献数据,运用CiteSpace软件进行文献关键词共现、聚类分析,将民机制造技术划分为应用基础研究、关键共性技术、前沿颠覆性技术3类包括8个知识子群,建立民机制造技术体系,... 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):128-141
This study identifies relevant innovations and discusses value creation in the aviation industry between 2000 and 2019. Aviation experts with experience in innovation were selected and invited to complete a survey identifying the leading innovations in the industry. This study contributes to recent aviation history by offering a list of innovations and a discussion of technological path dependency and value proposition with examples. This overview is helpful to academics and practitioners to verify how these innovations have shaped the industry worldwide, making it more efficient, agile, sustainable, and safe. The innovations selected comprise consolidated technologies and emerging advances introduced in the timeframe proposed. 33 innovations primarily related to incremental and technical typologies that add value to products were mapped. In addition, this study provides insightful findings by classifying the value created for the aviation sector into five innovation clusters: (1) aircraft technology, adding value in terms of efficiency and sustainability; (2) innovation in passenger services, creating more personalized services and enhancing the customer experience; (3) innovation in flying, adding value in terms of safety and the security environment; (4) business and operational management, improving procedures and revenue; (5) and general applications, adding value in terms of Aviation 4.0 (increases in automation and data exchange, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IOT) and cloud computing). 相似文献
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技术创新系统可分为产品创新系统和工艺创新系统。基于二象对偶理论,将产品创新(工艺创新)系统设计为由以创新绩效为表征的状态子系统和以创新资源协同为度量方法的行为子系统构成的二象系统。分析了技术创新系统子系统的二象特征,构建了技术创新系统协同度模型,采用1995-2008年航空航天器制造业科技活动数据,对航空航天器制造业技术创新系统进行协同度测量及分析。结果表明,我国航空航天器制造业技术创新系统协同发展水平总体不高。其中,提升工艺创新资源协同水平将成为未来航空航天器制造业技术创新系统协调发展的重要任务。 相似文献
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W. B. Walker 《Research Policy》1974,2(4):280-305
The MRCA is being developed by a consortium of British, German and Italian industries. The respective governments supporting the project embarked on it with various economic, political and social objectives in mind. These objectives could only be resolved by a succession of compromises, some of which have proved to be to the detriment of the project.The participating aircraft industries set out to succeed where others had failed; to produce a variable-geometry multi-role aircraft at reasonable cost. The attraction of such an aircraft lies in the possibility of constructing a common structure which can be adapted, without too much extra expense, to carry out various strategic roles. But there are technological hazards to be overcome; the mechanism has to be unusually complicated, a high degree of innovation is demanded, and particular attention has to be paid to the problem of reliability.Considerable technical uncertainty surrounds the MRCA programme, especially with respect to the wing-joints. This uncertainty has been heightened by the unsatisfactory manner in which the development has been divided between the participating countries. The dispersion of engineering between Edinburgh and Turin leads to technological inefficiencies and to severe problems of communication.The Panavia organization was set up with the purpose of keeping the programme under close surveillance and control. Multi-national committees make the decisions. The organization is noted for its bureaucratic procedures and for its inflexibility; deviations from the pre-ordained plan cause considerable expense, delay and dislocation. The collaboration was expected to secure a large market for the aircraft. However, orders have fallen since the beginning of the programme, and further reductions are to be expected. As orders fall, the unit cost of the final product rises. It seems likely that the aircraft will be considerably more expensive than initially predicted.Many of the deficiencies of the MRCA project are evident in other joint programmes, military and civilian. It is concluded that collaboration is inherently an inefficient and uneconomic means of developing aircraft. 相似文献
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我国大型飞机发展战略的思考 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
中国民用航空工业20年来不成功的根本原因在于没有坚持走自主开发的道路,其根源是体制。本文通过理论概括和分析中国发展大飞机的三个历史教训,指出中国民用航空工业要想在21世纪打翻身仗,就必须突破旧的体制并坚持自主创新的方针。 相似文献
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重大建设项目技术创新对于推动建筑业及相关行业的技术进步具有重要的作用,以重大建设项目与复杂产品系统创新过程的对比分析为基础,通过对多个重大建设项目的案例研究提出了重大建设项目技术创新的过程模型,并阐述了过程模型各阶段工作的要点,并以青藏铁路技术创新过程为例,对过程模型进行了深入的验证分析与研究. 相似文献
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终端区航空器的异常轨迹检测是一个崭新的研究领域。异常轨迹检测常使用基于全局特征、轨迹片段、分类器的检测方法,后续又出现了基于划分、蚁群算法、轨迹模型、人工免疫等一系列的改进方法,各具特点。但是以上的方法在准确性、复杂度、评价方法等方面依然存在不足,需要进一步改进和创新。此领域具有良好的发展和应用前景。 相似文献
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The notion of dominant designs refers to dominance in the market, hence the literature on dominant designs ignores the selection process that already takes place in pre-market R&D stages of technological innovation. In this paper we address the question to what extent pre-market selection takes place within an industry and how this may lead to dominance of one design over others before the market comes into play. Furthermore we study what selection criteria apply in the absence of actual market criteria. We do so through a historical analysis of design paths for hydrogen passenger cars.We argue that prototypes are used by firms in their internal search process towards new designs and at the same time as means of communicating technological expectations to competitors and outsiders. In both senses, prototypes can be taken as indicators of design paths in the ongoing search process of an industry.We analyzed the designs of prototypes of hydrogen passenger cars from the 1970s till 2008. A database is compiled of 224 prototypes of hydrogen passenger cars, listing the car's manufacturer, year of construction, hydrogen conversion technology, fuel cell type, and capacity of its hydrogen storage system. The analysis shows to what extent one design gained dominance and which strategies were adopted by the firms in their search processes.We conclude that indeed a dominant prototyping design has emerged: the fuel cell combined with high pressure gaseous storage. Actual and expected performance acted as selection criterion, but so did regulation and strategic behaviour of the firms. Especially imitation dynamics, with industry leaders and followers, is a major explanatory factor. Our main theoretical claim is that the selection of a dominant prototyping design is based on an interaction of sets of expectations about future performance of technological components and regulatory pressure that results in herding behaviour of the firms. 相似文献