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1.
Dennis T. Lowry 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):239-244
When radio and television are touted as the “greatest media for education” or the “promoting of social change” that the world has ever known, the need of the developing countries of the world for these media is often cited. It is probable that most citizens of the United States think of “developing nations” as those newly‐formed countries of Asia and Africa whose political, social and economic problems often are featured in the day's news reports. However, there are more than a score of developing nations in the western hemisphere, and one of these is right at the back door of the U. S. This country, Mexico, has been using radio and television effectively for a major literacy program since 1965, and the following article describes that program. Dennis Lowry is a doctoral candidate in mass communication in the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Information for this article was gathered during a six‐week study trip to Mexico in the summer of 1968. 相似文献
2.
《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(3):257-275
The history of journalism is reflected in the philatelic issues of various countries. Stamps of the United States, the Soviet Union, Fmnce, the German Democratic Republic, Sweden, Spain, the nations of South America and the Third World depict mastheads and pages of newspapers and periodicals, portraits of their publishers and editors, press buildings and associations, schools of journalism, newsboys. Authors commemorated on postage stamps for publications unrelated to periodicals are included because of their early and important association with serials. Journals used for purposes of political propaganda have also been recognized philatelically. A brief treatment of this subject was included in the author's "Bibliately," which appeared in the American Philatelist from January 1977 through July 1977. 相似文献
3.
《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(3):502-514
Electronic diplomacy (E-diplomacy) is the use of technology by nations to define and establish diplomatic goals and objectives and to efficiently carry out the functions of diplomats. These functions include representation and promotion of the home nation, establishing both bilateral and multilateral relations, consular services and social engagement. It encapsulates the adoption of multiple ICT tools over the Internet to support a nation's interests in other countries while ensuring that foreign relations are improved between the countries. Given its embryonic nature, little scholarly research has been undertaken to study its influence on diplomatic functions and the various factors that influence its implementation. This paper applies the Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) methodological approach to identify factors that impact the implementation of e-diplomacy and to determine their causal relationship and rankings. This study applies the ISM methodology to the subject of e-diplomacy. The ISM-based model provides a framework for practitioners to aid decision-making and manage the implementation of e-diplomacy. 相似文献
4.
Andrew C. Billings Natalie A. Brown Kenon A. Brown Guoqing Mark A. Leeman Simon Ličen 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):910-932
To measure relationships between Olympic media viewing and nation-based attitudes, 6 nations (Australia, Bulgaria, China, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and the United States) were surveyed in the 5 days immediately after the 2012 London Olympics. A total of 1,025 respondents answered questions pertaining to four measures of nationalism: patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness. The amount of Olympic viewing resulted in significantly higher scores for patriotism, nationalism, and smugness, but not internationalism. In addition, differences by nation are reported, revealing considerable differences in nationalism measures among the 6 nations studied; for instance, the United States was the lowest of the 6 nations regarding internationalism yet highest of the 6 nations regarding smugness. Conclusions related to theory and the role of Olympic media content are offered. 相似文献
5.
In this study, sanitized coverage of the United States’ use of military drone strikes in foreign countries is pitted against more graphic news images in an experimental setting to determine effects on attitudes toward the use of U.S. military drones. In addition, multiple news exposures are tested to determine whether individuals can become emotionally inured to such coverage, even when images are more graphic. Key results find those who viewed graphic news visuals did not show evidence of desensitization after repeated viewing and expressed higher levels of concern regarding drone use but not reduced support for U.S. drone policy. 相似文献
6.
《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(2):133-156
This article compares the quiz show Who Wants to be a Millionaire as it has been produced in 7 different countries-the United States, Russia, Poland, Norway, Finland, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. Through content analysis of 2,233 questions collected from 73 programs, the study aims to ascertain globalization and knowledge hierarchy as they manifest in a successful television program. The Nordic productions of Millionaire were rather similar to one another, as were shows from Russia and Poland, and-to a lesser extent-programs from the United States and Israel. Cultural proximity between nations correlated with similarity in content. The quiz show in larger nations included more questions about universal issues and fewer questions about local issues, in contrast to quiz shows from smaller European countries. Western quiz shows emphasized light entertainment, whereas the Saudi show and those from Russia and Poland brought to the foreground language and history. In terms of knowledge hierarchy, in all the countries academic knowledge yielded more valuable prizes than everyday knowledge. 相似文献
7.
Gordon Davis 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):113-119
For the past several years the Journal has tried to present articles describing the organization of broadcasting in nations other than the United States. The African continent has, until now, been neglected in this series. It has long been held by many educators and social scientists that radio has a great potential in the effort of the many new nations in Africa to emerge into the 20th Century. 相似文献
8.
认为阅读障碍症是一种隐性疾病,已经受到欧美、日本等多个地区和国家的诸多图书馆的关注。美国公共图书馆的阅读障碍症群体服务在理论和实践方面有很多值得我国图书馆学习借鉴之处。通过对8所美国公共图书馆进行调查,分析美国图书馆为开展阅读障碍症群体服务如何进行部门设置、寻求合作机构及合作途径等,总结出对美国图书馆阅读障碍症群体服务的几点思考：加强阅读障碍症服务相关立法,发挥图书馆协会的作用;动员社会多方力量参与,加强社会交流与合作;注重阅读障碍症相关知识的宣传,畅通公众信息获取渠道;完善阅读障碍症服务设施,营造良好的阅读环境。 相似文献
9.
Stephen M. Croucher Flora Galy-Badenas Piia Jäntti Emily Carlson Ziying Cheng 《Communication Research Reports》2016,33(2):128-136
This study explored relationships between argumentativeness and collectivism/individualism in Finland and the United States. Data were gathered in the United States (n = 412) and Finland (n = 261). The analysis suggested: (a) collectivism was negatively correlated with argumentativeness, (b) individualism was positively correlated with argumentativeness, and (c) Finnish participants reported lower levels of argumentativeness than Americans. Cultural differences between the United States and Finland are discussed as reasons for the differences between the nations on argumentativeness. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):29-42
Within the field of bibliometrics, there is sustained interest in how nations “compete” in terms of academic disciplines, and what determinants explain why countries may have a specific advantage in one discipline over another. However, this literature has not, to date, presented a comprehensive structured model that could be used in the interpretation of a country's research profile and academic output. In this paper, we use frameworks from international business and economics to present such a model.Our study makes four major contributions. First, we include a very wide range of countries and disciplines, explicitly including the Social Sciences, which unfortunately are excluded in most bibliometrics studies. Second, we apply theories of revealed comparative advantage and the competitive advantage of nations to academic disciplines. Third, we cluster our 34 countries into five different groups that have distinct combinations of revealed comparative advantage in five major disciplines. Finally, based on our empirical work and prior literature, we present an academic diamond that details factors likely to explain a country's research profile and competitiveness in certain disciplines. 相似文献
11.
Kathleen A. Amos 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2014,102(2):87-91
This study explored national differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication in retracted biomedical literature. The national affiliations of authors and reasons for retraction of papers accessible through PubMed that were published from 2008 to 2012 and subsequently retracted were determined in order to identify countries with the largest numbers and highest rates of retraction due to plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors from more than fifty countries retracted papers. While the United States retracted the most papers, China retracted the most papers for plagiarism and duplicate publication. Rates of plagiarism and duplicate publication were highest in Italy and Finland, respectively. Unethical publishing practices cut across nations. 相似文献
12.
Ranging from enhanced media exposure to increased athlete mentions, to biased on-air dialogues, nationalism percolates within the mosaic of the Olympic media framework. This study incorporates the dialogue of 2 national telecasts (United States and China) of 5 sports to determine the degree to which the 2 athletic superpowers framed athletic performances using “us vs. them” dichotomies. Significant differences were uncovered within discourse taxonomical attributions, leading to a conclusion that the telecasts from these two nations described the same athletic performances in substantially different manners which were largely based on whether the athlete competed for the United States or China. 相似文献
13.
Sanne Kruikemeier Adrian Paul Aparaschivei Hajo G. Boomgaarden Guda Van Noort Rens Vliegenthart 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):821-850
This study provides a systematic investigation of party and candidate websites across five countries. It examines three prominent features of current online political communication (interactivity, political personalization, and mobilization). Furthermore it assesses to what extent country, party, and source characteristics explain differences in the usage of these features. In total, 63 websites and 416 pages in Germany, Romania, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Great Britain were subject to a systematic content analysis. The findings suggest that differences in party and source characteristics explain variation in levels of mobilization, interactivity, and personalization, with, for example, party websites trying to mobilize citizens while websites belonging to politicians are used as a platform for self-promotion. In general, results show that the division of countries into East and West European is less important. 相似文献
14.
This study examines the impact of gender on attitudes towardsmarriage and divorce in the United States, Great Britain, WestGermany, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, and Ireland. The resultssuggest a basic similarity in attitudes across nations and genderdifferences only in relation to divorce attitudes. For theseseven countries at least, while gender is an important factorin explaining attitudes towards divorce, it has no significantimpact in relation to marriage attitudes. 相似文献
15.
《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(1):5-22
Massive projects from the University of Bath in the late 1960's brought knowledge of how scholars use social science information up to the level of similar knowledge for the natural sciences. Persistent themes of selected studies since Bath include: Social, like natural, scientists tend to use private sources and informal networks rather than libraries; value of citation studies as guides to library collection building is disputed: machine access to social science data bases is increasing and is accepted but trained operators are required; social science research findings are reaching and influencing policy makers to a greater extent than previously thought. 相似文献
16.
Bradford W. Morse 《Archival Science》2012,12(2):113-140
This article highlights the extent to which international law has changed rapidly in recent years in relation to the rights
of Indigenous peoples generally and in particular how this impacts upon the legal status of traditional knowledge and culture.
It reviews the recognition of the unique legal status of Māori in Aotearoa and Aboriginal peoples in Canada in relation to
self-determination and how their changing place within these nations are affecting the operations of museums, libraries, and
archives as case studies, illustrating some of the key legal and practical challenges that now impinge upon the work of archivists
and related professionals in many countries. 相似文献
17.
[目的/意义] 研究Altmetrics指标的主要特征及其与传统文献计量指标的相关性,以及它们随时间的演化情况;同时,基于Altmetrics指标全面评价学术论文的社会影响力和学术影响力,对于发展和完善Altmetrics计量系统至关重要。[方法/过程] 以2014-2016年Altmetric Top 100论文为样本,对每年的高Altmetrics指标论文的来源期刊、学科分布、获取方式、作者地域及研究机构分布进行统计分析,并讨论这些论文的社会影响力,同时对论文的Altmetric分数与其Web of Science上的被引频次进行相关性分析,研究相关性随时间的动态演化。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明,高Altmetrics指标论文主要来源于一些高影响因子期刊,其学科主要集中于医疗健康与生物科学,论文作者主要来自于欧美发达国家的高水平研究机构,且高Altmetrics指标论文中开放及自由获取的比例逐年增加;Altmetric分数能够定量地反映学术论文在社交和新闻媒体上被公众关注的程度,从而在一定程度上体现出学术论文的社会影响力;高Altmetrics指标论文的Altmetric分数与其被引频次存在一定正相关,表明高Altmetrics指标论文同时具有较高的学术影响力。 相似文献
18.
The environmental movement is one of the most successful socialmovements of the twentieth century, and a key reason for itssuccess has been strong public approval of the movement's goalof environmental protection. This paper reports cross-nationaldata on public approval of environmental protection relativeto approval of the goals of other major ‘new social movements’—theanti-nuclear power movement, the nuclear disarmament movement,the women's movement, the human rights movement and the animalrights movement—in Western Europe and the United States.The data come from a 1990 ‘lifestyles and attitudes’survey conducted by Gallup for Reader's Digest, based on nationallyrepresentative samples in the United States and seventeen Europeannations, and show higher public approval for environmental protectionthan for the goals of other new social movements. 相似文献
19.
Information and knowledge are an increasingly important part of trade in today's knowledge society. The concept of access to this information and knowledge is at the heart of such a society. Basically, this access depends on two types of factors, technological and cultural. The technological factors determine the physical requirements for disseminating information including communications, transportation, printing, and the technology of organizing information. The cultural factors determine to what extent the people who possess the knowledge are willing to share it and place it in social domain. (Adapted from Mokyr, J. [(2002). The Knowledge society: Theoretical and historical underpinnings. Retrieved May 22, 2005, from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan011602.pdf]).To make effective use of information/knowledge, it has to be shared and distributed, and its transmission through learning is essential. The world vision of a truly global knowledge partnership becomes possible only when the people of the developing countries participate as both contributors and users of knowledge. There is, therefore, a need not only to bring global knowledge to the developing countries, but also to learn about indigenous knowledge (IK) from these countries, paying particular attention to the knowledge base of the poor. 相似文献
20.
Sheila Egoff 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):265-279
AbstractIn Great Britain and the United States common developmental issues have resulted in the evolution of two very different models of school library provision. In the United States, school libraries are integrated media centers, separate from public library influence, staffed by specialists with dual training in teaching and librarianship, and dedicated to an educational mission. British school libraries are contested terrain with two patterns of staffing, support by Public Library Services, and incomplete formulation of mission and rationale. This article discusses five factors which have facilitated or retarded school library development in the two countries (standards, staffing and certification, government support, rationale, professionalization) and generalizes about development factors and the successful promotion of school libraries. 相似文献