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中美研究型大学R&D经费与"创业性"表现比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对比中美两国高校R&D经费与"创业性"表现后发现:与美国比较相似,我国R&D经费投入集中于少数重点研究型大学,这些重点研究型大学的创业能力也较其他层次高校突出,我国研究型大学R&D经费投入来源上并不单一,但政府和企业在R&D经费投入绝对量上还远低于美国研究型大学;我国研究型大学与美国研究型大学在创业能力上距离较小,在各项指标上均明显超过了同等级美国研究型大学,我国重点研究型大学的"创业性"表现也达到甚至超过了美国顶尖研究型大学.国家应进一步加大对研究型大学(特别是重点研究型大学)的R&D经费投入,高校自身也应不断拓宽R&的经费来源与数量;进一步加大官产学的合作力度,不断提高我国研究型大学的创新创业能力,为国家和地区的经济社会发展服务. 相似文献
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研究型大学科技创新的意义及对策研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
章论述了研究型大学科技创新的意义,并详尽分析了增强研究型大学科技创新应采取的对策：教师队伍建设是研究型大学增强科技创新的核心;学科建设是研究型大学增强科技创新的关键;环境、氛围和机制是研究型大学增强科技创新的保证;高校高新技术产业化是研究型大学增强科技创新最直接的体现。 相似文献
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从20世纪50年代起,美国研究型大学的科研路径开始从"科学推动"向"技术商业化"转变。研究型大学在美国国家创新系统的形成过程中发挥了重要的作用,其中最具代表性的特征就是研究型大学与产业部门合作的全面繁荣。研究型大学中日益扩展的与产业部门的合作研发、技术转移、专利许可等活动,在使大学知识资本化的同时,也深刻地改变了大学的运行逻辑及其内部结构。 相似文献
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本文通过对美国两所高校大气科学专业的课程设置与教学过程的分析,就中美研究型大学对学生创新意识培养的差异做了比较,介绍了美国高校"荣誉"课程的设置、特色及其在学生创新思维培养过程中的作用,并和我国研究型大学开展的"课外科技学术活动"进行了对比。基于对中、美研究型大学教学过程中学生创新意识培养差异的探讨,旨在为我国研究型大学建设中改进教学过程和课程设置工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《美国竞争法》对我国研究型大学研发的启示——兼评中美研究型大学研发现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《美国竞争法》是美国以研究型大学为重要研发基地,加大研发经费投入,实施系列教育、科研创新项目,为提升国家竞争力而实施的新战略。本文主要分析《美国竞争法》研发经费的投入与其制定的教育、科研创新项目,并从研发经费投入的强度、来源、支出结构及其学术成果方面对中美研究型大学研发作比较分析,以期为我国研究型大学研发的改善和国家竞争力的提升提供借鉴。 相似文献
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胡长生 《江西教育学院学报》2006,27(3):98-102
美国高校科技创新创业的推进机制主要表现在,国家对高校科技创新的高度重视,以市场为导向、充分发挥“风险投资”的作用和以世界一流研究型大学为依托等,正因为如此,其科技创新能力日益显著且后劲明显。其重要作用突出表现在其科技创新和创业能力的提高上,它不仅促进了高校自身水平的提升,也为美国经济的发展注入了强心剂,因此也增强了美国的综合国力。 相似文献
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科技创新是研究型大学的本质要求 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
科技部和教育部联合制定的《关于充分发挥高等学校科技创新作用的若干意见》，进一步确立了高等学校在国家创新体系中的重要地位，明确了新时期高校的历史使命，对高校的发展有着非常深远的意义。高校在国家创新体系中地位的确立，使科技创新的重任同时也落在了高校的肩上，研究型大学更是责无旁贷。一、科技创新是研究型大学的本质要求“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。”创新是高水平研究型大学建设与发展的精髓。在不久前召开的中外大学校长论坛上，几位世界名牌大学的校长，都谈到了什么是研究型大学，让我们充分… 相似文献
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正大学是国家创新体系中的一个重要组成部分,建设高水平研究型大学,把知识创新和经济发展、社会进步紧密地连接在一起,对加速科技创新、建设创新型国家有着重要意义。学术科研是研究型大学建设之源。大学间的竞争主要表现为学术实力的竞争,高校竞争力也主要体现在科技创新能力上。因此,探索构建研究型大学创新体系,将对中国大学跻身世界一流起到至关重要的作用。"十二五"规划实施以来,在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020 相似文献
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跨国公司研发投资对东道国影响研究综述——基于发展中东道国创新能力视角 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李钧 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,39(3):109-114
随着跨国公司在发展中东道国研发投资的加大，从发展中东道国创新能力视角研究跨国公司海外研发的影响逐渐受到关注。已有文献主要从跨国公司海外研发机构的类型演变、与地方研发机构的相互作用、跨国公司海外研发对发展中东道国创新能力的影响效应以及实证分析等角度展开。但是，这类相关研究尚有待深化，特别是影响机制与实证研究方面需要进一步加强。 相似文献
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政府R&D税收激励对企业基础研究的作用还未被证实。基于2009-2016年《中国统计年鉴》和《工业企业科技活动统计年鉴》联合数据筛选出基础研究、R&D税收减免数据,本文运用面板回归方法验证了中国R&D税收激励政策对企业基础研究的激励效应。研究发现,第一,目前中国R&D税收激励政策对企业基础研究存在挤出效应。第二,进一步细分R&D税收优惠政策,结果表明研发加计扣除政策对企业基础研究作用不明显,而高新技术企业15%税率式优惠政策显著挤出了企业基础研究支出;第三,政府R&D税收优惠政策对企业基础研究失灵的原因在于政府"一刀切"的R&D税收减免实施标准,即基础研究和试验发展支出采取统一的减免力度,导致R&D税收激励政策对试验发展支出产生了较高的显著减税效应。该标准会诱导利润最大化的企业开展低质量创新。本文的实证结论揭示了我国R&D税收优惠政策的不足,也从政策视角重新给出了中国企业基础研究投入不足的一个新解释。 相似文献
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R&D模式是由基础研究、应用研究和开发研究构成的连续体。在教育研究中,这一模式不仅受到行动研究的消解,而且招致研究者的观念偏差,在实践中已处于边缘化和失衡的境况之中。要改变这种境况,教育研究者应正确认识R&D模式的内在价值,着力从R&D模式的深化、思维方式的转换、评价研究的拓展、转化机制的建立等方面探寻出路。 相似文献
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The number of university–industry R&D partnerships (UIPs) has increased significantly over the past decade, in most OECD countries and in Australia, yet the study of risk in such commercially focused collaborative ventures is still a developing area. This review paper seeks to contribute to debate on this increasingly important phenomenon by addressing three key areas of risks for universities in entering such collaborations. The commercialization of research findings presents particular risks to universities, most notably the possibility of financial loss, which has a greater impact than for companies in cross‐sector collaborations. Another major type of risk faced by universities is relational risk, and this can significantly alter the trust dynamics that underpin research and innovation. There are also institutional risks to universities and their research staff engaged in commercializable R&D and, ultimately, to their reputation as a neutral source of expertise. It is argued there is a need for universities in Australia to develop comprehensive policies to manage the risks of commercialization and R&D collaboration with industry partners. 相似文献
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Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research Activities: Are Research Universities Doing a Better Job? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Engaging undergraduate students in research activities has been advocated as an innovative strategy to improve American higher
education (Boyer Commission, Reinventing undergraduate education: A blueprint for America’s research universities. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stony Brook, NY, 1998). This study compared the frequency of undergraduate
student research experiences at different types of colleges and universities from the early 1990s through 2004. The results
indicate that the frequency of student research experiences increased since 1998 at all types of institutions and that students
at research universities were not more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to have such experiences. The findings were
consistent across major fields. To live up to their claims, research universities must find additional ways to involve undergraduates
in research with faculty members.
Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D.
in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on postsecondary access and persistence,
college student experience, and higher education finance.
George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University
Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate
education.
Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor in Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Bachelor’s degree
from Shaw University, Master’s degree from Auburn University, and Ph.D. in Higher Education from The Ohio State University.
Her research focuses on college student learning and development. 相似文献
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May Britt Postholm 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(4):551-565
This article focuses on the theoretical frame of action research and the teacher as researcher, working through a Norwegian Research Council‐funded project in a school that explored learning strategies for pupils’ subject and social development. Action research is here called research and development (R&D) work as the term envisages that research and development are being conducted at the same time. Additionally, the term reflects the fact that the research is conducted within the framework of activity theory and Engeström’s expansive learning circle in which work is termed R&D. The article describes the possibilities and challenges for both teachers and researchers cooperating in R&D projects. Reflection on observed teaching are presented as a central activity in development work, covering the form and content of reflective dialogues; quotations from teachers are provided to show how the teachers experienced observation and reflection. The article discusses whether teachers become researchers, or whether they only develop in their role as teachers. The close cooperation between teachers and researchers in this work is also presented as a model for further education for teachers in‐service and for the training of teacher students. 相似文献
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This study uses panel data to examine the relationship between faculty employment and external R&D expenditures at Research and Doctoral institutions over a 15-year period of time. On average, a 1% increase in the number of full-time faculty is associated with about 0.2% increase in total R&D expenditure. Further, a one percentage point increase in the share of full-time faculty members that are not on tenure-track lines is associated with a decrease in total external R&D expenditure by about 0.6%, suggesting that full-time faculty that are tenured or on tenure-tracks are the main category of faculty that generate external R&D funding. Further, our results suggest that an increasing usage of part-time faculty, holding constant the institution's full-time faculty size, boosts an institution's external R&D expenditures. On average, a one percentage point increase in the share of part-time faculty members is associated with a 0.44% increase in the total external R&D expenditures. Increases in graduate student enrollments are associated with increases in external R&D expenditures. Finally, an institution's external R&D expenditures are significantly influenced by both the amount of its own institutionally financed research expenditures and the level of federal funding for research. 相似文献
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匡益明 《晋城职业技术学院学报》2021,(2)
高职教师在完成教学任务的同时也应不断提升其知识层级和科研能力,教学与科研两者可相互促进。高职院校通过产教融合、校企合作将企业研发创新链和教育科研创新链映射对接,建立双链对接模型下的“一二三”科研体系,可以培养教师科研创新能力、规范科研管理、帮助中小型企业解决研发创新“痛点”等。 相似文献
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周建鹏 《广东轻工职业技术学院学报》2006,5(1):26-29
主要从中国研究与开发（R＆D）的投入、产出以及绩效三个方面来和世界发达国家进行比较。其中,投入部分包括经费和人员的投入;产出部分则主要选取了科技论文发表数量和专利产出数目两个指标;绩效对比则按照每单位投入的平均产出来衡量。通过国际比较,可以清楚地认识到目前中国的研发实力和发达国家的差距,并分析其中的原因,找出相应对策。 相似文献
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Two large independent sources of data, NSF's University Science Statistics Program Integrated Data Base and CHI Research's bibliometric data base, are brought together in a comprehensive study of the relationships among research resources, as measured by R&D expenditures, and research output, as measured by the quantity and visibility of scientific journal articles. The study is based on approximately 500 U.S. colleges and universities. For each of 11 fields of science, there is strong indication of a linear relationship between R&D expenditures and number of papers. The evidence also indicates a positive relationship between number of cites received per paper and number of papers published, but only for papers published in the basic research journals of the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. 相似文献