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刘洁 《江西教育学院学报》2014,(6):158-160
英语专业学生的"思辨缺席症"的原因主要体现在学习目标不清、教学方法的误导和知识面狭窄等方面,思辨能力的培养能有效改善英语专业学生的"思辨缺席症"。从设置真实写作任务、注重同伴反馈与讨论和建立写作手册等方面阐述如何培养学生的思辨能力。培养学生的分析能力、思辨能力和解决问题的能力,从而提高英语写作水平。 相似文献
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批判性思维培养对大学生的创新精神和创造力发展具有十分重要的作用,而对批判性思维能力的评价是培养过程中的一个重要环节。通过采用"加利福尼亚批判性思维倾向测量表"和"加利福尼亚批判性思维技能测试"对一所"双一流"建设高校不同年级学生进行批判性思维能力的调查评价,发现学生广泛具有良好甚至较强的批判性思维技能,但有超过26%的受调查学生不具备批判性思维倾向或气质。因此,建设"双一流"高校在培养大学生批判性思维能力,尤其是批判性思维倾向方面还有较大的提升空间。据此提出培养大学生批判性思维能力的策略和建议。 相似文献
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Research on teacher thinking in the last fifteen years supports the hypothesis that being an effective critical thinker (as defined by Ennis) would make a major contribution to being an effective teacher. Ennis’ conception of critical thinking incorporates various dispositions and abilities, while his Cornell Critical Thinking Test Level X provides a measure of four crucial abilites. The teacher thinking research suggests that each of these four abilities is central to effective teaching. The four abilities are: (1) inductive thinking; (2) judging credibility of observation reports; (3) deductive thinking; and (4) assumption identification. Research findings about teacher thinking fall into three main categories: (a) implicit theories; (b) planning and reflection; and (c) dilemmas and uncertainty.
The first half of the paper shows how a teacher's performance and capacity to deal effectively with (a)‐(c) depend significantly on using the abilities (1)‐(4). If this is so then highly effective teachers should score significantly better on Ennis’ Cornell Critical Thinking Test (Level X) than do teachers as a whole. Hence scores on this test for a large sample of vocational teachers were compared with the scores of vocational teachers whose teaching performance has been judged as excellent by their teacher educators. The second half of the paper reports and discusses the results of testing the hypothesis and the implications for teacher education. 相似文献
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To determine if quizzes containing higher order thinking questions are related to critical thinking and test performance when utilised in conjunction with an immersion approach to instruction and effort-based grading, sections of an Educational Psychology course were assigned to one of three quizzing conditions. Quizzes contained factual multiple-choice questions, factual essay questions or essay items requiring higher order thinking. Critical thinking was measured with a pre-test–post-test design and the Watson–Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Short Form). Classroom learning was assessed via multiple-choice and essay tests. Critical thinking increased equally across all sections. The section receiving higher order thinking quizzes performed significantly better than the other two sections on both the multiple-choice and essay portions of the classroom tests. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of methodological approaches to encouraging critical thinking. 相似文献
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批判性思维既用来指一套可以由逻辑学或类似课程所提供的具体思维技能和方法,也用来指一种思维方式和思维习惯。发现和清理逻辑悖论既需要使用和遵循批判性思维的具体方法,也需要具备批判性思维的方式和习惯。由于逻辑悖论是一种特殊的逻辑矛盾,对它们的清理往往会促成相关理论的重大创新,从而体现批判性思维与创造性思维的关联。解悖式思维是批判性思维的一种极致表现,引导这样一种思维方式既有助于批判性思维技能和方法的训练,也有助于批判性思维方式与人生态度的培育。 相似文献
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研讨课的本质在于让学生学会批判性的思维,开启新的认知与实践,专门的“批判性思维”课程更好地体现了研讨课的这一本质。通过对批判性思维的全面探索和深入考察可以更好地把握研讨课的目标及要求。本文为《Seminar课程的研究与实践报告》的研究报告,主要阐述了该课题的研究背景、意义、主要内容、方法,总结了研究的主要结论,重点探讨了批判性思维课程中存在的问题与对策。 相似文献
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以“思辨性任务序列”为基本框架,设计了基于Moodle网络平台的英语专业学生思辨训练模式并验证了其有效性。受试为英语专业二年级学生（71人）,实验班及2个对照组的配对样本T检验及单因素方差分析结果显示,该模式能有效提高学生的思辨技能。网络平台在线讨论版块“交流互动”功能有助于发展学生的思辨能力,“即时反馈”“学习路径”等管理功能有助于实现思辨训练的过程跟踪及控制。基于在线写作任务的“评价及反馈”是决定该模式有效性的关键环节。在推论技能,评估技能和分析技能三项核心思辨技能中,推论及评估技能优先得到发展。 相似文献
9.
王路 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2009,35(3):64-69
逻辑是成熟的学科。“非形式逻辑”无论怎样在“非”字上做文章,毕竟还要依赖于逻辑。“批判性思维”则不同,它不用考虑“非”字带来的麻烦和限制,甚至可以彻底摆脱逻辑。因此,“批判性思维”不是逻辑,至少可以不是逻辑。“批判性思维”本身又是一个含糊的概念,主张它的人对它至今没有清楚的说明。因此,鼓吹把这样的东西作为逻辑课来开设,甚至用它来取代逻辑,乃是非常错误的。 相似文献
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This paper describes an investigation of the relationship between students' critical thinking abilities and their study strategies. The 54 students involved in the investigation were first year engineering students at a university in New South Wales who had completed their Higher School Certificate in 1991. Their critical thinking abilities were assessed with the Cornell Critical Thinking Test Level X and information about their study strategies was obtained from their responses to the General Study Processes Survey, a 21 item Likert scale questionnaire which is a component of Biggs' Study Processes Questionnaire. The survey of study processes provided information about students' study strategies on three dimensions: surface study strategy, deep study strategy and achieving study strategy. The achieving dimension was the only study strategy which correlated significantly with scores on the test of critical thinking. There was a negative correlation between this dimension and critical thinking ability. The implications of the results of this study for promoting the development of critical thinking abilities are discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract: The Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT) is one of the many multiple‐choice tests with validated questions that have been reported to measure general critical thinking (CT) ability. One of the IFT Education Standards for undergraduate degrees in Food Science is the emphasis on the development of critical thinking. While this skill is easy to list as a student‐learning objective, measuring gains in CT is relatively difficult. If the majority of the class time is spent discussing and solving ill‐defined problems, then will students become actively and meaningfully involved in their own learning and will there be any gains in CT skills? To measure gains using this format, the CCTT was administered as a pre‐ and posttest to Food Science and Human Nutrition students in an Experimental Foods class taught every fall over an 8 y period (2001–2008). Statistical analysis indicated that in 2 of the years (2002 and 2004), there were significant gains (P values 0.036 and 0.045, respectively) in CT scores. Furthermore, in both years, there were significant gains in the same 2 aspects of CT (deduction and assumption) and not in the other aspects. However, we suggest that completing several take‐home exams with many open‐ended questions, writing detailed laboratory reports, and documenting unsolicited student reflections in journal entries that comment on apparent gains in CT skills may be a better indication of actual gains in CT skills compared to the actual CCTT test scores. 相似文献
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Issues of sustainability are complex and often steeped with ethical and political questions without predefined or general answers. This paper deals with how secondary and upper secondary teachers discuss these complex issues, by analysing their aims for Education for Sustainable Development. With inspiration from discourse theory, their articulations about students as political subjects are analysed. Critical thinking emerged as a nodal point in teachers’ discussions. In this study, critical thinking is articulated as having various qualitative meanings related to different epistemological views. On one hand, critical thinking is articulated to invite room for subjectification; but on the other hand, room for subjectification is challenged when critical thinking is articulated through the educational aims of qualification and socialisation. A consequence of changing epistemological view might be that political and ethical issues take a back seat. 相似文献
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The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) was used to assess the disposition of Israeli eleventh-grade science students toward critical thinking according to school type affiliate, scientific level, and gender. Our findings, strongly support (a) the establishment of a baseline reference for disposition toward critical thinking of high school science students; (b) the application of the CCTDI in the context of ongoing science education in different settings; and finally (c) the reliable use of the CCTDI in future research aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of critical thinking (CT) and higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS) oriented instructional goals. 相似文献
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Within the school of thought known as Critical Thinking, identifying or finding missing assumptions is viewed as one of the principal thinking skills. Within the new subject in schools and colleges, usually called Critical Thinking, the skill of finding missing assumptions is similarly prominent, as it is in that subject's public examinations. In this article we examine how school‐ and college‐focused texts explain and teach ‘this very important skill’. The same texts also deal with the nature of assumptions, validity and the role of stated reasons in arguments, and the way these matters are tackled will also be examined in our inquiry. In addition we explore what respected contributors to the critical thinking movement have had to say about some of these issues. 相似文献
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批判性思维要求人们在思维时,能够以量化语言来描述和区别认识对象的隶属边界及其性态的一种确定性。这就要求思维方式的数学化、符号化、形式化,以求达到理解足够地全面、具体、深刻的目的。这既为我们提出了批判性思维精确性的思维要求,同时也为我们提供了达到批判性思维精确性的路径和方法。尝试用批判性思维的精确性原则解读邓小平理论,希望从一个新的视域来领会和审视邓小平理论。 相似文献
16.
美国批判性思维运动对大学素质教育的启发 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
缪四平 《清华大学教育研究》2007,28(3):99-105
上个世纪发生在美国的批判性思维运动起源于对美国高等教育的反思,催生了一门培养和检测大学生素质的批判性思维课程,并对整个国民教育体系产生了重大影响,使批判性思维素质的培养成为各门学科的教学目标之一,这使美国的大学素质教育落到实处,且有了可以测试的量化指标。这将给我国对大学素质教育的思考提供必要的参照。 相似文献
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批判性思维对幼儿创新能力的发展具有重要的意义。讨论式学习中创设能激发质疑的心理环境、设计多样性开放性的问题、采取灵活多变的形式和方法、开展有针对性的指导，有利于培养大班幼儿的批判性思维。 相似文献
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何谓"批判性思维"? 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
“批判性思维”概念逐渐在我国流传开来，但对它的理解往往倾向于狭隘。批判性思维的内涵十分丰富，定义也有多种。总起来看，批判性思维的主要构成是：批判能力、批判的知识、批判的技巧和批判性思想习性或气质。 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(4):449-459
Critical thinking has come to be defined as and aligned with ‘good’ thinking. It connects to the value placed on rationality and agency and is woven into conceptions of what it means to become a person and hence deserve respect. Challenges to the supremacy of critical thinking have helped to provoke richer and fuller interpretations and critical thought is prevalent in talk of what it is to become a person and more fundamentally to educate. The capacity for critical thought may indeed be one significant aspect of developed personhood; however an emphasis on critical thought as the main source of respect for persons raises a number of issues about what might therefore be excluded or neglected. A number of alternative views that try to retrieve a more ‘humanised’ view of how we exist in the world are examined and are found to suggest that human consciousness as a mark of personhood should be seen as rooted in bodily senses and a more aesthetic orientation towards the world that moves us away from critical thought and rationality as the single indicators of ‘good’ thinking. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the utility of 52 items, selected from a readily available item pool developed for instructional purposes, when the items are used to measure critical thinking abilities of biology students. The items yield scores that have reasonable internal consistency reliability. Furthermore, analyses involving ACT, Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, and Group Embedded Figures Test scores also suggest that the critical thinking test items have good concurrent validity. Thus, the measure may be useful in both science instruction and future research regarding critical thinking phenomena. 相似文献