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本文运用结构化案例分析方法,通过对英国服务创新政策分类模式、治理结构和政策特征的翔实阐述,以期对我国服务创新政策的制定提供有益借鉴。本研究指出,英国服务创新政策主要分为供应导向型和需求导向型两类模式,其形成了多方参与的共享治理模式,具体特征包括:存在清晰明确、自上而下的决策机制链条;同一层级的部门之间存在横向的协同决策与政策执行;政策效果依赖于自下而上的反馈机制。基于服务创新政策评价清单和政策对比模型,笔者指出,我国服务创新政策体系存在三点不足,即缺乏统一的服务创新治理结构;供应导向型服务创新政策比重过大,需求导向型服务创新政策显著不足;服务创新政策定位存在偏差。基于此,本文最终从完善服务创新治理结构、强化需求导向型服务创新政策、明确服务创新政策定位等方面提出了一系列政策性建议。 相似文献
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赶超型创新政策是任务导向型创新政策的一种类型,为提升企业技术能力提供了新型政策方案,但现有研究对赶超型创新政策如何影响企业技术能力仍未给出充分的理论解释。本文基于产业创新系统理论,构建赶超型创新政策影响路径的分析框架,并进行了实证检验。研究发现：(1)赶超型创新政策通过促进多链融合,发挥“织链结网”的作用,推动企业技术能力提升;(2)服务链关联机构创新参与是赶超型创新政策影响力传导的核心节点,也是连接政府与市场的中间桥梁;(3)创新链关联机构创新参与和产业链关联企业创新参与是赶超型创新政策影响的有效路径,二者协同耦合能够显著提升企业研发投入行为;(4)创新期望与研发投入是企业技术能力提升的决定性因素,也是赶超型创新政策的影响力发挥作用的微观基础。本研究深化了创新政策影响路径研究,对于提升我国企业技术能力具有一定实践意义。 相似文献
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市场经济中的技术创新政策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
市场经济体制下，政府对企业技术创新的政策干预是必要的，也有理论的依据，是弥补市场缺陷引起创新不足的重要任务。创新政策有别于传统的科学技术政策，与产业政策有密切的关系。技术创新是提高国际竞争力最关键的一环，也是未来最有前途的路子。创新政策的任务包括建立及维护Ｒ＆Ｄ基础设施、扶持创新主体、消除创新障碍、培育创新文化和发展教育等方面。为实现这些任务，创新政策借助多种政策手段。创新政策的评估在政策形成、实施、调整及终止等过程中有重要意义，是政策研究的重点内容。在新体制下，当前我国创新政策研究有很多新问题应加以探讨，包括资助政策、购买政策、产业管制政策、科技基础设施、知识产权保护以及创新文化建设等方面。 相似文献
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科技引领社会进步、创新驱动发展的同时,研究与政策逐步关注到创新不确定性、负外部性所引发的影响,创新范式本身的反思开始重视技术创新与社会期望、社会价值的匹配。责任式创新作为创新研究与政策实践的新兴范式受到关注。研究分析了责任式创新的前提条件与问题关注、概念内涵及特征,构建了由行为主体、活动、规范、情境、预测性、自省性、包容性、响应性等要素构成的责任式创新理论框架,并以中国战略性新兴产业发展为例,讨论了责任式创新的政策启示。 相似文献
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脱欧后，英国的科学界面临一系列问题与挑战，包括科研资助短缺、科研创新人才流失、创新能力下降等。科技创新竞争力的下降将对英国经济和社会产生负面影响。对此，英国政府制定了国家层面的科技创新整体战略，从企业、人才、区域和应对重大挑战等4方面对英国科技创新进行规划。针对重点领域，英国政府推出一系列创新战略，并积极成立科技创新机构，出台和实施科技创新政策和举措。英国脱欧后的科技创新举措对我国提升创新能力和全球竞争力具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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科技政策智库是指以科技政策领域重大问题为研究方向,并提供咨询服务的研究结构。科技政策咨询服务能力是由咨询过程要素和基础资源要素共同构成的。运用案例分析法和系统分析法研究了科技政策智库的特点,构建了咨询服务能力的构成要素模型。期待通过这些研究探讨,能促进科技政策智库的专业性水平程度,提高其咨询服务的信度和效度,推进我国决策科学化。 相似文献
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针对创新政策研究中存在的问题，提出了创新政策研究支持系统的概念，并构建了其框架结构。它是为创新政策研究人员的学习、研究提供支持的资源共享互动平台，包括创新政策理论、创新政策工具、创新政策研究基础数据库、创新政策研究、技术支撑平台等主要模块：对系统的主要模块进行了详细设计，并指出了系统的特点和功能。 相似文献
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Markus Grillitsch Teis Hansen Lars Coenen Johan Miörner Jerker Moodysson 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):1048-1061
The orientation towards grand societal challenges can be seen as a new wave or paradigm for innovation policy. Such policy aims at system-wide transformation and is often referred to as system innovation policy. While insights from transition studies have provided novel and useful rationales for innovation policy targeting system-wide transformation, it remains unclear how to design, implement and evaluate such policies. The contribution of this paper is to translate and concretize the challenges of system innovation policy towards scope for policy action and analysis. Building on insights from transition studies we group the challenges into four domains: directionality, experimentation, demand articulation, and policy coordination and learning. We relate challenges within the four domains to three generic features of innovation systems: interests and capabilities of actors, networks, and institutions. The derived framework is applied in a case study on the strategic innovation programmes, a recent policy initiative by Vinnova, Sweden’s Innovation Agency, targeting system innovation. 相似文献
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Market creation is moving to the centre of mission-oriented innovation policy. This is particularly visible in the space sector. Agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) are developing market-creating innovation policies in response to (a) the increasing emphasis on societal grand challenges, (b) the rise of a new wave of space companies (often referred to as “New Space”) and (c) the global trend towards interconnecting and interlinking of industries (a trend referred to as Industry 4.0). In this paper we explore the changing nature of mission-oriented innovation policies for market creation for two agencies, NASA and ESA. For these agencies, earlier mission-oriented policies focused on clear challenges with identifiable concrete problems and directed by a strong centralized agency. Contrast this with today, with broadly defined grand challenges, decentralized innovation systems with mixed top-down and bottom-up problem definition. We describe the current drivers and pressures that are creating a window for policy change, and we present examples of how NASA and ESA are responding to these pressures and use this exploration to dig deeper into the evolving frames of market-creating innovation policy in the space sector to identify the challenges for such policies and to further articulate a research agenda. 相似文献
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The recent policy debates about orientating research, technology and innovation policy towards societal challenges, rather than economic growth objectives only, call for new lines of argumentation to systematically legitimize policy interventions. While the multi-level perspective on long-term transitions has attracted quite some interest over the past years as a framework for dealing with long-term processes of transformative change, but the innovation systems approach is still the dominant perspective for devising innovation policy. Innovation systems approaches stress the importance of improving innovation capabilities of firms and the institutional settings to support them, but they are less suited for dealing with the strategic challenges of transforming systems of innovation, production and consumption, and thus with long-term challenges such as climate change or resource depletion. It is therefore suggested to consider insights from transition studies more prominently in a policy framework that is based on the innovation systems approach and the associated notion of ‘failures’. We propose a comprehensive framework that allows legitimizing and devising policies for transformative change that draws on a combination of market failures, structural system failures and transformational system failures. 相似文献
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战略性新兴产业发展意味着对传统技术轨道的替代,其创新过程会遭遇"失灵"问题,在完全市场机制下,替代无法自动实现,需要政策干预。本文基于针对新能源汽车产业创新政策的实证研究提出:战略性新兴产业发展各阶段的失灵机理和表现不同,政策干预的目标和工具选择也应动态调整;产业创新政策研究和制定应遵循"发展阶段-失灵机理-政策目标-政策工具"的理论框架;NEVI产业的阶段性政策目标未达成的原因包括政策激励的着力点偏差、政策对象不全面和政策工具出台不及时等。本研究具有开拓性,有重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103612
The policy mix concept has become popular in innovation policy literature. It is particularly relevant for complex challenges such as sustainable industrial transitions that require joined-up interventions from different policy domains. Yet finding the right policy mix for a given challenge is strongly conditioned by the governance context in which individual policies emerge and evolve over time. In particular, the evaluation of policy mixes in a regional context is often neglected.This paper aims to deepen understanding of the interaction between governance processes and policy mix evaluation in the specific context of smart specialisation strategies. These newly popular regional innovation strategies are ideal laboratories for analysing policy mixes due to their place-based nature, their directionality, their experimental character and potential orientation towards grand societal challenges, and their complex governance context.The paper builds on the smart specialisation literature, the innovation policy and policy evaluation literature, and the literature on governance in pluralistic contexts to build a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of policy-mix evaluation. The conceptual arguments are illustrated by the Basque Country case in Spain, providing insights on the establishment of a strategic innovation policy mix evaluation process in a complex setting of institutions and actors. 相似文献
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Elisa Giuliani 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1577-1582
Despite progress in science and technology and the economic prosperity achieved by numerous countries over the past century, contemporary global capitalism has left us with severe grand challenges for the future including rising inequality, global warming, modern slavery, child labor and several other human rights struggles. How can we fix them? For many years, scholars and policy makers alike have believed that economic growth (fueled by innovation) would fix institutional failures and lift people out of human misery. We now know that this story creaks. I would suggest that the current grand challenges are related in a non-trivial way to companies’ wrongful business conduct, especially that of large multinational corporations which have grown to rival governments in size, and have proven to be powerful agents capable of shaping the global governance agenda. I challenge technological determinism and ‘transformative change’ frameworks by arguing that the regulation of global capitalism needs to put powerful private actors at center stage since neglecting them will give rise to yet another generation of dysfunctional development and innovation policies. 相似文献
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科技援疆战略提高了新疆创新能力吗? 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):746-757
科技援疆是国家推进新疆边疆少数民族地区自主创新和自我发展，破解区域发展不平衡不充分矛盾的重大战略举措。本文以科技援疆战略为准自然实验，基于2003-2017年西部大开发11个省份的面板数据，利用双重差分法实证检验了科技援疆战略对新疆创新能力的影响，研究发现：科技援疆战略对新疆创新能力产生了显著负向影响，说明科技援疆战略未能有效提高新疆创新能力；而动态效应分析也表明，科技援疆战略不但未能提高新疆创新能力，反而导致新疆区域创新发展陷入了“政策性陷阱”；进一步的影响机制检验结果显示，技术效应、配置效应和结构效应在科技援疆战略对新疆创新能力产生影响中具有中介作用，但三大效应未能有效发挥作用从而产生科技援疆创新资源聚集的 “低效率陷阱”、市场配置援疆创新资源的作用不足、享受政策扶持产业企业对政策的依赖、政策扶持使有竞争力的企业被挤出等，是新疆区域创新发展陷入“政策性陷阱”的重要原因。 相似文献
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中国光纤产业关键核心技术自主可控实现之路 《科学学研究》2022,40(10):1767-1777
在关键核心技术领域，中国光纤产业是少数可比肩高铁技术赶超成就的产业。本文以长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司为例，构建有为政府与机会窗口有效整合的分析框架，揭示和提炼后发企业技术赶超并实现关键核心技术自主可控的演化路径。研究表明，后发企业技术赶超的成功，是因为政府在弥补市场失灵方面起到了不可替代的作用，特别是政府以关键参与者身份创造的制度型市场驱动、引领了企业创新；国有企业作为代表国家意志实现国家战略需求的重要力量，为后发企业迭代“试错”和技术学习提供了支持；在企业技术赶超的不同阶段，面对不同的技术和市场机会窗口，实施差异化的政府干预策略、技术战略和市场战略，是后发企业提升创新绩效的前提和基础。随着企业技术和市场地位的确立，政府的干预力度由强转弱，市场机制的作用由弱变强。 相似文献
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新一轮科技革命与产业变革背景下地方政府纷纷大力发展战略性新兴产业，然而产业政策工具如何组合匹配是一项复杂的系统工程，现已成为地方政府制定战略性新兴产业政策亟待解决的战略问题。本文通过对贵阳市大数据和汨罗市再生资源产业的扎根理论研究发现：（1）政策组合是由战略与工具两部分构成的有机整体，政策战略指引政策行动及保障等政策工具实施过程；（2）政策战略包括产业定位、业务路线和目标规划等要素，并存在“自上而下”预定战略与“自下而上”应急战略两种形成模式；（3）政策行动与保障之间存在“主-辅”协同关系，政策行动作为主导性活动基本围绕企业价值链展开，并需要得到相应要素资源等政策保障支持。本文理论贡献在于探索性地构建了中国区域情境下政策组合的“战略-行动-保障”整合理论模型，并深化了政策工具间内在联系。 相似文献
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Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is borne by a set of historically contingent concepts, models, and metaphors. From around 1950 to 1980, its language was dominated by the contract metaphor and the linear model of innovation, both of which have catered for beliefs in stability, orderliness, and distinct social roles for scientists and policymakers. While prominent new models of the 1990s (mode 2, post-normal science, triple helix) had challenged the old contract metaphor, they remained experts’ brainchildren. After 2000, in contrast, we observe the emergence and pluralization of several new and powerful concepts. Building on conceptual history and cognitive linguistics, we analyze three of these new concepts: “frontier research,” “grand challenges,” and “responsible research and innovation” (RRI). Whereas the “frontier” and “grand challenges” convey many layered historical meanings, a distinct metaphorical appeal, and have become popularized beyond expert’s communities, the RRI discourse, though the most ambitious one, has not yet shaken off its roots in the bureaucratic structures of the European Commission. Finally, we discuss which conceptual and metaphorical properties enable the career of STI policy discourses in the 21st century. 相似文献