共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Herman Sunil D'Souza Geraldine Menezes T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):154-160
Heavy metals are important toxicants known to exert adverse effects in humans and animals, given sufficient exposure and accumulation
in the body. This has a great concern both at personal and public health risk. Heavy metals are also known to interact with
the essential trace minerals at the level of absorption and also during the metabolism. The adverse effects of the absorbed
and accumulated heavy metals include neurological, reproductive, renal and hematological systems. Children are more sensitive
than adults to the effects of lead. Efforts are made to understand the mechanism of the interactions of heavy metals with
essential trace minerals at the level of absorption. With available sensitive and specific methodologies like Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry for the evaluation of the levels of toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury etc., better understanding
of heavy metal absorption is made possible.
Due to the poor nutritional standards, risk of heavy metal exposure is still a major concern in developing countries. Studies
carried out by the author have provided evidence towards the understanding of the prevailing mechanisms of metal-metal interaction
at the intestinal level. During growth and development the demand for the essential minerals being at higher level, differentiation
of various essential metals and heavy metals pose an inherent problem due to certain common properties shared by them. With
this approach to the problem of heavy metal toxicity, it is preventable not only with environmental intervention but also
by the nutritional management. 相似文献
2.
A. Ravi Raja G. N. Vishal Babu Geraldine Menezes T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):200-203
Awareness about the toxic effects of non-essential metals is still lacking in developing countries. Lead is one among them,
which ranks second in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’ s top 20 lists of toxic metals. Some of the herbal
medicines prepared from certain roots and leaves are known to contain this toxic metal at alarming levels. We have a case
of a person who suffered from the toxic effects of lead such as vomiting and colicky abdominal pain after consuming a herbal
remedy for Jaundice treatment. This went unrecognized initially because of the presence of multiple problems like Malaria
and Renal calculi. Lead poisoning as causative factor for anemia, vomiting and colic were confirmed only when blood lead concentration
was estimated. A combination of chelation therapy and nutritional supplementation was found to be useful in reducing the body
lead burden. 相似文献
3.
人们对中药材的毒性及正确的药酒炮制方法不太了解,导致自制药酒毒害性命案件不时发生。因此,必须全面认识中药材的药理毒性作用,高度重视具有一定毒性的中药材,关注其不良反应和毒性反应。文章综述近年来广西几种常用中药材的药理毒性研究新进展,以期进一步掌握广西几种常用中药材的毒性研究新进展,为刑事侦查提供科技支撑。 相似文献
4.
Taru Goyal Prasenjit Mitra Preeti Singh Shailja Sharma Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):100
In spite of the established knowledge regarding their toxicities, occupational exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium still continues because of their wide distribution in environment. Due to lack of awareness, most of the workers usually eat, smoke, drink at their workplace which may aggravate the metal exposure. The present study was planned to assess the blood levels of lead and cadmium in occupationally exposed workers of Jodhpur (India). A total of 110 individuals working in different industrial set ups (furniture, metal handicraft, welders) of Jodhpur district (exposed group), aged between 20 and 60 years and 97 apparently healthy people (controls) with no history of occupational heavy metal exposure aged between 25 and 60 were recruited. Details of personal habits and demographics were recorded by means of self-developed questionnaire. 5 ml of whole blood was drawn from every individual. Metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism Software. Results showed that Blood Lead Level and Blood Cadmium Level (CdB) were significantly higher in the exposed group as compared to the non-exposed group. Significant age and gender-based differences were found in terms of blood cadmium levels but no such difference was observed in case of blood lead. The study also revealed that higher blood levels of these metals in workers are influenced by their occupational practices, lack of protection against workplace environment pollutants, thus increasing their susceptibility to metal toxicity. 相似文献
5.
通过慢性暴露实验研究了菲律宾蛤仔在锌(Zn2+),铅(Pb2+)单一胁迫及联合胁迫下,消化腺和鳃内富集Zn2+和Pb2+及其金属硫蛋白水平随Zn2+、Pb2+暴露浓度的变化规律.结果表明, Zn2+50μg/L、Pb2+25μg/L联合胁迫时,消化腺和鳃内重金属的富集低于Zn2+、Pb2+单一胁迫,表现为拮抗作用;MT含量随着Zn2+、Pb2+暴露质量浓度变化而变化,比较发现消化腺中MT含量随Pb2+暴露质量浓度的变化最显著(p<0.01). 相似文献
6.
Heavy metals are natural elements in the Earth’s crust that can enter human food through industrial or agricultural processing, in the form of fertilizers and pesticides. These elements are not biodegradable. Some heavy metals are known as pollutants and are toxic, and their bioaccumulation in plant and animal tissues can cause undesirable effects for humans; therefore, their amount in water and food should always be under control. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions for the bioremediation of heavy metals in foods. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been used to reduce the heavy metal content in the environment. During the last decades, bioremediation methods using plants and microorganisms have created interest to researchers for their advantages such as being more specific and environmentally friendly. The main pollutant elements in foods and beverages are lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, which have their own permissible limits. Among the microorganisms that are capable of bioremediation of heavy metals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an interesting choice for its special characteristics and being safe for humans, which make it quite common and useful in the food industry. Its mass production as the byproduct of the fermentation industry and the low cost of culture media are the other advantages. The ability of this yeast to remove an individual separated element has also been widely investigated. In countries with high heavy metal pollution in wheat, the use of S. cerevisiae is a native solution for overcoming the problem of solution.This article summarizes the main conditions for heavy metal absorption by S. cerevisiae.How to cite: Massoud R, Hadiani MR, Khosravi Darani K, et al. Bioremediation of heavy metals in food industry: Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.11.003. 相似文献
7.
Chaffy Sachdeva Kshema Thakur Aditi Sharma Krishan Kumar Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(2):132-146
The documentation of lead toxicity (plumbism) dates back to the times when man learnt its various applications. This versatile heavy metal is non-degradable and its ability to get accumulated in the body that goes undiagnosed, makes it a serious environmental health hazard. Lead is now known to affect almost every organ/tissue of the human body. With irreversible effects on neurobiological development of young children and foetus, its toxicity has lasting implications on the human life. Outlining the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment therapy for lead poisoning, the present review elaborates the pathophysiological effects of lead on various organs. This will be of immense help to the health professionals so as to inculcate a better understanding of the lead poisoning which otherwise is asymptomatic. With chelation therapy being the classic path of treatment, new strategies are being explored as additive/adjunct therapy. It is now understood that lead toxicity is completely preventable. In this regard significant efforts are in place in the developed countries whereas much needs to be done in the developing countries. Spreading the awareness amongst the masses by educating them and reducing the usage of lead following stricter industry norms appears to be the only roadmap to prevent lead poisoning. Efforts being undertaken by the Government of India and other organisations are also mentioned. 相似文献
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I. Mazumdar K. Goswami Md Suhrab Ali 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(1):110-116
Jewelry utilizes lead either directly or as a base metal. Costume jewelry requires lead before molding and plating the product with valuable metals. Therefore, such ornaments have a great potential to release heavy metals having health hazards. Also, jewelry makers engaged in preparing German silver, an alloy, apply lead in smelting, alloying, rolling and milling silver wires and pieces. The metal is taken up by blood, soft tissues and bone. The biological effects of lead are dependent upon the level and duration of exposure. Lead inhibits three enzymes of heme biosynthesis- δ-amino-levulinic-acid dehydratase (ALAD), coproporphyrin oxidase, and ferrochelatase, impairing heme synthesis and depressing serum level of erythropoietin resulting in decreased hemoglobin synthesis. Lead exposure also affects calcium metabolism and impair the synthesis of Calcitriol. In the present study, jewelry makers from Dhaka, Bangladesh, were shown to have significantly high levels of lead, protein, albumin, and parathormone in their blood, and significantly high amount of zinc-protoporphyrin and δ-amino-levulinic-acid in their urine. The control group, on the other hand showed significantly higher amounts of calcium (both total and ionized form) Vitamin D3 and non-activated erythrocyte ALAD in their blood, along with hemoglobin. It might be due to inhibition of 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme in renal tubules. Lead causes nephro-toxicity and inhibits 1-α- hydroxylase enzyme leading to decreased calcitriol synthesis resulting in impaired calcium absorption across gastro-intestinal tract and renal tubules. Low Vitamin D3 and significantly increased Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in study group has been found. 相似文献
10.
Raviraja A Vishal Babu GN Sehgal A Saper RB Jayawardene I Amarasiriwardena CJ Venkatesh T 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(3):326-329
Ayurveda is a traditional form of medicine used by majority of the Indians. Here we report three cases of lead toxicity, following
intake of Ayurvedic medicines. Three patients presented with blood lead levels (BLLs) of 122.4, 115 and 42.8 μg/dl respectively
at the time of hospitalization. The first case was chelated with D- penicillamine, the second with calcium disodium ethylene
diamino tetra acetate (EDTA) and the third with environmental intervention and education. Associated Ayurvedic products were
collected from patients and analyzed for metallic concentration. Cessation of Ayurvedic medication along with chelation, nutritional
intervention and education, reduced the BLL to 27.4 μg/dl in the first case after 1 year, 21.1 μg/dl after 9 months in the
second and 18.2 μg/dl after 6 months in the third case. 相似文献
11.
西藏色季拉山藏药材生长区域气候特征的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用西藏色季拉山2007年藏药材的野外调查资料以及自动气象站观测的气象数据,探讨了濒危藏药材的基本分布状况及其生长的区域气候特征。研究表明:从藏药材的分布来看,随着海拔高度的升高,藏药材的植株高度、盖度以及多度都呈现基本下降的趋势,药材属性与山体坡向的关系随着药材种类的不同而有所区别。从药材生长区域的总体气候特征来看,山顶降水量、相对湿度基本大于西坡和东坡,东坡基本大于西坡;山顶平均气温、地面温度低于西坡和东坡,东坡高于西坡;山顶风速基本大于西坡和东坡,西坡大于东坡;西坡以东风为主,山顶以南风为主,东坡以静风为主;随着海拔高度的升高,降水量逐渐减少,相对湿度、风速增加,温度降低;静风(东风)频率减小(增加);南风、SSW风频率随着季节不同而增加或者减小;东坡、西坡的温度(风速)随海拔高度的升高而降低(增大),东坡、西坡的降水量、相对湿度、风频率随着海拔高度的升高呈现基本相反的变化。 相似文献
12.
Herman S. Dsouza Geraldine Menezes T Venkatesh M.Sc. Ph.D. FACBI. FINASS 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(1):9-11
It is well known that lead exposure in the early period of pre pregnancy and antenatal life leads to serious health complications. In this case report, a five month old child who was suffering from encephalopathy was finally confirmed a victim of lead exposure, the source being the environment and the family. We report this case with complete clinical investigation including blood lead analysis. This case report highlights the various ways in which lead may accumulate in the body. It is also aimed at increasing awareness regarding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of lead toxicity. The literature survey done reveals that this is the youngest age at which lead toxicity has been documented in India. 相似文献
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14.
D'souza HS Dsouza SA Menezes G Venkatesh T 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):197-201
Among the heavy metals, lead still remains the major toxic pollutant of the environment. Human exposure to lead can occur
through numerous pathways including air, food, dust, soil, and water. In the present study 14 lead poisoned patients with
non-occupational lead exposure were evaluated. They were followed up and compared against the controls with no history of
lead exposure. The patients had high blood lead levels and symptoms of weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, generalized body
ache, loss of appetite, and anxiety. Repeated course of chelation therapy helped to bring down their body burden of lead.
Alternative sources for lead exposure can cause severe lead poisoning in general population. Screening and medical management
of such individuals is very important to identify and eliminate sources of lead. The treatment and management requires a thorough
medical evaluation and environmental intervention. 相似文献
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16.
中草药在烟草中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着吸烟与健康问题的日益突出,如何有效降低烟草的危害性,最大限度地降低吸烟对人体的伤害已经成为烟草行业面临的主要挑战。我国拥有极其丰富的中药资源,从烟草的分类及最初应用上来看,烟草与中草药同源,烟草是一种特殊的天然植物药,根据历史记载,烟草最早应用于治病,而后才逐渐发展成为人类生活中的一种嗜好品。烟草与中草药之间存在的相通关系,也使得烟草工作人员将对烟草本身的研究,转移到以研究含有中草药的卷烟制品上来。本文即对中草药在卷烟中的作用机理及应用领域进行了综述,并对今后中草药添加剂的应用提出了方向。 相似文献
17.
我国农田土壤重金属污染防治与粮食安全保障 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
我国农田土壤重金属污染形势严峻,已对粮食安全构成威胁。文章针对我国农田土壤和粮食作物重金属超标现状,强调把粮食作物区域划分为禁产、限产和宜产3种类型;通过采用重金属低积累粮食作物品种、重金属钝化与阻隔技术及农艺管理等措施,实现中轻度重金属污染农田的安全利用,为粮食安全生产提供技术保障;并明确提出了重金属动态监测、低积累作物品种资源库、钝化剂市场准入、超标农田的轮作休耕、高重金属含量秸秆的处置、粮食安全生产保障体系与政策等是今后我国农田土壤安全利用的关键环节。 相似文献
18.
野生北柴胡根资源量与地上植株形态关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2007年北京东灵山300株野生北柴胡（Bupleurum chinense）植株形态因子和根资源量实测数据为基础,采用方差分析与模型模拟等方法对3种典型生境下北柴胡根资源量与地上植株形态因子之间关系进行了模拟研究。结果表明：①不同生境类型下,株高和叶片数平均值表现出相同的变化规律,即：林地>灌丛>草甸,而分枝数表现出相反的变化规律;②方差分析结果表明,不同生境类型下植株地上形态特征株高、叶片数和分枝数差异性显著;③所选3种模型对根资源量（Y）与株高（x1）,叶片数（x2）和分枝数（x3）之间关系模拟效果排序为,广义可加模型（GAM）>广义线性模型（GLM）>多元线性模型（MLM）,最优模拟结果R2可达0.90以上,且分生境模拟结果优于混合模拟结果;④实测值对最优模型检验结果表明,以95％的可靠性估计,GAM模型对北柴胡根资源量的预估精度均在75％以上。 相似文献
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杭州市居民区土壤重金属形态和酸可溶性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了杭州市50个居民小区土壤重金属元素(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo)的含量、形态和酸可溶性。结果表明，与农业土壤相比，该市居民区土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo均有不同程度的积累；除Cr、Mo外，居民区重金属的积累一般低于该市商业区；土壤重金属元素的积累量随居民区建成时间的增加而增加．居民区土壤中Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以稳定的残余态为主；而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn则以可提取态为主。除Zn、Mn外，重金属的酸可提性组分均较低．土壤重金属的稀酸提取量主要与提取平衡液的pH有关，随pH下降而增加，但大部分土壤中酸可提取的重金属量较低，因此杭州市居民区土壤在正常条件下不会有较多的重金属释放。 相似文献