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1.
边界扩展效应指人们记忆中的画面常常比实际画面呈现的内容多,似乎在记忆中,画面的边界扩展了。近20年来关于这方面的研究越来越多,并将其归因于知觉图式假说、错误记忆假说、视觉机制假说,以上假说都有相关实验研究支持,但理论框架仍然存在缺陷。在实验一中证实了边界收缩效应同样可以发生,这样知觉图式假说的激活期望假设就不适合解释边界扩展效应。实验二从注意方面探讨过边界扩展效应发生的原因,考察了认知风格与注意方式对边界扩展效应的影响。研究方法采用的是2×2被试间实验设计,实验结果显示,注意方式的主效应显著,这表明了注意在边界扩展效应中有着很大的影响,当注意方式为中心注意时,边界扩展效应更容易发生,反之注意方式为边界注意时,边界扩展效应不易发生;认知风格的主效应不显著,即认知风格对边界扩展效应无影响;认知风格与注意方式二者无交互作用。  相似文献   

2.
FOK判断是元记忆监测中最有代表性的形式,FOK产生机制的研究是元记忆机制研究的核心。FOK产生机制的早期假说包括痕迹接通机制与推论机制两大类。当今研究者将FOK产生机制发展成为目标提取假说、线索熟悉性假说、可接近性假说与竞争性假说。线索与靶子的联结强度影响FOK判断。  相似文献   

3.
选择性注意理论对多媒体教学的启示   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
一、引言 在现代认知心理学中,注意是信息加工理论框架的中心概念。注意是个体受内外动机的驱使,有选择地指向并集中于一定对象或活动的心理现象。认知心理学特别强调注意的选择性(Selective attention),将注意看作是信息加工的一种内在机制,其基本作用在于对信息进行选择并调节行为。选择性注意理论对于我们运用多媒体手段进行教学信息的处理以及组织教学具有一定的指导作用。 二、几种主要的选择性注意理论 (一)过滤器理论 1.知觉选择模型 这类模型主要包括Broadbent的过滤器模型和Treisman…  相似文献   

4.
广告语中的互文性及其翻译   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王书芳 《考试周刊》2009,(19):99-100
广告文体是一种具有很高商业价值的实用文体,是一种集信息功能和劝说功能为一体的传播形式。本文首先论述了广告语中的互文性现象及三种常见的互文关系,然后研究了一系列中英文广告语和它们分别对应的译文,探讨了互文性在广告语创作和广告语翻译中的运作机制,分别从互文性与联想意义、互文性与注意价值、互文性与记忆价值三个方面阐明了互文性在广告语翻译中的应用价值,并指出互文性概念为广告语翻译的理论和实践研究提供了新思路、新方法。  相似文献   

5.
近二十年,"注意"(noticing)一词在认知心理学和二语习得领域中一直是个颇受争议的研究课题。自从Richard Schmidt提出注意假说(noticing hypothesis)以来,不少研究者通过各种实验设计,试图多方面去验证意识(awareness)在二语习得中所扮演的重要角色。通过分析Schmidt的注意假说的理论框架和相关的实证研究结果,发现由于实验方法的局限性,实证研究的结果很难为注意假说提供直接的证据和有力的支持,文末探讨了该领域研究需要探讨解决的关键问题。  相似文献   

6.
本研究围绕选择性注意策略的模型,在听力过程训练学生使用预测、摄取关键信息、作简单记录等方法。结果证明选择性注意策略对学生的英语听力能力有一定程度的帮助,特别是对中、低英语水平的学生,验证了选择性注意策略的可教性。  相似文献   

7.
文章从认知心理学这一跨学科角度,以工作记忆为基本理论基础,并结合多个认知心理学理论,探讨交传中信息遗忘现象的原因及应对策略。工作记忆分为信息识记、保持、回忆或再认三个运作程序。信息识别时过多采用自下而上方式及注意力不集中会造成遗忘;信息保持容量有限,且信息间相互干扰,可能导致遗忘;回忆或再认时记忆痕迹消失或缺少提示信息,信息提取也会失败。这些问题可以通过选择性注意关键词和逻辑关系、组块和笔记、复述练习和心态调节加以缓解,提高工作记忆。  相似文献   

8.
黄璐 《海外英语》2015,(3):116-118
文章从认知心理学这一跨学科角度,以工作记忆为基本理论基础,并结合多个认知心理学理论,探讨交传中信息遗忘现象的原因及应对策略。工作记忆分为信息识记、保持、回忆或再认三个运作程序。信息识别时过多采用自下而上方式及注意力不集中会造成遗忘;信息保持容量有限,且信息间相互干扰,可能导致遗忘;回忆或再认时记忆痕迹消失或缺少提示信息,信息提取也会失败。这些问题可以通过选择性注意关键词和逻辑关系、组块和笔记、复述练习和心态调节加以缓解,提高工作记忆。  相似文献   

9.
工作记忆的性质和工作机制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对工作记忆概念的理解存在三种观点:结构观、功能观和内容观。持不同观点的研究者对工作记忆和工作机制有不同解释,资源-共享模式认为工作记忆的工作机制是认知空间分配;工作记忆容量的控制性注意观认为工作记忆是依赖于有限资源的注意控制过程;抑制观回避“容量”概念,强调工作记忆机制是克服干扰、排除任务无关信息的过程;任务转换假说认为工作记忆任务执行过程中存在记忆消退现象。这些观点从不同角度揭示了工作记忆的工作机制,既有重叠又有分歧。  相似文献   

10.
我国新的历史时期基础教育高质量发展呼唤校长的价值领导力,本文综合政策研究、文献研究及实践考察结果,提出并验证了新时期我国小学校长领导类型的理论构想。当前我国小学校长领导行为可以分为价值导向、人际导向、行政导向三种类型,其内涵体现出新的时代特征。建议进一步加强价值领导研究,促进价值领导的有效实施;在价值领导框架下,提升校长的人际技能和科学管理水平;慎用权力控制,克服权力依赖。  相似文献   

11.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

12.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

13.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

14.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.  相似文献   

16.
王菲 《华章》2007,(12):273-273
Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.  相似文献   

17.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

18.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

19.
裴水妹 《华章》2007,(11):196
Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.  相似文献   

20.
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