共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
I. Mazumdar K. Goswami Md Suhrab Ali 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(1):110-116
Jewelry utilizes lead either directly or as a base metal. Costume jewelry requires lead before molding and plating the product with valuable metals. Therefore, such ornaments have a great potential to release heavy metals having health hazards. Also, jewelry makers engaged in preparing German silver, an alloy, apply lead in smelting, alloying, rolling and milling silver wires and pieces. The metal is taken up by blood, soft tissues and bone. The biological effects of lead are dependent upon the level and duration of exposure. Lead inhibits three enzymes of heme biosynthesis- δ-amino-levulinic-acid dehydratase (ALAD), coproporphyrin oxidase, and ferrochelatase, impairing heme synthesis and depressing serum level of erythropoietin resulting in decreased hemoglobin synthesis. Lead exposure also affects calcium metabolism and impair the synthesis of Calcitriol. In the present study, jewelry makers from Dhaka, Bangladesh, were shown to have significantly high levels of lead, protein, albumin, and parathormone in their blood, and significantly high amount of zinc-protoporphyrin and δ-amino-levulinic-acid in their urine. The control group, on the other hand showed significantly higher amounts of calcium (both total and ionized form) Vitamin D3 and non-activated erythrocyte ALAD in their blood, along with hemoglobin. It might be due to inhibition of 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme in renal tubules. Lead causes nephro-toxicity and inhibits 1-α- hydroxylase enzyme leading to decreased calcitriol synthesis resulting in impaired calcium absorption across gastro-intestinal tract and renal tubules. Low Vitamin D3 and significantly increased Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in study group has been found. 相似文献
2.
Taru Goyal Prasenjit Mitra Preeti Singh Shailja Sharma Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):100
In spite of the established knowledge regarding their toxicities, occupational exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium still continues because of their wide distribution in environment. Due to lack of awareness, most of the workers usually eat, smoke, drink at their workplace which may aggravate the metal exposure. The present study was planned to assess the blood levels of lead and cadmium in occupationally exposed workers of Jodhpur (India). A total of 110 individuals working in different industrial set ups (furniture, metal handicraft, welders) of Jodhpur district (exposed group), aged between 20 and 60 years and 97 apparently healthy people (controls) with no history of occupational heavy metal exposure aged between 25 and 60 were recruited. Details of personal habits and demographics were recorded by means of self-developed questionnaire. 5 ml of whole blood was drawn from every individual. Metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism Software. Results showed that Blood Lead Level and Blood Cadmium Level (CdB) were significantly higher in the exposed group as compared to the non-exposed group. Significant age and gender-based differences were found in terms of blood cadmium levels but no such difference was observed in case of blood lead. The study also revealed that higher blood levels of these metals in workers are influenced by their occupational practices, lack of protection against workplace environment pollutants, thus increasing their susceptibility to metal toxicity. 相似文献
3.
Heavy metals are natural elements in the Earth’s crust that can enter human food through industrial or agricultural processing, in the form of fertilizers and pesticides. These elements are not biodegradable. Some heavy metals are known as pollutants and are toxic, and their bioaccumulation in plant and animal tissues can cause undesirable effects for humans; therefore, their amount in water and food should always be under control. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions for the bioremediation of heavy metals in foods. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been used to reduce the heavy metal content in the environment. During the last decades, bioremediation methods using plants and microorganisms have created interest to researchers for their advantages such as being more specific and environmentally friendly. The main pollutant elements in foods and beverages are lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, which have their own permissible limits. Among the microorganisms that are capable of bioremediation of heavy metals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an interesting choice for its special characteristics and being safe for humans, which make it quite common and useful in the food industry. Its mass production as the byproduct of the fermentation industry and the low cost of culture media are the other advantages. The ability of this yeast to remove an individual separated element has also been widely investigated. In countries with high heavy metal pollution in wheat, the use of S. cerevisiae is a native solution for overcoming the problem of solution.This article summarizes the main conditions for heavy metal absorption by S. cerevisiae.How to cite: Massoud R, Hadiani MR, Khosravi Darani K, et al. Bioremediation of heavy metals in food industry: Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.11.003. 相似文献
4.
印度芥菜BjPCS1基因的表达提高烟草对重金属的抗性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在植物体内植物络合素(PC)可与重金属螯合,并进一步转运至液泡贮存,使细胞质的重金属浓度降低,从而达到解毒效果。PC不是基因的直接翻译产物,而是以谷胱甘肽(GSH) 为底物由植物络合素合酶催化而成。将来源于重金属超富集植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)的植物络合素合酶基因BjPCS1转入烟草,PCR和Northern结果表明,该基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在转录水平上表达。在3种重金属(200mmol/L CdCl2、400mmol/L ZnCl2、200mmo/L NiCl2)胁迫条件下,转基因烟草植株的脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率和叶绿素含量等指标均优于未转化的对照植株,表明转化BjPCS1基因提高了烟草对3种重金属的抗性,其中转基因烟草抗Cd能力最强,并且转基因烟草的T1代种子在Cd处理的情况下萌发状况明显优于对照。这些结果说明BjPCS1基因在利用基因工程改良植物抗重金属能力和净化环境污染方面,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
5.
中国东北北部黑土重金属污染趋势分析 总被引：46，自引：0，他引：46
对中国东北北部 2 2个县市黑土可能发生重金属污染的污染源进行了系统调查 ;对土壤样品中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn进行检测分析 ,4种重金属的检出范围依次为 0 0 1 3— 2 31mg kg ,1 0 5 2— 5 7 48mg kg ,42 1 3— 2 2 7 1 0mg kg和 9 95— 46 1 8mg kg .结合单污染指数评价法和表底土比较 2种方法进行污染评判 ,结果表明 ,土壤样品中重金属Cd的污染最为明显 ,其污染多集中在中度和重度水平 .对于重金属Pb、Zn和Cu的污染用单污染指数评判没有准确反映污染的真实情况 ,同时说明不同评判方法的精确性有较大的差距 .用表底土比较法对Pb、Cu、Zn 3种重金属进行评判 ,发现其在采样区域的污染水平仍非常明显 ,依次有 5 7 1 %,2 1 0 %和 5 3 3%的表土样品受到这 3种重金属不同程度的污染 .大部分受到污染的土壤样点大多集中在市内工业区附近土壤和城乡结合部菜地 相似文献
6.
新技术、新材料、新产业的蓬勃发展将对关键金属矿产需求产生深远影响,探讨技术进步如何影响关键金属矿产需求,从而确保关键金属矿产安全,对中国经济迈上高质量发展阶段和实现低碳转型具有一定现实意义。本文对技术进步与关键金属需求关系的文献展开了系统梳理,发现：随着资源安全成为国家重要需求问题,技术进步与关键金属需求预测研究逐渐成为热点,但现有文献量化研究较少且缺乏系统性,鉴于技术进步测度和数据获取等难点,需求预测结果的精准性有待进一步提高。本文提炼了技术进步作用于关键金属需求的3条微观影响机制,即技术进步—经济增长—关键金属、技术进步—产业结构—关键金属、技术进步—替代循环—关键金属,为后续研究提供整体分析框架;提出该领域后续研究重点,即重点关注低碳技术-关键金属、战略新兴产业-关键金属耦合问题,同时解决技术进步在理论模型和计量模型中的测度问题,推进新技术革命背景下关键金属需求预测分析框架的构建。 相似文献
7.
中国有色金属行业的生态占用研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
中国有色金属行业能耗高、水耗大、三废产量大,属于环境污染比较严重的行业之一。本文通过考察有色金属行业的生态足迹及其构成和变化,分析了行业发展面临的环境压力状况。研究表明:①有色金属行业生态足迹近年来总体上一直处于上升趋势,其中能源消费间接占用地在总生态足迹中占主导地位;②分品种看,铝在有色金属行业生态足迹所占份额最大,达到53%,其次为铅锌、铜,占行业的比重分别为15%、12%,铝、铅、锌和铜这4种金属生态足迹为有色金属行业的80%,是决定该行业生态足迹大小的关键矿种,也是对行业产生环境压力、冲击和影响的主要来源;③有色金属行业近年来生态效率呈上升趋势,不仅其大小高于工业部门和三大产业部门的平均水平,其增长率相对也较高,这反映了现阶段行业生产依然是“高投入、高产出”的特点。该研究结果对于理解有色金属行业发展与环境保护之间的关系、制定行业可持续发展规划具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
8.
D'souza HS Dsouza SA Menezes G Venkatesh T 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):197-201
Among the heavy metals, lead still remains the major toxic pollutant of the environment. Human exposure to lead can occur
through numerous pathways including air, food, dust, soil, and water. In the present study 14 lead poisoned patients with
non-occupational lead exposure were evaluated. They were followed up and compared against the controls with no history of
lead exposure. The patients had high blood lead levels and symptoms of weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, generalized body
ache, loss of appetite, and anxiety. Repeated course of chelation therapy helped to bring down their body burden of lead.
Alternative sources for lead exposure can cause severe lead poisoning in general population. Screening and medical management
of such individuals is very important to identify and eliminate sources of lead. The treatment and management requires a thorough
medical evaluation and environmental intervention. 相似文献
9.
上海城郊地区城市化进程与农用土壤重金属污染的关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以上海城郊地区为例,在对城市化综合水平与城郊农用土壤重金属污染程度进行测度的基础上,利用相关分析与回归分析方法,对上海城郊各区城市化进程与城郊农用土壤重金属之间的关系进行了定量分析。结果显示：①上海城郊各区城市化水平差异较大,总体表现为近郊高于远郊;重金属在各区呈现出不同程度的累积,累积程度排序为Zn >Cu> Cr> Pb;②Cu、Zn单因子污染指数、综合污染指数等3项指标与城市化水平之间均呈现出显著正相关,Pb、Cr单因子污染指数与城市化水平之间的相关性不明显;③根据相关分析结果,将土壤重金属综合污染指数、Zn单因子污染指数、Cu单因子污染指数等3个指标作为因变量,城市化综合水平指数为自变量进行回归分析,结果表明,3项重金属污染指标与城市化综合水平指数的拟合曲线均呈现典型EKC特征,除城市化水平最高的闵行区3项重金属污染指标已跨越拐点,上海城郊其余各区农用土壤重金属污染指标均未跨越拐点,仍处于EKC曲线的左侧。 相似文献
10.
【目的】在健康中国战略深入实施背景下,环境健康风险已逐步融入到土壤污染防治过程中,如何揭示省域土壤重金属健康风险强度的空间集聚特征和影响因素,对于维护土壤资源可持续利用、完善风险防控体系和保障区域人群健康至关重要。【方法】本文在优化了US EPA健康风险评估模型的基础上,明晰了江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险特征因子和不同县区健康风险强度,从地理学视角构建了包括加权标准差椭圆、莫兰指数和地理探测器在内的空间分析方法体系,揭示了健康风险强度的空间集聚特征和影响因素,并探讨了江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险管控对策。【结果】结果表明：①Cr、Pb和As是江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险特征因子,且对应的儿童致癌风险高于10-6的点位占比分别为99.97%、74.24%和98.39%;②Cr、Pb和As在不同县域的健康风险强度变化范围为0.0158~0.6532、0.0002~0.0466和0.0025~0.3859,对应的综合健康风险强度变化范围为0.0256~1.0399,且江苏省北部县区对于其健康风险强度具有较高的影响,对应的影响程度顺序为As > Cr > Pb;③Cr、Pb、As及综合健康风险强度具有显著空间集聚特征,对应的全局莫兰指数分别为0.084、0.053、0.225和0.143,且以HH和LL空间聚类为主,其类型区数量占4种类型区的68.18%。④地均化肥施用量、居民受教育程度、道路密度和地均GDP等4个探测因子的q值均大于0.3,对于重金属健康风险强度的空间分异有较高的解释度,且探测因子间呈现出非线性增强和双因子增强作用。【结论】江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险强度评价与分析为环境与健康研究提供了新的思路,研究结果可为江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险管控策略的制定提供现实依据。 相似文献
11.
本研究主要目的在于探索适用于宽带光纤放大器和蓝绿光激光器用稀土掺杂基质玻璃材料。通过对掺Er3+重金属氧氟玻璃的光谱性质和析晶稳定性研究以及稀土离子掺杂重金属氧卤玻璃的上转换发光研究,为其在宽带掺Er3+光纤放大器和蓝绿光波段激光器中的潜在应用提供基础。研究结果表明：重金属PbF2的加入提高了掺Er3+硅酸盐玻璃和锗酸盐玻璃的带宽特性和增益性能;首次在Er3+/Yb3+共掺和Er3+单掺硅酸盐玻璃发现上转换蓝光;重金属氟化铅的加入提高了Er3+单掺锗酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光;在室温下同时观察到Er3+的上转换蓝光、绿光和红光,分别是由于Er3+离子2H9/2→4I15/2, 2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, 和4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁;混合卤化铅效应调整Tm3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐有利于基质玻璃析晶性能的改善和上转换发光性能的提高;在室温下同时观察到Tm3+的上转换蓝光和红光,分别是由于Tm3+离子的1G4→3H6和1G4→3H4跃迁;首次在碲酸盐基质玻璃中发现OH-吸收对Er3+和Tm3+的上转换发光具有重要影响。 相似文献
12.
13.
A. Ravi Raja G. N. Vishal Babu Geraldine Menezes T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):200-203
Awareness about the toxic effects of non-essential metals is still lacking in developing countries. Lead is one among them,
which ranks second in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’ s top 20 lists of toxic metals. Some of the herbal
medicines prepared from certain roots and leaves are known to contain this toxic metal at alarming levels. We have a case
of a person who suffered from the toxic effects of lead such as vomiting and colicky abdominal pain after consuming a herbal
remedy for Jaundice treatment. This went unrecognized initially because of the presence of multiple problems like Malaria
and Renal calculi. Lead poisoning as causative factor for anemia, vomiting and colic were confirmed only when blood lead concentration
was estimated. A combination of chelation therapy and nutritional supplementation was found to be useful in reducing the body
lead burden. 相似文献
14.
近年来,我国重金属污染日趋严重引起了人们广泛关注。本文概括了我国农田土壤重金属污染来源及特点,为我国农田重金属污染防治提供依据。 相似文献
15.
铅锌尾矿对环境污染的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于铅锌尾矿长期露天放置会对环境产生危害。通过原子吸收分光光度法、原子荧光分光光度法对不同酸静态浸泡后铅锌尾矿的浸出液测定得出,盐酸对金属离子浸出影响最大。细颗粒的尾矿更易浸出,浸出时间越长,浸出的金属含量反而降低。测定了尾矿堆附近的土壤,通过与背景值和标准对照,说明尾矿堆附近土壤已经被污染。 相似文献
16.
通过慢性暴露实验研究了菲律宾蛤仔在锌(Zn2+),铅(Pb2+)单一胁迫及联合胁迫下,消化腺和鳃内富集Zn2+和Pb2+及其金属硫蛋白水平随Zn2+、Pb2+暴露浓度的变化规律.结果表明, Zn2+50μg/L、Pb2+25μg/L联合胁迫时,消化腺和鳃内重金属的富集低于Zn2+、Pb2+单一胁迫,表现为拮抗作用;MT含量随着Zn2+、Pb2+暴露质量浓度变化而变化,比较发现消化腺中MT含量随Pb2+暴露质量浓度的变化最显著(p<0.01). 相似文献
17.
采用盆栽法考察不同质量浓度的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、As 5种重金属复合胁迫对酢酱草抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示随着重金属处理浓度梯度的增加,酢酱草过氧化物酶(POD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、脯氨酸(PRO)含量及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量先升高后降低;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性逐渐下降。结果表明酢酱草在重金属复合胁迫下能防御性的增加POD酶活性、SOD酶活性、PRO含量及GSH含量以减少逆环境的伤害,而重金属复合胁迫浓度过高则会导致酢酱草抗氧化酶系统受到明显损害,生长受到很大程度的抑制。 相似文献
18.
杭州市居民区土壤重金属形态和酸可溶性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了杭州市50个居民小区土壤重金属元素(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo)的含量、形态和酸可溶性。结果表明，与农业土壤相比，该市居民区土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Mo均有不同程度的积累；除Cr、Mo外，居民区重金属的积累一般低于该市商业区；土壤重金属元素的积累量随居民区建成时间的增加而增加．居民区土壤中Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以稳定的残余态为主；而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn则以可提取态为主。除Zn、Mn外，重金属的酸可提性组分均较低．土壤重金属的稀酸提取量主要与提取平衡液的pH有关，随pH下降而增加，但大部分土壤中酸可提取的重金属量较低，因此杭州市居民区土壤在正常条件下不会有较多的重金属释放。 相似文献
19.
3种植物对重金属富集能力的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以菖蒲(Acorus calamusLinn.)、金叶菖蒲(Acorus gramineus‘Ogon’)和散尾葵(Chrysalido-carpus lutescensH.Wendl)为试验材料,将3种植物定植于人工配置的Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb复合型污染的土壤,研究不同植物对土壤中重金属的富集能力。结果表明:3种植物根部具有较强的吸收与富集作用,除Zn外,其他三种元素在根中的含量要大于茎叶中的含量,表明根系对Cu、Cr和Pb的滞留能力较强;3种植物对Zn的吸收量最大、吸收速率比较高,而对Pb的吸收量最少、吸收速率比较低,表明这3种植物对Zn污染的土壤净化效果最为明显,而对Pb污染土壤净化效果较差。 相似文献
20.
我国农田土壤重金属污染防治与粮食安全保障 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
我国农田土壤重金属污染形势严峻,已对粮食安全构成威胁。文章针对我国农田土壤和粮食作物重金属超标现状,强调把粮食作物区域划分为禁产、限产和宜产3种类型;通过采用重金属低积累粮食作物品种、重金属钝化与阻隔技术及农艺管理等措施,实现中轻度重金属污染农田的安全利用,为粮食安全生产提供技术保障;并明确提出了重金属动态监测、低积累作物品种资源库、钝化剂市场准入、超标农田的轮作休耕、高重金属含量秸秆的处置、粮食安全生产保障体系与政策等是今后我国农田土壤安全利用的关键环节。 相似文献