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1.
本研究通过对北京市所有培智学校的在校学生进行的SSBS问卷调查研究发现(1)智力落后男生的反社会行为水平显著高于女生,女生的自我管理能力显著高于男生;(2)随着智力落后程度的加重,社会能力得分显著降低,而在反社会行为的反社会攻击维度,轻度智力落后学生的得分显著低于中、重度智力落后学生;(3)入学前教育机构的智力落后学生的学业成就水平显著高于未入过的智力落后学生,但对反社会行为水平及社会能力的其它维度没有显著影响;(4)在智力落后群体中,孤独症、21-三体学生的社会能力发展处于较低水平;21-三体学生的社会能力好于孤独症学生,并表现在社会能力分量表的各维度;孤独症学生的反社会攻击水平高于21-三体的学生。 相似文献
2.
在科学活动中培养学生的社会情绪能力已成为科学教育的重要目标之一。采用自编儿童同感能力自评问卷,以是否参与做中学和性别为自变量,对小学三、四年级学生的同感能力水平进行对比研究。结果发现,实验组学生的同感能力显著高于控制组学生。分析表明,做中学有利于培养学生的同感能力,尤其是对于男生而言,其促进作用更为显著。 相似文献
3.
Julie C. Dunsmore Ryoichi J. P. Noguchi Pamela W. Garner Elizabeth C. Casey Naureen Bhullar 《Early education and development》2008,19(2):211-237
Research Findings: We examined whether affective social competence, or the ability to effectively send and receive emotional signals and to manage one's own emotional experience, contributes to preschool children's peer relations. Forty-two previously unacquainted preschoolers were observed while participating in a week-long playschool. Greater nonstereotypical emotion knowledge was related to girls' popularity and boys' likelihood of having a reciprocal friendship. Girls with greater skill at sending emotional communications and managing emotions were more likely to have a reciprocal friendship. Boys who were better at managing emotions compared to others in their group were less popular. The role of social context in the influence of affective social competence on children's peer relations is discussed. Practice or Policy: Results have implications for early childhood educators' promotion of children's socioemotional skills. 相似文献
4.
Sara A. Schmitt Kendra M. Lewis Robert J. Duncan Irem Korucu Amy R. Napoli 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(1):141-151
Children from low-income families are at greater risk for poor social–emotional development and physical health and may be in need of intervention. This study examined the extent to which the Positive Action (PA) preschool lessons improved low-income children’s social–emotional competence and health behaviors. Mixed findings emerged with regard to whether the lessons facilitated growth in child outcomes. Results showed positive effects of PA on children’s directly assessed social problem solving skills and their parent-rated social–emotional competence and health behaviors. Unexpectedly, program effects on teacher ratings of social–emotional competence were in the opposite direction. These findings provide preliminary evidence that PA may be effective in promoting positive social–emotional and health behavior outcomes for children, particularly when outcomes are assessed directly and by parents. 相似文献
5.
This paper presents an exploration of conversation in a single episode of whole-class work in a Year 12,all girls' Calculus class. The analysis is cast in terms of Habermasian communicative competence, which requires students to evidence critical thinking and the ability to express their views. Favourable learning outcomes in the class are explained by the teacher's mode of questioning, cooperative endeavour by students, the instructional sequence and use of technologies including the graphics calculator. The circumstances of problematic outcomes are also identified.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Caregiver-infant interactions were studied for 50 preterm infants and their primary caregivers. Naturalistic observations in the home were made when the infants were 1, 3, and 8 months of age. The social transactions in the first year were related to competence at age 2, thereby extending a previous report showing a moderate association between caregiver-infant interaction and competence at 9 months. The frequency of early social transactions was predictive of the infant's competence at age 2 on the Gesell Developmental Schedules, a sensorimotor scale, a measure of receptive language, and the Bayley Mental Scale. Early social transactions were as predictive of 2-year competence as were caregiver-child transactions at age 2. The study suggests that social transactions as early as 1 month reflect some quality of the relationship between the caregiver and the infant that is important to the child's later mental performance. 相似文献
7.
《Early childhood research quarterly》2005,20(1):13-36
The quality of the home environment is widely recognized as a strong contributor to young children's emergent literacy and social competence and to their subsequent educational success. The present study examined the relationships between family variables (socioeconomic status (SES), social risk factors, and home learning variables) and children's emergent literacy competence and children's social functioning. The sample for this study was obtained by randomly selecting 48 classrooms within three Head Start programs and, then, randomly selecting five girls and five boys from each class. The final sample consisted of 325 families for which information about both child and primary caregiver was obtained from multiple sources (teacher, outside assessor, and primary caregiver). A mediational model was hypothesized and tested using structural equation modeling. The findings are consistent with the hypotheses that family social risk and home learning experiences mediate the association between SES and Head Start children's school readiness in the areas of emergent literacy competence and social functioning. 相似文献
8.
Silseth Kenneth Hontvedt Magnus Mäkitalo Åsa 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2023,38(2):881-902
The purpose of this paper is to examine the complex relationships between educational policy and classroom practice. By employing a sociocultural perspective, we examine formulations inscribed in socio-material artifacts about what students should learn and how they should engage with knowledge. We explore how these formulations are mobilized in instructional work and the implications this activity has for student participation. To address this issue, we analyzed video data of how teachers invoke competence aims from the national curriculum in their instructional work in six classrooms. The analytical procedures were derived from interaction analysis. The analysis focuses on how such formulations explicitly mediate social interaction as it unfolds on a micro level. The findings show that competence aims gain different functions as they are mobilized in classroom practice; in other words, they serve different purposes in teachers’ instructional work and anticipate different modes of student participation. In this study, the competence aims were (a) invoked as a source of authority, (b) translated into instructions, and (c) mobilized to obtain social order in the classroom. More rarely, the competence aims were used in meta-level discussions, where they functioned to reach agreements on how to pursue work toward joint goals. We discuss the implications of these ways of invoking competence aims for student participation.
相似文献9.
文化切入既包含对第二语言文化的学习,也包含对学习者自身的母语文化的学习.文化切入对于跨文化交际能力的培养具有重要作用.真正的交际能力应该是在熟知交际对象的文化意识的情况下做出符合交际对象文化语用特征的信息传递能力.因此,成功的交际过程并非单纯语言层面上的交际,跨文化交际实际上是一种社会行为,它具有一定的社会功能,受社会文化特征的制约. 相似文献
10.
The effects of social skills training and peer involvement on the social adjustment of preadolescents 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
This study examined the effects of social skills training and peer involvement on the peer acceptance of disliked preadolescents. 56 fifth- and sixth-grade children were identified as unaccepted by their peers and deficient in conversational skills. These children were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: (1) conversational skills training (individual coaching), (2) peer involvement under superordinate goals (group experience), (3) conversational skills training combined with peer involvement (group experience with coaching), and (4) a no-treatment control. Differential treatment effects were observed at both a posttreatment and follow-up assessment. As predicted, conversational skills training promoted skill acquisition and increased skillful social interaction. Peer involvement increased peer acceptance and children's self-perceptions of their social efficacy. The results were interpreted in terms of a developmentally based multidimensional model of social competence. 相似文献
11.
我国中小学班级工作的传统与当代变革 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
集体主义教育一向是我国中小学班级工作的传统,但它一方面曾异化为管理主义,并产生了许多负面效果;另一方面也在历史变革中向着更为人性化和民主化的方向发展。新的历史条件要求我国的班级工作在扬弃传统的过程中,注重对学生进行现代公民基本素养的教育。 相似文献
12.
赵莉莉 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2010,24(4)
英语语言学在研究语言本身的同时,也研究其使用过程,以及此过程所涉及的社会和心理因素。文章指出人们对"以学生为中心"的英语教学法为主的课堂教学的普遍看法,以及学生自身因素等对英语教学的影响。针对以提高学生交际能力为目的的英语课程,提出了如何提高学生语言应用能力的课堂教学对策。 相似文献
13.
创新大学生"三下乡"社会实践活动的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
余嘉强 《广东广播电视大学学报》2006,15(2):87-90
大学生按照“受教育、长才干、作贡献”的原则,开展文化科技卫生“三下乡”社会实践活动,这是传播科技文化的桥梁,符合马克思主义认识论的要求,能帮助大学生认识成长的正确道路,有利于大学生了解国情、社情、农情和民情,是建设社会主义新农村的内在要求,促进了大学生综合素质的提高。在新形势下要努力创新大学生“三下乡”社会实践活动。 相似文献
14.
论高校思想政治工作与社会稳定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
陈胜国 《湖南科技学院学报》2006,27(3):144-146
高校思想政治工作事关社会稳定。在新的形势下，要充分认识高校思想政治工作对社会稳定的重要意义，针对大学生的特点，卓有成效地开展工作，在激烈的国际人才争夺战中有所作为。要加强对大学生的教育，建设一支高素质的高校思想政治工作队伍，在构建和谐校园中发挥积极作用，维护社会稳定。 相似文献
15.
《International Journal of Educational Research》1996,25(5):449-464
On-the-job training can be defined as the enhancement of job competence acquisition, involving one or more of the following elements: (i) the actual work processes, (ii) the physical work environment, and (iii) the social work environment. Research into on-the-job is in its infancy, although it comprises a substantial portion of employee training. There is an important distinction between structured and unstructured on the-job training, but structure is just one of the dimensions needed to describe the variety of forms on-the-job training can take. Recent studies offer insights into conditions, processes, and effects of on-the-job training. These insights should be integrated in a theory on on-the-job training. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we explore the relationship between differing conceptualisations of competence, and the implications of these differences for the enacted workplace curriculum and its pedagogical epistemologies. We argue that when competence is understood as a set of stand-alone attributes that reside within an individual, it limits and over simplifies understandings of work, the context of the work, and the vocation of which that work is a part. We propose that instead of a static end product, competence should be viewed as a continuous process of development, of becoming, and of understanding the work individually and collectively. Drawing on an analysis of two workplace learning case studies, we illustrate the ways in which the work itself structures the enacted workplace curriculum and facilitates or constrains learning. The Singaporean case studies, one of trainee chefs in a high-end hotel and the other of trainee healthcare assistants in a nursing home, for the elderly provide sharp contrasts of differing conceptualisations of competence. Data was collected through analysing organisational policies on training and development semi-structured interviews with trainees and their workplace supervisors, unstructured, nonparticipant workplace observations of the trainees and supervisors as they carried out their daily work tasks. 相似文献
17.
哈佛大学、世界教育杂志、教育发展中心和波利维亚的研究人员完成了一项在玻利维亚的历时3年多的大规模的纵深研究.我们已发现女童的教育与其发展二者相关,本研究则旨在阐明成人基础教育和妇女的社会与经济水平之间是否有相类似的关系存在.
该研究随机抽样了2200名成年妇女,包括1600名该项目的参与者和600名非参与者.研究人员综合衡量了妇女社会地位与经济水平及其发展结构,他们使用的指数包括1)识字/教育水平;2)挣钱活动的参与度;3)家庭决定权;4)子女教育;5)公民事务参与度与公民意识;6)法律权利参与度与法律意识;7)保健参与度及保健意识.此项研究的一个关键研究成果是综合基础成人教育项目对玻利维亚妇女的生活有重要作用(或影响),甚至在考虑了妇女的个人特点、所受正规教育水平、社会地位、经济地位、家庭所在地以及三年中的种种未知因素后依然如此.该项目参与者在社会与经济水平上比未参与者净增11个百分点.本文解释了所应用的研究框架、方法和得出的重要发现. 相似文献
18.
A successful transition from kindergarten to 1st grade requires a positive combination of multiple dimensions of child competence. Using latent class analysis, we simultaneously examined the academic skills, work attitude, and social/behavioral competence of a large sample of Dutch kindergarten children to identify profiles of kindergarten competence. We tested the predictive power of the profiles by means of multivariate multilevel analyses with language, arithmetic, and work attitude scores as outcome variables. Research Findings: Five profiles of children with distinctive combinations of skills were identified. The results showed that the profile solution forms a significant basis on which to predict later performance. In particular, children in the 2 profiles with the highest kindergarten competence levels perform significantly better in Grade 1 than children with less advantageous skill sets, an effect that tends to increase in magnitude at the end of Grade 2. Practice or Policy: We suggest a practical validation of these profiles to be used as tools for tailoring learning opportunities in kindergarten according to children's skill sets. 相似文献
19.
The Relations of Emotionality and Regulation to Preschoolers' Social Skills and Sociometric Status 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Nancy Eisenberg Richard A. Fabes Jane Bernzweig Mariss Karbon Rick Poulin Laura Hanish 《Child development》1993,64(5):1418-1438
The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of emotionality (intensity and negative emotion) and regulation (coping and attentional regulation) to preschoolers' social skills (as rated by adults) and sociometric status. Teachers' ratings of children's constructive coping and attentional control were positively related to boys' social skills and peer status, whereas negative affect was negatively related. Acting out (vs. avoidant) coping and emotional intensity were negatively related to girls' and boys' social skills and boys' peer status. In addition, mothers' reports of boys' coping by seeking social support and low emotional intensity were associated with boys' positive social functioning, whereas avoidant coping was positively related to girls' rated social skills. The results are discussed in relation to research on emotion regulation and coping with emotion in interpersonal contexts. 相似文献
20.
《Early education and development》2013,24(4):613-628
Research Findings. The present study examined relations between social-cognitive skills, aggression, and social competence using teacher questionnaires and tabletop tasks with preschool and kindergarten children. It was hypothesized that the acquisition of a theory of "mind," as indexed by an understanding of false beliefs, might be related to social behavior for this age group. Overall, results indicated that both generation of forceful solutions in a traditional social-problem solving task and performance on the false belief tasks were significantly related to social competence, after controlling for the effects of age, language comprehension, and teacher ratings of aggression. In addition, theory of mind understanding was a better predictor of social competence than performance on a more traditional social information-processing task that involved the generation of alternative solutions to interpersonal problems. Practice. The implications of these findings for preschool and kindergarten peer relations and their potential relevance to treatment of deficits in social skills are discussed. Specifically, training in an understanding of counterfactual thinking (e.g., through increased and structured opportunities to engage in pretend play and storytelling) may enhance preschooler social skills. 相似文献