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1.
陆春敏 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(6):104-106
通过对参加2006年全国残疾人乒乓球锦标赛轮椅组运动员、教练员等进行现场观测、调查访问,并查阅相关文献资料,结果表明:我国轮椅乒乓球运动起步较晚;运动员体育基础和理论知识比较薄弱;教练员的数量和经验不足;训练不系统,经费投入少,训练条件不完善等弊端。为此,提出了提高我国轮椅乒乓球运动水平的对策和建议。 相似文献
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本文采用平面定点定机摄像法对4名国际级乒乓球运动员的正手近远台攻球技术进行录像拍摄,采用美国APAS录像分析系统进行录像解析,获取近远台攻球技术动作各个阶段的定量运动学数据。结果表明:受试者远台击球时刻肘关节角度明显大于近台击球时肘关节角度;肘关节角速度的变化遵循慢——快——慢的节奏;在挥拍击球阶段远台攻球时肩关节角度明显大于近台;正手攻球过程中重心位移变化近台大于远台但重心移动速度远台大于近台。 相似文献
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通过数理统计法,访谈法等,对第十三届北京残奥会中、外乒乓球运动员文化、职业、奖牌分布进行对比分析,找出我国残疾人乒乓球队继续发展存在的潜在问题,如训练经费少、赛事组织少,训练时间不能保证、重视程度不够等,对我国残疾人乒乓球队继续发展提出可行的建议,如增加资金支持,加大对残疾人乒乓球运动员的文化教育。拓宽选材的渠道。 相似文献
4.
乒乓球是中国的"国球",进攻、对抗和防守是其基本的运动模式,在实际的运动过程中,运动员既要具备良好的体能素质以及快速的反应能力,又要拥有坚定的毅力。因此,在乒乓球日常训练中运动员的体能训练具有十分重要的作用。本文以体能训练切入点,主要针对乒乓球训练中的体能训练方法进行分析,以期为强化乒乓球运动员的综合素质提供借鉴。 相似文献
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目的:了解不同性别乒乓球运动员完成并步、跳步、跨步3种常用步法时膝关节的负荷特征,并探析乒乓球运动员膝关节的损伤机制。方法:对乒乓球男、女各10名运动员完成3种常用步法动作时的下肢运动学、动力学数据进行采集和处理,并运用方差分析法比较不同性别、不同技术之间的差异。结果:受试者在完成3种步法过程中,膝关节屈角大致范围在20°~60°。当地面反作用力最大时,女运动员比男运动员表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05),跳步比并步和跨步表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05);在三维受力方面,膝关节受到垂直方向上的力最大,水平向后和向左的力次之,未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异;在三维力矩方面,膝关节受到的伸膝力矩较大,也未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异。结论:膝关节屈曲状态下,较大的地面反作用力和膝关节外展角易导致乒乓球运动员前交叉韧带损伤,女运动员的损伤风险小于男运动员,跳步的损伤风险小于并步和跨步;水平向后和向左的力易造成乒乓球运动员软骨和半月板损伤;过大的伸膝力矩易导致乒乓球运动员髌腱末端病和髌骨软化。 相似文献
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乒乓球运动员发球落点判断过程中视觉搜索的眼动特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用眼动记录技术,对乒乓球运动员与普通大学生的眼动规律进行实验研究,分析乒乓球运动员在运动情景中视觉搜索的特征.结果显示:乒乓球运动员在处理运动情景信息过程中,在反应时和准确性方面具有明显优势;乒乓球运动员在运动情景中的视觉搜索存在时间、空间上的优势. 相似文献
7.
运用调查法、观察法、统计法、文献综述法对河南省中牟乒乓球馆不同多球训练密度对少儿乒乓球运动员的影响进行分析。结果显示：多球训练的密度过大对少儿运动员生理心理方面产生很大的副作用，严重脱离了少儿身心发展特点；密度过小，体现不出多球训练的作用。因此适宜训练密度对少儿乒乓球运动员有着非常重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
笔者通过对2010年全国残疾人乒乓球锦标赛盲人组运动员、教练员等工作人员进行调查访问、现场观察,并查阅相关文献资料,结果表明：天津、北京、辽宁、江苏比赛成绩较好;教练员与裁判员的盲人乒乓球专业知识与经验不足;运动员选材方法单一;群众基础差;没有系统的训练方法;国内比赛举行次数太少。在此基础上,对我国盲人乒乓球运动存在的问题进行分析,为该项目在训练及管理等方面提供可参考依据。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、专家访谈法,录像统计法和乒乓球技战术数据统计法等,对世界优秀乒乓球男子运动员处理关键球进行分析研究。结果表明：在进入关键球阶段,运动员发球时加强了上旋球的使用机率;在击球落点的运用上,发球和第三板主要注重左路的运用,而在第五板及以后落点运用相对灵活多变,胜方运动员在主动进攻时,进攻技术运用的比例呈现出波浪状,关键时刻胜方和负方在接发球时,对于落点,线路和技术类型的运用没有大的差异;暂停作为技战术的一部分,暂停时机的运用时于运动员比赛胜负有较大的影响。 相似文献
10.
1.体能训练综述(1)体能训练的发展现状:目前在乒乓球训练中,普遍存在着对体能训练特别是专项体能训练不够重视的现象。很多教练员认为运动员的身体素质与提高技术无关,练技术比练素质重要。在安排体能训练时运动强度小,训练方法单调,造成运动员身体素质差,体能恢复慢,不能承受大运动量的训练和比赛,直接影响了比赛的成绩。(2)体能训练的分类:体能训练分为一般体能训练和专项体能训练。乒乓球的专项身体素质包括速度素质、灵敏素质、力量素质、耐力素质等。2.专项速度素质训练(1)专项速度素质:在乒乓球比赛中,要求判断快、反应快、起动快、挥… 相似文献
11.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between force and velocity parameters during a specific multi-articular upper limb movement--namely, hand rim propulsion on a wheelchair ergometer. Seventeen healthy able-bodied females performed nine maximal sprints of 8 s duration with friction torques varying from 0 to 4 N x m. The wheelchair ergometer system allows measurement of forces exerted on the wheels and linear velocity of the wheel at 100 Hz. These data were averaged for the duration of each arm cycle. Peak force and the corresponding maximal velocity were determined during three consecutive arm cycles for each sprint condition. Individual force-velocity relationships were established for peak force and velocity using data for the nine sprints. In line with the results of previous studies on leg cycling or arm cranking, the force-velocity relationship was linear in all participants (r = -0.798 to -0.983, P < 0.01). The maximal power output (mean 1.28 W x kg(-1)) and the corresponding optimal velocity (1.49 m x s(-1)) and optimal force (52.3 N) calculated from the individual force-velocity regression were comparable with values reported in the literature during 20 or 30 s wheelchair sprints, but lower than those obtained during maximal arm cranking. A positive linear relationship (r = 0.678, P < 0.01) was found between maximal power and optimal velocity. Our findings suggest that although absolute values of force, velocity and power depend on the type of movement, the force-velocity relationship obtained in multi-articular limb action is similar to that obtained in wheelchair locomotion, cycling and arm cranking. 相似文献
12.
Frédérique Hintzy Nicolas Tordi Eric Predine Jean-Denis Rouillon Alain Belli 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):921-926
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between force and velocity parameters during a specific multi-articular upper limb movement – namely, hand rim propulsion on a wheelchair ergometer. Seventeen healthy able-bodied females performed nine maximal sprints of 8?s duration with friction torques varying from 0 to 4?N?·?m. The wheelchair ergometer system allows measurement of forces exerted on the wheels and linear velocity of the wheel at 100 Hz. These data were averaged for the duration of each arm cycle. Peak force and the corresponding maximal velocity were determined during three consecutive arm cycles for each sprint condition. Individual force–velocity relationships were established for peak force and velocity using data for the nine sprints. In line with the results of previous studies on leg cycling or arm cranking, the force–velocity relationship was linear in all participants (r?=??0.798 to ?0.983, P?<0.01). The maximal power output (mean 1.28?W?·?kg?1) and the corresponding optimal velocity (1.49?m?·?s?1) and optimal force (52.3?N) calculated from the individual force–velocity regression were comparable with values reported in the literature during 20 or 30?s wheelchair sprints, but lower than those obtained during maximal arm cranking. A positive linear relationship (r?=?0.678, P?<0.01) was found between maximal power and optimal velocity. Our findings suggest that although absolute values of force, velocity and power depend on the type of movement, the force–velocity relationship obtained in multi-articular limb action is similar to that obtained in wheelchair locomotion, cycling and arm cranking. 相似文献
13.
Marjolaine Astier Thierry Weissland Jean Marc Vallier Didier Pradon Eric Watelain Arnaud Faupin 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(1):43-51
This study aimed to compare the effects of synchronous (SYN) vs asynchronous (ASY) modes of wheelchair propulsion in field sprint tests on performance and biomechanical parameters. Seven elite wheelchair basketball players performed two separate (SYN and ASY) straight-line 20-m sprints. ASY increased sprint time and decreased push frequency compared to SYN (p < 0.05). Peak velocity and total force for the mean of the last three pushes were higher in SYN. Rate of rise was higher in SYN for the first, second and third pushes (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found for peak power and mean work. SYN mode induces better performance (13% difference in speed). However, the increase in rate of rise, thus the expansion of the total force when gripping the hand rim, push frequency and total force in SYN modes seems to expand the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders during manual wheelchair propulsion for upper limb joints than ASY. 相似文献
14.
对甲Ａ女排（济钢赛区）８支队伍的发球、一传、扣球、拦网、防守５项技术进行统计分析、评价,认为一传为最好,其次是扣球防守,发球拦网最差。还对新规则实施后比赛的特点做了简要的分析。 相似文献
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This paper examines the exploitation of inertial measurements to analyze javelin throwing mechanics. The main objective was to demonstrate that consumer-grade inertial navigation systems, augmented with some position and attitude data obtained from a video sequence, yield detailed information of the mechanics of javelin throwing. Especially, such a system makes it possible to analyze the momentary force and power exerted on the javelin during the acceleration phase. Although the presented system is a pilot, leaving space for further improvements, it already reveals the potential of inertial navigation systems to sports. In practise, an inertial measurement unit was embedded inside the tip of the javelin to determine the javelin’s momentary attitude, position, and velocity. Graphs on the speed and angular velocity about the longitudinal axis of the javelin during the whole performance are presented. The maximum estimated release speed and release angular speed were 28.02 m/s and 215.9 rad/s, respectively. The acceleration phase trajectory of the javelin and its deviation from a straight line path are demonstrated. Additionally, the momentary forces and powers are shown and the effect of aerodynamic forces on the projectile is specified. The magnitude of the maximum tangential forces and accelerating powers were 364 N and 9.76 kW. The duration and length of the acceleration phase trajectory varied between 223 and 231 ms, and 2.48 and 2.75 m. To estimate the accuracy of the inertial measurements, the acceleration phase results were compared to measurements made with high-speed cameras. 相似文献
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The following research approximated how the central nervous system of Paralympic wheelchair athletes resolve kinematic redundancies during upper-limb movements. A multibody biomechanical model of a tetraplegic Paralympic athlete was developed using subject-specific body segment parameters. The angular joint kinematics throughout a specified Paralympic sport movement (i.e., wheelchair curling) were experimentally measured using inertial measurement units. The motor control system of the Paralympian was mathematically modelled and simulated using forward dynamics optimization. The predicted kinematics from different optimization objective functions (i.e., minimizing resultant joint moments, mechanical joint power, and angular joint velocities and accelerations) were compared with those experimentally measured throughout the wheelchair curling movement. Of the optimization objective functions under consideration, minimizing angular joint accelerations produced the most accurate predictions of the kinematic trajectories (i.e., characterized with the lowest overall root mean square deviations) and the shortest optimization computation time. The implications of these control findings are discussed with regards to optimal wheelchair design through predictive dynamic simulations. 相似文献
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运用生物力学的有关原理分别计算出短跑大小腿折叠前摆时的不同角度变化和转动半径、转动惯性、重力矩、角加速度的变化,说明短跑中大小腿的充分折叠可以提高短跑速度。 相似文献
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F. Javier Núñez Carlos Galiano Alejandro Muñoz-López Pablo Floria 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1624-1628
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to compare the force profile of using a horizontal cylinder-shaped axis or a vertical cone-shaped axis to provide resistance in rotary inertia devices, and to report the evolution of kinetic and kinematic variables in experienced athletes during a half-squat exercise. Twenty-two healthy active men participated in the assessment of time, peak velocity, peak force, time to reach the peak force, average force, impulse, and range of movement, during a half-squat incremental test performed on conical inertial device (CP) and on cylinder inertial device (YY). The analysis showed that YY during CON-ECC phased generates substantial higher peak_force, mean_force, impulse, time, and a lower peak_velocity, than CP. We never obtained eccentric overload for peak_force or mean_force. CP offers less resistance to accelerate-decelerate the movement with respect to YY, we need checking whether eccentric overload it is being produced, and the impulse was the only kinetic variable that was able to discriminate between the inertias and devices. 相似文献