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1.
Denise J. A. Metcalfe Cornelius M. Fourie Christoffel P. H. Myburgh 《Journal of Food Science Education》2020,19(2):85-96
South African societal stakeholders are in general not satisfied with the work preparedness of newly graduated food science and technology students. There is currently little local literature available that defines the graduate capabilities required of newly graduated food scientists and technologists in South Africa. Therefore, the outcomes of an empirical analysis conducted through stakeholder engagement to identify the required graduate capabilities of newly graduated students in food science and technology are reported in this article. A self‐developed questionnaire, administered as a web‐based survey, was used to conduct a needs analysis to identify the required graduate capabilities. The results of this study showed that the identified graduate capabilities composed of generic graduate attributes, including the related employability skills and characteristics of graduateness, the desirable personal attributes, and the foundational food science and technology knowledge, skills, and competencies required to be an effective food science and/or technology graduate that meets the expectations of stakeholders within the South African context. Comparison with the minimum educational requirements of international food science and technology organizations, including the Institute of Food Technologists 2018 “Standards and Essential Learning Outcomes,” showed considerable overlap with the required graduate capabilities identified in this study. However, it was also shown that within the South African context some additional skills and competencies in food science and technology are required from South African graduates and that existing curricula must be aligned to fully prepare students to be workplace ready. 相似文献
2.
David Agar 《Higher Education》1990,19(4):435-454
A research project which attempts to ascertain student perceptions of the problems they perceive as influences on their chances of academic success at a South African University is described. A questionnaire was used to measure the nature, strength, generality and persistence of perceived problems, as well as to illuminate the qualitative dimension of student perceptions of reasons for their experiencing such problems. The sample of students came from a group of non-traditional (black African, English second-language speakers) students at a University which has traditionally catered for a largely middle-class, white and English home-language speaking student intake. The results of the research project are described within the broader South African context and within the context of an Academic Support Programme which has been designed to assist non-traditional students in a particular University context. The results of the research project are also compared with the results of a similar study which was conducted at the University of Zambia in 1984. 相似文献
3.
Elisabeth Charron 《科学教学研究杂志》1991,28(7):609-618
During recent decades there has been little research on social or cultural factors affecting science education. Recent literature reviews have indicated that of the studies addressing such factors, most focus on broad sociodemographic variables such as socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, and region. There is a need for research that depicts better-differentiated social contexts for science education in their full complexity. Social scientists from several other fields have recently developed a promising model for research in context. Three critical conceptual and methodological strands of the model are discussed, along with their implications for science education research. 相似文献
4.
图书馆学、情报学研究方法的历史沿革 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雷泽勇 《四川教育学院学报》2006,22(11):51-53
文章梳理了国内外图书馆学、情报学研究方法的发展轨迹，从方法论的角度剖析了图书馆学、情报学研究方法的产生、传承、特点和影响。 相似文献
5.
Elizabeth Hewitt 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2017,40(4):345-359
The article is a reflection on the use of an oral diary as a qualitative research tool, the role that it played during fieldwork and the methodological issues that emerged. It draws on a small-scale empirical study into primary school teachers' use of group discussion, during which oral diaries were used to explore and document teacher reflective thinking across time. The paper considers the design of the oral diary tool in this context and how its use created both a window on the developing construction of teachers' ideas about their practice of using group discussion in science and also a space to explore emerging analytical themes. The way in which the regular routine of the oral diary entries helped to make connections between the researcher and the participant and nurture fieldwork relationships is discussed in addition to the limitations of this specific research tool. 相似文献
6.
What are practical and logistical constraints in developing science performance assessments (SPAs)? What are key components in a framework for conceptualizing the process? What are the major steps in SPA development? 相似文献
7.
Methodological considerations for studying science-in-the-making in educational settings 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper we explore the methodological implications of sociocultural approaches for the study of scientific knowledge
and practices. Research in science studies and science education is reviewed with a focus on methodological considerations.
Informed by empirically-based studies of scientific practices from multiple disciplinary perspectives, we describe our perspective
for investigating science education which combines ethnography and discourse analysis. This theoretical position on the discursive
nature of the social construction of school science-in-the-making forms the basis for theoretical and methodological critique
and discussion. We provide a review of the history of nature of science (NOS) research to trace the methodological influence
of Science and Technology Studies in science education. Four methodological issues associated with studying science as cultural
practices are discussed: the local and contingent nature of situated definitions of science; theory dependence and coherence
of research methodologies; attention to the study of school science-in-the-making; and reflexivity. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents some theoretical and methodological considerations associated with the geographical and professional mobility of science professionals, including the conduct by the authors of a large scale survey questionnaire in Poland in 1994. It does not directly relate to research conducted elsewhere in the region, but does reflect selected issues and problems encountered. 相似文献
9.
Douglas A. Roberts Allan M. MacKinnon Margaret E. McCarthy 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(3):227-243
This paper concerns the importance of providing reasons and evidence when making claims as a teacher. Two teaching contexts are explored: a nonacademic science classroom and a clinical supervision setting. An expert teacher is seen at work in a nonacademic science classroom. This is an especially significant context in which to find “task‐reasons” and “science‐reasons” since students rarely appear to have access to reasons for what they do or say in such classrooms. The teacher and a colleague, both experts at clinical analysis of teaching, are observed examining and analysing the teaching. This is the setting for developing “interpretation‐reasons” regarding the conduct and events of teaching. The expert‐expert clinical supervision situation is seen as sharpening the requirement for sound, credible interpretation‐reasons beyond that of the more common expert‐novice interaction. 相似文献
10.
Judith Bennett 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):833-845
This paper reports on aspects of a three-phase study whose aim was to gather information on undergraduates' responses to the study of science. The emphasis of this paper is on methodological issues arising from considerations of how to measure and analyse data on attitudes. The study draws on the methodology employed in an earlier study undertaken in Canada, the Views on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS) study, applying the methodology in a new context. The first two phases involved the development and validation of an appropriate research instrument. The third phase involved using the instrument with students in the first year of study at a South African University. In additional to the quantitative data gathered, the students' responses on the instrument were used to develop in-depth 'profiles' of particular groups of students. This technique proved particularly effective in identifying areas for possible remedial action. 相似文献
11.
This paper draws attention to basic philosophical perspectives which are of theoretical and methodological interest for science education, general education and curriculum research. It focuses on potential contributions philosophy class can offer if philosophy education opens up for science and for a collaboration of teachers in the context of post-compulsory education. A central educational goal is to connect basic philosophical skills with any curricular intellectual practice. This implies the possibility of crossing disciplinary boundaries. Hence, the present paper questions the disciplinary rigidity of education and aims at bridging the artificial gap between teaching philosophy and teaching science in order to enrich the individual school subjects involved. Towards this end, this article sketches out a conceptual framework for the issue of interdisciplinarity with regard to philosophy and science in upper secondary school. This framework takes into account aspects of the nature of science (NOS), history and philosophy of science (HPS) and the critical thinking approach which have significant implications for teaching. It aims to facilitate a basic understanding of the significant positive impact philosophy could have on improving scientific literacy as well as decision-making in general. I set forth methods of cross-curricular teaching which can promote innovation in education as interdisciplinarity already does in research since there is growing appreciation of collaboration and partnership between philosophy and science.
相似文献12.
Menno Wierdsma Kerst Th. Boersma Marie-Christine Knippels Bert van Oers 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(15):2388-2413
In many science education practices, students are expected to develop an understanding of scientific knowledge without being allowed a view of the practices and cultures that have developed and use this knowledge. Therefore, students should be allowed to develop scientific concepts in relation to the contexts in which those concepts are used. Since many concepts are used in a variety of contexts, students need to be able to recontextualise and transfer their understanding of a concept from one context to another. This study aims to develop a learning and teaching strategy for recontextualising cellular respiration. This article focuses on students’ ability to recontextualise cellular respiration. The strategy allowed students to develop their understanding of cellular respiration by exploring its use and meaning in different contexts. A pre- and post-test design was used to test students’ understanding of cellular respiration. The results indicate that while students did develop an acceptable understanding of cellular respiration, they still had difficulty with recontextualising the concept to other contexts. Possible explanations for this ack of understanding are students’ familiarity with the biological object of focus in a context, the manner in which this object is used in a context and students’ understanding of specific elements of cellular respiration during the lessons. Although students did develop an adequate understanding of the concept, they do need more opportunities to practice recontextualising the concept in different contexts. Further research should focus on improving the strategy presented here and developing strategies for other core concepts in science. 相似文献
13.
创业型大学:研究型大学模式的变革与创新 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
创业型大学是一种正在发展的新的大学形式.一些研究型大学在积极回应发展变化的境遇中,从学术型科学共同体走向创业型科学共同体,从学术人文主义转向学术资本主义,从区域创新的边缘者转向主体者,呈现创业型大学的特征.目标链、结构链、过程链、平台链构成的立体化网络式结构是其变革为创业型大学的要件. 相似文献
14.
《Ethnography and Education》2013,8(2):209-220
While the use of ethnographic and qualitative research methods has spread across many fields of educational inquiry, until recently this has had little impact on research in science education. However, there is currently a methodological shift taking place in this area, prompted by the rise of a sociocultural perspective on cognition, which sees knowledge as tied to action, and treats expertise as being defined by relevant communities of practice. There is a close affinity between this perspective and ethnography. In this paper, I discuss a recent ethnographic investigation of primary science expertise guided by this perspective: an in-depth study of the perspective and practice of a single teacher. I focus on some of the problems involved in this study, arising from the divergent orientations of the researcher and the practitioner in the context of their collaboration. These difficulties threatened the completion of the study, but in the end were negotiated successfully. However, they raise important questions about the relationship between ethnographer and informant in the context of ethnographic research. 相似文献
15.
本文主要从一系列研究性教学实习和锻炼中,开展地球科学理论与实践相结合的教学探索。并结合大地学教学特点,组织学生进行了一系列跨学科的科学考察活动,激发了他们对地球科学的兴趣,提高了学生的理论知识背景和实践操作水平,更重要的是初步掌握了科学研究的方法,提升了他们对学科问题的创新能力。对我们今后的教学工作有极大的促进作用。 相似文献
16.
Carmen Martinez-Vargas Melanie Walker Faith Mkwananzi 《Educational Action Research》2020,28(3):427-442
ABSTRACT There is a gap in research on access to universities in South Africa. The research that exists focuses on quantitative methodologies, although some qualitative studies are now emerging. These research methodologies, although necessary and substantial for the development of equity measures and policies, might be less successful in their impact on the local context, on research participants and in expanding what counts as knowledge in the university. In this paper, participatory research, which has not been used to research access, is explored. The paper seeks to go beyond the instrumentalization of research participants – especially those from low-income households – highlighting the potential of using multi-strategy research, in which participatory elements are included as a way to foster both participants’ human development and local impact. Drawing on a research project on access to higher education in South Africa, the paper demonstrates that by including participatory elements (in this case photovoice) has the potential to operationalize Appadurai’s notion of the ‘right to research’ among undergraduates. Using data, including processes, observations, workshops, interviews, and visual narratives from a participatory photovoice project, the findings highlight how methodological plurality creates space for locally and relevant knowledge production, challenging epistemic barriers and fostering human development among the research participants. 相似文献
17.
Frances E. M. Gardner 《Educational Psychology Review》1992,4(2):135-163
This paper reviews recent research on the role of parent-child interaction in the etiology of children's conduct disorder. It examines the role of social and family factors in conduct disorder and the possible mechanisms by which these contextual factors might affect parent-child interaction and child problem behavior. A major focus is on research that has compared the patterns of interaction in families with and without conduct-disordered children, using observational methods, in order to test different theoretical explanations about how conduct disorder develops and is maintained. Further research is needed on the neglected area of positive parent-child interaction, which may be just as important as conflictual processes in determining the development of conduct disorder. Theoretical and methodological issues are raised about the problems of determining causality from correlational research, and the possibilities for naturalistic experimental studies are discussed. 相似文献
18.
当前心理学文化转向研究中的方法论困境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
当前心理学的文化研究在取得一系列丰富学术成果的同时．也暴露出一系列深层次的发展问题。由于无法寻找到一种有效适用的研究心理文化问题的方法工具．其面临的方法论困境异常突出。如怎样正确处理科学与文化之间的关系。如何使科学文化与人文文化研究范式达到视界融合．后现代及全球化社会背景下的心理学文化冲突等,急需加以研究和解决。 相似文献
19.
The goal of this article is threefold: First, the theoretical background for a model-based framework of argumentation to describe
and evaluate argumentative processes in science education is presented. Based on the general model-based perspective in cognitive
science and the philosophy of science, it is proposed to understand arguments as reasons for the appropriateness of a theoretical
model which explains a certain phenomenon. Argumentation is considered to be the process of the critical evaluation of such
a model if necessary in relation to alternative models. Secondly, some methodological details are exemplified for the use
of a model-based analysis in the concrete classroom context. Third, the application of the approach in comparison with other
analytical models will be presented to demonstrate the explicatory power and depth of the model-based perspective. Primarily,
the framework of Toulmin to structurally analyse arguments is contrasted with the approach presented here. It will be demonstrated
how common methodological and theoretical problems in the context of Toulmin’s framework can be overcome through a model-based
perspective. Additionally, a second more complex argumentative sequence will also be analysed according to the invented analytical
scheme to give a broader impression of its potential in practical use. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(4):53-64
Curriculum reform in environmental and science education now taking place in Ghana focuses on the community and ecosystems as the context of education. In Ghana, students conduct science investigations that include games, word searches, crossword puzzles, case studies, role play, debates, projects, and ecological profiles. This curriculum reflects an acknowledgement of the effect of conserving and protecting Ghanaian intergenerational knowledge and skills concerning the natural systems, including those of preserving ceremonies, personal expectations, narratives, beliefs, and values. The authors highlight these efforts to counter notions that Ghanaian education is still developing and to contrast the ideologies of seemingly developed educational landscapes in the United States. The authors argue that educational reform in the United States could benefit from an understanding of environmental and science education in seemingly developing nations. 相似文献