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《体育科技文献通报》1998,(8)
G804.7,G804.34,HL006 9802778模拟赛场噪声对定量负荷时机体激素调节的影响〔HL,中,A〕/翁锡全,邓树勋,林文韬∥第五届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编.-1997.-399(XG)环境∥噪声∥比赛∥负荷∥激素∥神经∥调节∥影响∥运动生物化学∥指标本文着重探讨了赛场噪声暴露对定量负荷时机 相似文献
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对赛场噪声影响平衡木比赛动作稳定性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平衡木比赛对运动员动作稳定性的要求很高。本文通过现场测试与追踪调查,证明赛场噪声是影响平衡木运动员比赛时动作稳定性的重要因素;平衡木运动员必须有的放矢地加强抗噪声干扰的心理训练。 相似文献
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噪声同污染的空气和水一样对人体有危害。在运动比赛中，由于受到噪声的影响，而导致失败的事是屡见不鲜的。本着重讨论噪声时定量负荷体时机体神经机能、激素调节机能以及由此引起的物质能量代谢机能的影响。 相似文献
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腘绳肌损伤是运动员最常见的损伤之一，损伤后极易复发并影响运动表现。运动员团队最关心的问题是能否尽早恢复训练和重返赛场，尽可能减少停训反应，但是盲目地早期运动，不仅加重症状，再次损伤的风险也会升高。本文归纳总结了近年来最新研究成果，建议做好临床、运动功能、心理三方面的评估，达到以下标准方可重返赛场：损伤部位无痛，患肢柔韧性和关节活动范围恢复伤前水平，无疼痛恐惧感，力量达到伤前90%水平；加减速、冲刺、变向、耐力、灵敏度、有氧和无氧等运动专项能力达到伤前90%水平；心理评估分值达到75分以上，恢复重返赛场的信心。 相似文献
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前交叉韧带损伤和手术后重返赛场一直是运动员、教练员、医疗团队、运动队管理者共同关注的问题，重返赛场问题决定着运动员的职业生涯、价值实现和经济收入等，其中的关键问题是“早期”和“安全”。文章阐述了运动员重返赛场过程中“早期”与“安全”两方面的影响因素，对损伤后是否需进行手术治疗，如何早期重返赛场，何时重返赛场更为安全，采用何种重建方式、移植物，以及重返赛场的评判标准等问题进行解答。认为确定重返赛场的时间需要对损伤类型做出准确判断，兼顾运动项目特点，了解术后常规重返时间。从安全角度应该防止前交叉韧带再次损伤，了解对运动员更合适的手术方式、移植物和重返赛场测试指标，在重视康复的同时，不要忽略移植物的生物愈合特性。 相似文献
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研究目的:找出影响排球运动员反应时的因素、提出解决办法,为排球运动员的选拔、培养、训练提供参考依据。研究方法:文献资料法、数理统计法、访谈法等。研究结论:影响排球运动员反应时的主要因素包括疲劳、心理因素、赛场经验、主客场和运动水平。 相似文献
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陕西省足球赛场秩序问题研究--现场球迷及其行为认识的调查 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用问卷调查、逻辑分析等研究方法，时陕西省足球赛场球迷的群体构成、行为表现及其态度进行了研究。结果表明：球迷的行为与其年龄、职业、文化程度及多种社会因素有着密切关系；影响陕西省足球赛场秩序的因素呈多样性，既有各自特点。又相互渗透影响、综合作用。因此，必须加强综合治理。 相似文献
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Frédéric Dierick Anne-France Bouché Mikaël Scohier Clément Guille Fabien Buisseret 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2818-2826
ABSTRACTPrevious research on unstable footwear has suggested that it may induce mechanical noise during walking. The purpose of this study was to explore whether unstable footwear could be considered as a noise-based training gear to exercise body center of mass (CoM) motion during walking. Ground reaction forces were collected among 24 healthy young women walking at speeds between 3 and 6 km h?1 with control running shoes and unstable rocker-bottom shoes. The external mechanical work, the recovery of mechanical energy of the CoM during and within the step cycles, and the phase shift between potential and kinetic energy curves of the CoM were computed. Our findings support the idea that unstable rocker-bottom footwear could serve as a speed-dependent noise-based training gear to exercise CoM motion during walking. At slow speed, it acts as a stochastic resonance or facilitator that reduces external mechanical work; whereas at brisk speed it acts as a constraint that increases external mechanical work and could mimic a downhill slope. 相似文献
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经营性健身俱乐部是全民健身的重要场所之一,但其健身环境令人堪忧。研究运用实地考察与测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对长沙市5所经营性健身俱乐部的室内空气质量与噪声状况进行了深入分析,结果发现普遍存在较为严重的室内空气与噪声污染,主要表现在:甲醛、苯含量超标较为严重;二氧化碳含量过高;营业期间噪声过大。进一步分析发现其成因主要有:室内健身房空气质量与噪声行业标准的缺少;健身俱乐部职业道德与操守的缺失;健身者理性健身知识的缺乏等。对此,提出了一些改善经营性健身房室内空气与噪声污染的对策与措施。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during different periods of two 90-min cycling bouts (the first bout began at 09:00?h and the second bout began at 13:30 h) at 60% maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max) on saliva flow rate and saliva immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to the second exercise bout. The study consisted of three investigations: carbohydrate supplementation during (1) the first hour of the recovery interval (CHO-REC), (2) during the first bout of exercise and (3) during the second bout of exercise. Each investigation included two trials completed in a counterbalanced order and separated by at least 4 days. Participants consumed a lemon-flavoured 10% w/v carbohydrate beverage or placebo (22 ml.kg-1 body mass) in the first hour of the recovery interval (n=8) and 500 ml just before exercise, followed by 250 ml every 20 min during exercise in the first (n=9) and second exercise bouts (n=9). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 10 min before exercise, after 48-50 min of exercise and during the last 2 min of exercise, at 1 h post exercise, 2 h post exercise (first exercise bout only), and 18 h post exercise (second exercise bout only). Venous blood samples were taken 5 min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both exercise bouts in all trials. The main findings of the present study were as follows. First, carbohydrate ingestion during both exercise bouts, but not during the recovery interval, better maintained plasma glucose concentrations and attenuated the increase in plasma adrenaline and cortisol concentrations after the second exercise bout compared with placebo. Second, carbohydrate feeding had no effect on saliva flow rate and sIgA secretion rate compared with placebo. Third, saliva flow rate and sIgA concentration returned to pre-exercise bout 1 values within 2 h in all trials. Fourth, there was no delayed effect of exercise on oral immunity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate ingestion during the first or second bout of exercise, but not during the recovery interval, is likely to better maintain plasma glucose concentrations and attenuate the responses of plasma stress hormones to a second exercise bout than ingestion of fluid alone. Two bouts of 90 min cycling at 60% VO2max on the same day appears to inhibit saliva flow rate during the second exercise bout but does not alter sIgA transcytosis. Our results show that carbohydrate ingestion during any period of two prolonged exercise bouts does not induce different effects on oral immunity compared with placebo. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during different periods of two 90-min cycling bouts (the first bout began at 09:00?h and the second bout began at 13:30?h) at 60% maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) on saliva flow rate and saliva immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to the second exercise bout. The study consisted of three investigations: carbohydrate supplementation during (1) the first hour of the recovery interval (CHO-REC), (2) during the first bout of exercise and (3) during the second bout of exercise. Each investigation included two trials completed in a counterbalanced order and separated by at least 4 days. Participants consumed a lemon-flavoured 10% w/v carbohydrate beverage or placebo (22?ml?·?kg?1 body mass) in the first hour of the recovery interval (n = 8) and 500?ml just before exercise, followed by 250?ml every 20?min during exercise in the first (n = 9) and second exercise bouts (n = 9). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 10?min before exercise, after 48?–?50?min of exercise and during the last 2?min of exercise, at 1?h post exercise, 2?h post exercise (first exercise bout only), and 18?h post exercise (second exercise bout only). Venous blood samples were taken 5?min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both exercise bouts in all trials. The main findings of the present study were as follows. First, carbohydrate ingestion during both exercise bouts, but not during the recovery interval, better maintained plasma glucose concentrations and attenuated the increase in plasma adrenaline and cortisol concentrations after the second exercise bout compared with placebo. Second, carbohydrate feeding had no effect on saliva flow rate and sIgA secretion rate compared with placebo. Third, saliva flow rate and sIgA concentration returned to pre-exercise bout 1 values within 2?h in all trials. Fourth, there was no delayed effect of exercise on oral immunity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate ingestion during the first or second bout of exercise, but not during the recovery interval, is likely to better maintain plasma glucose concentrations and attenuate the responses of plasma stress hormones to a second exercise bout than ingestion of fluid alone. Two bouts of 90?min cycling at 60% [Vdot]O2max on the same day appears to inhibit saliva flow rate during the second exercise bout but does not alter sIgA transcytosis. Our results show that carbohydrate ingestion during any period of two prolonged exercise bouts does not induce different effects on oral immunity compared with placebo. 相似文献
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Nine male triathletes were studied during 160 min of exercise at 65% VO2 max on two occasions to examine the effect of glucose polymer ingestion on energy and fluid balance. During one trial they received 200 ml of a 10% glucose polymer solution at 20 min intervals during exercise (CHO), while in the other they received an equal volume of a sweet placebo (CON). On average, blood glucose levels (CON = 4.2 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1, CHO = 4.8 +/- 0.1, mean +/- S.E.) and respiratory exchange ratios (CON = 0.84 +/- 0.01, CHO = 0.87 +/- 0.01) during exercise were higher (P less than 0.05) as a result of the glucose polymer ingestion. There were no differences between trials, however, in the estimated plasma volume changes during exercise. Exercise time to exhaustion at an intensity corresponding to 110% VO2 max, performed 5 min after the submaximal exercise, was not influenced by glucose polymer ingestion. Relative to a control exercise bout conducted without prior exercise, however, sprint performance and postexercise blood lactate accumulation were impaired in both trials. It is concluded that glucose polymer ingestion maintains blood glucose levels and a high rate of carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise, without compromising fluid balance. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to devise a laboratory-based protocol for a motorized treadmill that was representative of work rates observed during soccer match-play. Selected physiological responses to this soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol were then compared with steady-rate exercise performed at the same average speed. Seven male university soccer players (mean - s : age 24 - 2 years, height 1.78 - 0.1 m, mass 72.2 - 5.0 kg, VO 2max 57.8 - 4 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) completed a 45-min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol on a motorized treadmill. They also completed a continuous steady-rate exercise session for an identical period at the same average speed. The physiological responses to the laboratory-based soccer-specific protocol were similar to values previously observed for soccer match-play (oxygen consumption approximately 68% of maximum, heart rate 168 - 10 beats·min -1 ). No significant differences were observed in oxygen consumption, heart rate, rectal temperature or sweat production rate between the two conditions. Average minute ventilation was greater ( P ? 0.05) in intermittent exercise (81.3 - 0.2l·min -1 ) than steady-rate exercise (72.4 - 11.4l·min -1 ). The rating of perceived exertion for the session as a whole was 15 - 2 during soccer-specific intermittent exercise and 12 - 1 for continuous exercise ( P ? 0.05). The physiological strain associated with the laboratory-based soccer-specific intermittent protocol was similar to that associated with 45 min of soccer match-play, based on the variables measured, indicating the relevance of the simulation as a model of match-play work rates. Soccer-specific intermittent exercise did not increase the demands placed on the aerobic energy systems compared to continuous exercise performed at the same average speed, although the results indicate that anaerobic energy provision is more important during intermittent than during continuous exercise at the same average speed. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to devise a laboratory-based protocol for a motorized treadmill that was representative of work rates observed during soccer match-play. Selected physiological responses to this soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol were then compared with steady-rate exercise performed at the same average speed. Seven male university soccer players (mean +/- s: age 24 +/- 2 years, height 1.78 +/- 0.1 m, mass 72.2 +/- 5.0 kg, VO2max 57.8 +/- 4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) completed a 45-min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol on a motorized treadmill. They also completed a continuous steady-rate exercise session for an identical period at the same average speed. The physiological responses to the laboratory-based soccer-specific protocol were similar to values previously observed for soccer match-play (oxygen consumption approximately 68% of maximum, heart rate 168 +/- 10 beats x min(-1)). No significant differences were observed in oxygen consumption, heart rate, rectal temperature or sweat production rate between the two conditions. Average minute ventilation was greater (P < 0.05) in intermittent exercise (81.3 +/- 0.2 l x min(-1)) than steady-rate exercise (72.4 +/- 11.4 l x min(-1)). The rating of perceived exertion for the session as a whole was 15 +/- 2 during soccer-specific intermittent exercise and 12 +/- 1 for continuous exercise (P < 0.05). The physiological strain associated with the laboratory-based soccer-specific intermittent protocol was similar to that associated with 45 min of soccer match-play, based on the variables measured, indicating the relevance of the simulation as a model of match-play work rates. Soccer-specific intermittent exercise did not increase the demands placed on the aerobic energy systems compared to continuous exercise performed at the same average speed, although the results indicate that anaerobic energy provision is more important during intermittent than during continuous exercise at the same average speed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTExercise at different cadences might serve as potential stimulus for functional adaptations of the brain, because cortical activation is sensitive to frequency of movement. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high (HCT) and low cadence training (LCT) on brain cortical activity during exercise as well as endurance performance.Cyclists were randomly assigned to low and high cadence training. Over the 4-week training period, participants performed 4 h of basic endurance training as well as four additional cadence-specific exercise sessions, 60 min weekly. At baseline and after 4 weeks, participants completed an incremental exercise test with spirometry and exercise at constant load with registration of electroencephalogram (EEG).Compared with LCT, a greater increase of frontal alpha/beta ratio was confirmed in HCT. This was based on a lower level of beta activity during exercise. Both groups showed similar improvements in maximal oxygen consumption and power at the individual anaerobic threshold.Whereas HCT and LCT elicit similar benefits on aerobic performance, cycling at high pedalling frequencies enables participants to perform an exercise bout with less cortical activation. 相似文献