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目前基于建模的抗癌药物敏感性预测研究较多,但这些模型大多使用传统单任务学习模型。这种模型在解决复杂问题时需将问题拆分成单个子问题,忽略了各个子问题之间存在的关联,因而模型精度会受到影响。大多数药物敏感性预测模型仅使用了基因表达数据,忽略了基因突变、甲基化以及拷贝数等数据对药物敏感性预测的影响。结合上述数据,并考虑到不同药物之间可能存在的相似性,利用多任务学习方法共享任务之间的信息,对抗癌药物敏感性进行预测,预测的平均精度达到56%以上,较普通的Lasso模型提高了35%左右。同时,针对每种药物找出一些敏感的生物标志物,这些生物标志物可为癌症治疗提供指导。 相似文献
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Montazery-Kordy H Miran-Baygi MH Moradi MH 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(11):863-870
Objective: To develop a new bioinformatic tool based on a data-mining approach for extraction of the most infor-mative proteins that could be used to fred the potential biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Methods: Two independent datasets from serum samples of 253 ovarian cancer and 167 breast cancer patients were used. The samples were examined by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The datasets were used to extract the informative proteins using a data-mining method in the discrete stationary wavelet transform domain. As a dimensionality re-duction procedure, the hard threshoiding method was applied to reduce the number of wavelet coefficients. Also, a distance measure was used to select the most discriminative coefficients. To find the potential biomarkers using the selected wavelet coefficients, we applied the inverse discrete stationary wavelet transform combined with a two-sided t-test. Results: From the ovarian cancer dataset, a set of five proteins were detected as potential biomarkers that could be used to identify the cancer patients from the healthy cases with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 100%. Also, from the breast cancer dataset, a set of eight proteins were found as the potential biomarkers that could separate the healthy cases from the cancer patients with accuracy of 98.26%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 95.6%. Conclusion: The results have shown that the new bioinformatic tool can be used in combination with the high-throughput proteomic data such as SELDI-TOF MS to find the potential biomarkers with high discriminative power. 相似文献
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Geng Hao Zhou Qingchen Guo Wenhao Lu Ling Bi Liangkuan Wang Yi Min Jie Yu Dexin Liang Zhaofeng 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(5):341-347
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell. In recent years,several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers, including bladder cancer(BC), and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance, high stability, tissue specificity, and wide distribution in body fluids, and are secreted as various types by cells in different states, thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC. Herein, we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC, while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BC. 相似文献
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Xu-xu Liu Wei-dong Liu Lei Wang Bin Zhu Xiao Shi Zi-xuan Peng He-cheng Zhu Xing-dong Liu Mei-zuo Zhong Dan Xie Mu-sheng Zeng Cai-ping Ren 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(3):171-182
The identification and use of molecular biomarkers have greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. However, a much deeper understanding of oncogenic proteins is needed for the benefit to cancer patients. The lipid raft marker proteins, flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, were first found in goldfish retinal ganglion cells during axon regeneration. They have since been found in a variety of cells, mainly on the inner surface of cell membranes, and not only act as a skeleton to provide a platform for protein–protein interactions, but also are involved in signal transduction, nerve regeneration, endocytosis, and lymphocyte activation. Previous studies have shown that flotillins are closely associated with tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. In this article, we review the functions of flotillins in relevant cell processes, their underlying mechanisms of action in a variety of tumors, and their potential applications to tumor molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy. 相似文献
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Bo Yang Guo-qiang Liao Xiao-fei Wen Wei-hua Chen Sheng Cheng Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg Roman Ganzer Jochen Neuhaus 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(11):921-933
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men. Early detection and risk stratification is the most effective way to improve the survival of PCa patients. Current PCa biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cancer. Metabolite biomarkers are evolving as a new diagnostic tool. This review is aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolite biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and monitoring of PCa. Of the 154 identified publications, 27 and 38 were original papers on urine and serum metabolomics, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising method for measuring concentrations of metabolites in complex samples with good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and simple sample processing. Especially urine-based NMR metabolomics has the potential to be a cost-efficient method for the early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and monitoring treatment efficacy. 相似文献
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On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo, had been widely characterized in the last three decades. DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens, allergens and alloantigen. DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes. This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Initially, it was assumed that DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, but now it is evident that DCs also have important roles in innate immunity. These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against various pathological conditions including malignancies. Initially, DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers. Data from these studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago. In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in patients with cancers, although few controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. Because the fundamentals principles of human cancers and animal models of cancers are different, the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing regime of DC-based therapy in cancer patients is not satisfactory. In this review, we covered the various aspects that should be considered for developing better regime of DC-based therapy for human cancers. 相似文献
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Dendritic cells(DCs),the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo,had been widely characterized in the lastthree decades.DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens,allergens and alloantigen.DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues topresent the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes.This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes.Initially,it was assumedthat DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses,but now it is evident that DCsalso have important roles in innate immunity.These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against variouspathological conditions including malignancies.Initially,DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers.Data fromthese studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago.In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in pati 相似文献
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Ming Zhao Xian-feng Ding Jian-yu Shen Xi-ping Zhang Xiao-wen Ding Bin Xu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(1):15-26
Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality. It is helpful to reduce the rate of tumor recurrence and metastasis by treating breast cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy, so as to increase the cure rate or survival of patients. In recent years, liposomes have been regarded as a kind of new carrier for targeted drugs. Being effective for enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects, they have been widely used for developing anticancer drugs. As a kind of anthracycline with high anticancer activity, doxorubicin can treat or alleviate a variety of malignant tumors effectively when it is used on its own or in combination with other anticancer drugs. Although liposomal doxorubicin has been extensively used in the adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer, its exact therapeutic efficacy and side effects have not been definitely proven. Various clinical studies have adopted different combined regimes, dosages, and staging, so their findings differ to certain extent. This paper reviews the clinical application of liposomal doxorubicin in the adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer and illustrates therapeutic effects and side effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and non-PLD (NPLD) in clinical research, in order to discuss the strategies for applying these drugs in such adjuvant chemotherapy, looking forward to providing references for related research and clinical treatment in terms of dosage, staging, combined regimes, and analysis methods and so on. 相似文献
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Xiao-jie Xie Ju-bo Jiang Jun Jiang Jian-an Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(9):838-844
Based on different mechanisms of blood coagulation, coexistence of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis in a single individual is extremely rare in clinical practice. Both antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy should be adopted for patients with arteriovenous embolism. Balancing the risk of ischemia and hemorrhage is especially challenging in these patients in order to achieve an optimal clinical benefit. We report on a 55-year-old female with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), subsequently diagnosed as having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and a cerebral infarction. Examinations had been carried out, excluding potential arteriovenous shunts, cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome and other common hypercoagulable states. A combination of an anticoagulant drug (rivaroxaban, an Xa inhibitor) and an antiplatelet agent (clopidogrel, an ADP receptor inhibitor) was prescribed with a β-blocker and atorvastatin. The embolus was gradually shrunk during the next 10 months, and then it turned back into expanding. During the 16 months’ follow-up, an aneurysm of left ventricular apex was found through an echocardiogram and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was administered. We conclude that combined anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy significantly relieved the symptoms and improved the prognosis in patients suffering from arteriovenous embolism without any major clinical bleeding events. 相似文献
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在过去三十年,癌症的免疫学研究和免疫治疗取得了重大进展。一个重要的进步就是识别人类癌症抗原对癌症患者引起的自发性免疫反应。迄今已知的大部分免疫原性人类癌症抗原属于睾丸癌抗原家族,这种抗原蛋白在各种类型癌症中均有表达,但正常组织不表达（除胚胎细胞外）。癌症免疫治疗的目的就是通过接种相关抗原联合免疫佐剂诱导或激发肿瘤特异性免疫反应。免疫佐剂与抗原联合应用可诱导强效的免疫反应,或者显著提高原有的免疫反应。免疫治疗对于早期癌症患者可能是有益的,因为在此阶段免疫逃逸不明显。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION With the enormous progress in tumor immu-nology,immunotherapy has reached an exciting phase in its evolution for the treatment of cancer(Hart,2005;Onji and Akbar,2005).Although an effective immunotherapeutic regimen has yet not been dem-onstrated in the clinical setting and the ultimate role of immunotherapy in the treatment of glioma is still unknown,the potential for immunotherapy as an adjunct to the current treatment of gliomas is now based on solid evidence(Yu et al.,20… 相似文献
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Juliana FELGUEIRAS Joana Vieira SILVA Margarida FARDILHA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(1):16-42
Prostate cancer （PCa） incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men＇s death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as an- drogen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it even- tually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards under- standing PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges. 相似文献
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An integrated approach utilizing proteomics and bioinformatics to detect ovarian cancer 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologicmalignancy. Poor survival rates are mainly attribut-able to late diagnosis. Most patients at diagnosis haveadvanced stage disease. The 5-year survival rate forlate clinical stage ovarian cancer is only 25%, but forearly stage disease, the survival rate can be as high as90%. CA125, the most widely used biomarker forovarian cancer, does not have a satisfying positivepredictive value. In early stage ovarian cancer,40%–50% pati… 相似文献
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Malignant gliomas are the most devastating tumors in clinical practice and nave poorest survival, Immunological treatment of such patients may likely increase the survival and quality of life. Dendritic cells （DCs）, most potent antigen presenting cells in combination with oral chemotherapeutic agents may be tried for patients giving consent to such treatment. We have successfully combined the two therapies in an adult male patient who was on downhill course after being operated on once with post operation chemotherapy and radiotherapy for glioma in the left parietal area. He received five dendritic cell therapy vaccines in combination with oral chemotherapy and responded dramatically having near normal quality of life for an additional five months with this regime, increasing the survival after operation to 11 months. This therapy is continuing with radiological betterment of the lesion. The DCs are matured with antigen extracted from wax embedded tissue at 6th day of culture. We feel that the treatment can be given to more number of patients to establish its efficacy for the dreaded cancer glioblastoma multiforme. 相似文献
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CANCER BIOMARKERS: CURRENT STATUS Despite advances in diagnostic imaging technol-ogy, surgical management, and therapeutic modalities,cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide.Currently, it is estimated that cancer kills over 6 mill-ion people per year worldwide, with over 10 millionnew cases being diagnosed every year. Mortality ismainly attributed to dissemination of primary cancerto distant organs, on which no effective treatment isavailable. The dilemma in oncology p… 相似文献
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目的:对我院麻醉药品的使用情况进行评估并对麻醉药品的合理使用提供依据.方法:对2003年我院麻醉药品处方进行分析.结果:共收集处方16356张,常用药物5种,使用频度最大的是哌替啶针,年消量最大的是芬太尼针.结论:麻醉药品使用基本合理,晚期癌症病人的用量偏少. 相似文献
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目的：了解本地区近几年支原体感染及药敏的情况,为临床提供合理用药资料。方法：采用珠海银科支原体鉴定药敏试剂盒进行检测。结果：903例标本中检出334例支原体感染患者,检出率37．6％,其中解脲脲原体（Uu）305例占91．3％,解脲脲原体合并人支原体（Uu＋Mh）28例占8．3％,人支原体1例占0．4％。用药情况为美满霉素和强力霉素敏感性最高,敏感度为95．8％,其次为交沙霉素、司帕沙星、罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、克拉霉素、环丙沙星、壮观霉素、氧氟沙星敏感性最低。结论：美满霉素和强力霉素对治疗支原体感染效果显著,建议临床医生对该病患者合理用药。 相似文献