共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
彭晓风 《阜阳职业技术学院学报》2023,(2):53-55
基于认知负荷理论,以F学校大一非英语专业学生为研究对象,了解不同词汇呈现方式对英语学习者词汇记忆效果以及记忆认知负荷的影响。结果显示,在即时记忆过程中,纸质文本呈现方式和多媒体呈现方式对学生词汇记忆效果没有影响;在延时记忆过程中,多媒体呈现方式对学生词汇记忆的效果更好,而且多媒体呈现方式可降低学生的认知负荷水平,有利于学生的词汇记忆。 相似文献
2.
前瞻记忆是指对意向或计划的记忆。研究采用双任务范式,以n-back任务为进行中任务,考察不同认知负荷水平下时间管理倾向对前瞻记忆的影响。结果发现：在中、高认知负荷条件下,积极时间管理倾向者在前瞻记忆中的表现好于消极时间管理倾向者,说明随着认知负荷的增加,需要有效时间管理策略的调控;前瞻记忆在背景任务为1-back、2-back中的加工需要认知资源参与,但在3-back中对认知资源需求不敏感,说明前瞻记忆采用何种加工方式,取决于特定因素,如背景任务的难度等。 相似文献
3.
张忠华 《教学月刊(小学版)》2013,(11):29-31
认知负荷是指学习者在对学习任务进行认知加工的过程中所承受的一定的负担,可以分为内在认知负荷和外在认知负荷。外在认知负荷是与学习者目标达成的信息加工过程没有直接关联的工作负荷;内在认知负荷是指学习者加工新知识时所必须承载的工作负荷。学习者的工作记忆所能承受的认知负荷总量是有限,我们的科学教学目标就是要让学生避免外在认知负荷,在有效组织新信息的前提下尽量降低内在认知负荷,为新旧知识的整合腾出记忆空间。 相似文献
4.
网络学习环境对认知负荷的影响及对策研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
认知负荷是影响学习效果与效率的重要因素之一,网络学习环境对学习过程中认知负荷水平可能造成积极和消极的影响。依据网络学习环境的特征,可以通过避免无关的信息加工、激发学习动机、记忆活动转移、认知活动转移等策略减轻认知负荷。 相似文献
5.
在语言收听过程中,记忆、尤其是瞬时记忆,是理解的前提。“认知负荷理论”吸收和应用了认知信息加工理论关于注意短时记忆的研究成果,认为学习者的工作记忆容量是有限的,工作记忆的限制性成为了学习的主要障碍;认为通过教学设计尽量减少学习任务中不必要的认知负荷,使工作记忆的容量更多地集中于将要学习的材料中,从而促进学习。文章探讨了在认知负荷理论指导下的英语听力练习材料的设计。 相似文献
6.
认知负荷理论主要是关注两方面的资源分配,即学习者在获取外来的资源分配和问题解决的资源分配,这两者在记忆空间分配平衡与否,直接或间接影响到学习者的记忆效能。本文简析了认知负荷理论,并结合学习者的个性特征、认知结构、认知风格,简要阐述了该理论在实际教学中的指导作用,以期能够更好地为教学服务。 相似文献
7.
一、认知负荷胜任能力及其特征
由于学生在学习过程中需要完成一定的目标知识或活动操作技能的积累,并使其长期储存在记忆中,于是产生了学科知识及其认知活动的认知负荷——即在教学过程中处理具体目标任务时加在学习者认知系统上的负荷。 相似文献
8.
认知负荷理论(Cognitive Load Theory)是在现代认知心理学研究成果的基础上提出的,该理论关注记忆在学习中的作用,强调合理分配认知资源对有效学习的至关重要性。本文从认知负荷理论的角度出发,探讨在高中化学习题教学设计中如何减少学习任务中不必要的认知负荷,从而提高学习者的学习效率的措施。 相似文献
9.
认知负荷存在于任何学习过程中,是影响学习效果非常重要的因素.与其他学习方式相比较,基于网络学习的学生认知负荷较重.根据网络学习环境特点,避免无关信息加工、激发学习动机、记忆活动转移及认知活动转移四种策略可以有效地减轻网络学习认知负荷,提高学习效率. 相似文献
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11.
Cognitive load theory is intended to provide instructional strategies derived from experimental, cognitive load effects. Each
effect is based on our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, primarily the limited capacity and duration of a human working
memory. These limitations are ameliorated by changes in long-term memory associated with learning. Initially, cognitive load
theory's view of human cognitive architecture was assumed to apply to all categories of information. Based on Geary’s (Educational Psychologist 43, 179–195 2008; 2011) evolutionary account of educational psychology, this interpretation of human cognitive architecture requires amendment.
Working memory limitations may be critical only when acquiring novel information based on culturally important knowledge that
we have not specifically evolved to acquire. Cultural knowledge is known as biologically secondary information. Working memory
limitations may have reduced significance when acquiring novel information that the human brain specifically has evolved to
process, known as biologically primary information. If biologically primary information is less affected by working memory
limitations than biologically secondary information, it may be advantageous to use primary information to assist in the acquisition
of secondary information. In this article, we suggest that several cognitive load effects rely on biologically primary knowledge
being used to facilitate the acquisition of biologically secondary knowledge. We indicate how incorporating an evolutionary
view of human cognitive architecture can provide cognitive load researchers with novel perspectives of their findings and
discuss some of the practical implications of this view. 相似文献
12.
This article reviews contemporary research on multimedia learning that uses cognitive load theory as the major theoretical framework. In particular, we address the extent to which working memory has been conceptualized and measured in this research, what kind of subjective measures of cognitive load have been used and whether such measures are combined with other measures of cognitive load, and how results from subjective measures have been related to learning and achievement. The findings show that most of the reviewed studies did not include any clear conceptualization or measurement of working memory, used only general subjective measures containing one or very few items, and did not report findings consistent with the hypothesized relationship between cognitive load and multimedia learning. The findings are discussed in relation to the broader goal of improving research on cognitive load in the context of multimedia learning. 相似文献
13.
Jeanne Farrington 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2011,23(4):113-116
For over 50 years, seven plus or minus two has been a commonly used guideline for gauging how many chunks of new information should be presented at one time in learning and performance situations. Often cited as the limit of working memory, this guideline was created as a result of misinterpreting an article by Miller (1956). More recent studies suggest that the limit for working memory is more like three, and sometimes four, with various factors influencing the capacity of an individual's working memory. Given too much novel information at one time, learners and performers can be derailed by cognitive overload. Instructional designers and performance consultants can adjust the presentation of new information to manage intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. This column provides suggestions about how to reduce cognitive overload to improve learning and performance. 相似文献
14.
BackgroundEven experienced teachers make inconsistent classroom decisions in unexpected situations. From the cognitive load theory perspective, the effective handling of the novel, unexpected events by teachers depends on the cognitive load of the task, the teaching context in which the unexpectedness appears, and the available cognitive capacity.AimsTeachers’ reactions to unexpected mathematical events, in particular the unexpectedness of the arithmetic calculation, was modeled, investigated experimentally, and explained within the theoretical framework of cognitive load theory.Sample64 mathematics teacher trainees took part in the experiment.MethodsIn a dual-task arrangement, participants verified alternative answers to simple mathematical questions while memorizing task-irrelevant information. The answers represented low (schematic good responses), and high (unexpected good responses) processing load conditions, and control condition (incorrect responses). The memory load was low or high representing levels of extraneous load. The participants’ cognitive capacity was estimated by a complex working memory span task.ResultsThe verification of unexpected but correct answers was slow and more error-prone as compared with the processing speed and accuracy of schematic answers, presumably due to elevated processing (intrinsic) load. The increase in memory load resulted in slower and more inaccurate verifications. However, working memory capacity was found to mediate the extraneous load effect.ConclusionsThe results stress the importance of well-organized schemas for effective reactions to unexpected classroom events. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of accurately understanding and being aware of the impact of cognitive load on teachers to improve teaching practice. 相似文献
15.
Pascal W. M. Van Gerven Fred G. W. C. Paas Jeroen J. G. Van Merriënboer Henk G. Schmidt 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):503-521
The purpose of this article is to explore the advantages of instructional formats based on cognitive load theory for elderly learners engaged in the acquisition of complex cognitive skills. A great body of research has demonstrated that cognitive aging is accompanied by a reduction of working - memory capacity, a general slowing of mental processes, and a decline of the ability to repress irrelevant information. The core idea of cognitive load theory is that working - memory capacity is limited and should therefore be managed with great care and discretion. Cognitive load theory claims that this can be achieved by minimizing the level of extraneous cognitive load, which is the portion of load that does not contribute to schema acquisition, and by maximizing the level of germane cognitive load, which directly contributes to the construction of cognitive schemata. Since instructions based on cognitive load theory deal with cognitive limitations, in that they lead to an efficient use of the available resources, it was hypothesized that they are especially effective when elderly people are involved. This idea was analyzed by means of a framework merging cognitive load theory with the aforementioned research findings concerning cognitive aging. It was concluded that cognitive load theory, enabling elderly people to acquire new complex skills, can be regarded as an essential guide for educational gerontology. 相似文献
16.
Cognitive load theory,educational research,and instructional design: some food for thought 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ton de Jong 《Instructional Science》2010,38(2):105-134
Cognitive load is a theoretical notion with an increasingly central role in the educational research literature. The basic
idea of cognitive load theory is that cognitive capacity in working memory is limited, so that if a learning task requires
too much capacity, learning will be hampered. The recommended remedy is to design instructional systems that optimize the
use of working memory capacity and avoid cognitive overload. Cognitive load theory has advanced educational research considerably
and has been used to explain a large set of experimental findings. This article sets out to explore the open questions and
the boundaries of cognitive load theory by identifying a number of problematic conceptual, methodological and application-related
issues. It concludes by presenting a research agenda for future studies of cognitive load. 相似文献
17.
Ouhao Chen Juan C. Castro-Alonso Fred Paas John Sweller 《Educational Psychology Review》2018,30(2):483-501
Depletion of limited working memory resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This “depletion effect” can be incorporated into cognitive load theory that is concerned with using the properties of human cognitive architecture, especially working memory, when designing instruction. Two experiments were carried out on the spacing effect that occurs when learning that is spaced by temporal gaps between learning episodes is superior to identical, massed learning with no gaps between learning episodes. Using primary school students learning mathematics, it was found that students obtained lower scores on a working memory capacity test (Experiments 1 and 2) and higher ratings of cognitive load (Experiment 2) after massed than after spaced practice. The reduction in working memory capacity may be attributed to working memory resource depletion following the relatively prolonged mental effort associated with massed compared to spaced practice. An expansion of cognitive load theory to incorporate working memory resource depletion along with instructional design implications, including the spacing effect, is discussed. 相似文献
18.
梅耶的多媒体学习理论是建立在坚实的理论基础和可靠的实证经验基础上的科学体系。多媒体学习的认知理论是理解多媒体学习的关键。双重通道假设、容量有限假设和主动加工假设是梅耶构建多媒体学习认知理论的基石,也是整个多媒体学习科学体系的逻辑起点。这三大假设赖以成立的理论前提正是双重编码理论、工作记忆模型、生成学习理论和认知负荷理论,由此构成了多媒体学习的理论基础。具体而言,双重编码理论和工作记忆模型为多媒体学习的认知理论构建提供了关键概念与元素;生成学习理论则为多媒体学习的认知理论构建提供了基本的解释性框架;多媒体学习的认知理论正是由这些关键概念、元素和解释性框架整合而成;而认知负荷理论则以多媒体学习的认知理论为基础,进而为多媒体教学的系列设计原理提供了关键支撑。 相似文献
19.
根据认知负荷理论,学习受认知负荷与工作记忆的影响。当今信息时代,大学英语课堂的认知负荷往往超过学生的工作记忆能力,教学达不到预期的效果。针对这一问题,研究了运用思维导图解决英语教学过程中的认知负荷问题,给出一种基于建构主义教学模式设计思维导图的案例,并对英语教学中思维导图的设计要领进行了分析和探讨。分析和实践表明,在英语课堂教学中运用思维导图对于激发学生的发散性思维,促进知识建构,提高教学效果具有重要意义。 相似文献