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David Kennedy 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(5):840-866
By presenting a wide range of evidence relating to the social characteristics of directors of Merseyside's professional football clubs, an attempt is made in this article to locate the late-nineteenth-century professional football club within the prevailing power relations of the localities in which they were based. The primary objective of the study is to assess the extent to which professional football clubs were part of a network of civic organizations utilized by the urban middle class as a means of maintaining their social and political cohesion. On the basis of the evidence presented here, it is demonstrated that a significant proportion of directors were involved in influential socio-political organizations on Merseyside. It is concluded that the Merseyside football clubs can be viewed as cultural organizations that were integral to the shaping of civic governance. 相似文献
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近日,职业足球联盟筹备工作再度重启,社会组织开始成为重要力量参与到职业足球的治理体系中,并由此带来了政社关系的转变,标志着我国职业足球治理模式的重构进入了“突变”期。基于跨时间的多人、多轮访谈调研,借鉴治理理论,从政社关系视角对我国职业足球治理模式的历史、现状与发展进行分析。首先,回顾了我国职业足球治理由“政府管控”模式演进为“政府主导、社会协同”模式的发展过程;其次,论述当前我国职业足球的塔状结构治理模式,归纳出职业足球组织间关系交叉、组织内运行机制不够完善2个方面的治理问题,并认为职业足球治理体系中各主体目标不同、改革的顶层设计与执行实施存在差异、社会组织发展较薄弱和发展环境的非均衡等是造成问题的主要原因;最后,针对上述讨论提出我国职业足球“平等—协作”治理模式构想,并从实现条件、实施方式和保障体系3个层面提出其实现路径。 相似文献
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AbstractLocal Non-Governmental Organisations and sports organizations have been recognized as important and well positioned strategic implementing bodies by the ‘Sport for Development and Peace’ (SDP) sector. Whilst they may be experienced and knowledgeable of the historical and local sociocultural landscape, many seek to form transnational partnerships, for the purpose of expanding their capacity, sustainability, and expertise. Rwanda’s history of genocide frames much of its development objectives, and sport has been an integral method for implementing programmes that speak to social impact and reconciliation aims. This paper examines a transnational partnership active in Rwanda, that uses football as a tool to achieve its shared development goals. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda, by volunteering with the organizations as they delivered SDP programmes across the country. In doing so we were able to deconstruct the management and intricacies of this partnership and contextualize the important negotiations, management and style of approach when tackling difficult issues. This paper contributes to both expanding our knowledge of transnational partnerships and provides unique commentary that aligns the complexities of engaging with local populations in post-genocide Rwanda with ‘Sport for Social Development’ programming. 相似文献
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分析我国职业足球俱乐部组织结构的发展历程、现状以及与国外职业足球俱乐部组织结构设计的差异,发现我国职业足球俱乐部的组织结构设计不断发展,以战绩为核心的组织结构设计特征明显,忽视了经营开发和公共关系管理。通过研究,建议我国职业足球俱乐部采用扁平化的组织结构设计、依托母公司管理资源完善业务部门设置,最后从根本上提出了新的组织结构设计模型。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(5):992-1004
Increasingly, globalization and the adoption of a market economy have made innovation fundamental for the success of professional sport organizations. Yet oligarchical league structures, isomorphic and hyper-traditional cultures, and hierarchical organizational structures can enhance or hinder organizational creativity, the beginning stage of the innovation process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the antecedents of organizational creativity in professional sport organizations. Perception of organizational creativity is theorized to be influenced by employee creativity, work environment, and the social interactions of employees. The results, based on a survey of three professional sport organizations’ front offices, indicated perceptions of a work environment with a clear vision and better work processes were associated with greater perceptions of organizational creativity. The lack of relationships between many of the factors theorized to influence organizational creativity, such as an employee’s advice network, could indicate the sport industry is unique in creativity management. This study is the beginning in understanding the first step of innovation, and the processes that influence employees’ perceptions regarding the ways in which their work environment relate to organizational creativity. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to understand how professional sport organizations might influence consumer voluntary behavior through their corporate social marketing (CSM) initiatives by focusing on the role of corporate credibility. The study examined consumer responses to environmental initiatives by two professional sport teams, and showed that organizational and program characteristics were associated with the corporate credibility of the teams in supporting environmental protection (i.e., environmental credibility). Environmental credibility, in turn, was found to have a positive association with consumer pro-environmental behavior measured by daily recycling involvement and recycling intentions during the teams’ home games. The results further revealed that environmental credibility was more strongly associated with recycling intentions during games for respondents who were less involved in environmental issues. Together, these findings suggest that professional sport organizations can be an effective vehicle for socially beneficial behavior by increasing their credibility in CSM involvement. 相似文献
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职业足球运动本质上是市场经济的商业行为，职业足球主要利益主体是处于法律平等地位的职业足球俱乐部、球员、行业管理协会等社会组织团体和自然人主体。在我国，职业足球俱乐部与球员之间是劳动合同的法律关系；职业足球俱乐部之间是合伙型联营的法律关系；职业足球俱乐部与足球协会之间既可能表现为平等主体之间的民事法律关系，又可能是不平等主体之间的行政管理关系。 相似文献
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David Kennedy 《Sport in Society》2015,18(4):497-513
This study highlights the efforts of grass-roots, not-for-profit football clubs to create a sustainable game that, at the elite level, has become decoupled from the local communities most originated from. Examples are offered of clubs specifically set up in response to what are seen as unacceptable levels of infringement by the market into football, and of clubs that have been specifically set up as part of a wider organizational resistance to the ravages of neoliberalism. Fundamentally, the task here is to contextualize these clubs in relation to their various points of resistance and involvement in the dynamics of commodification and decommodification and within this context to provide conclusions regarding the meaning and significance of these organizations. Thus located, it is argued that elements of the grass-roots game form part of an alternative social relation irreconcilable with the current social system that views us as passive consumers of the commodities it produces; a social relation which creates the possibility of a non-alienating system for the provision of our needs operating via a network of enterprises outside of the laws of the market. 相似文献
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While sport management scholars have explored inter-organizational partnerships and their associated challenges, they have devoted less attention to inter-organizational partnership development and sustainability in sport for development and peace (SDP), particularly across a wide range of organizations with varied missions and foci. Hence, the purpose of this qualitative study was to examine challenges faced by SDP organizations when forming and sustaining inter-organizational partnerships across contexts and partnership types, and to uncover strategies they have employed to overcome these challenges. Common challenges encountered across 29 SDP organizations included competition for resources, skepticism of sport as a development tool, unequal power relations, misaligned goals and mission drift, and implementation issues. Strategies included focusing on building relationships and networks, demonstrating benefits to partner, starting small then diversifying, keeping focused on mission and goals, involving partner, and treating the partnership as a business relationship. Theoretical extensions and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research. 相似文献
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从历史演进视角对日本足球归化运动员进行研究,将归化演进历程分为业余足球主导期、职业足球改革探索期、职业足球稳定发展期3个阶段。归化运作逻辑体现:以技术足球理念为基准,合理实施归化行为;以填补位置短板为目的,提高国家队竞技水平;以保障职业角色转换为举措,营造良性发展氛围;以规避资源挤占矛盾为导向,逐步改变归化价值取向。启示:我国应厘清主体责任和发展理念,做好归化顶层设计;正视国家归化需求,消解文化融合与社会认同障碍;建立长效服务机制,扩大归化行为示范效应;把握足球运动规律,构建可持续发展模式。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(4):657-670
The purpose of this study was to examine antecedents and outcomes of social innovation in a global sample of sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations. Specifically, the authors used multiple regression analysis and parallel mediation analysis to test the relationships between innovation capacity, three types of social innovation, and organizational performance. An electronic survey was distributed to 817 SDP organizations. Results indicated five dimensions of innovation capacity explain a significant amount of variance in all three types of social innovation practices by SDP organizations when controlling for geographical location of agencies, where an organization’s founders were from, program location, organizational age, and organizational size. An additional regression analysis indicated two of three types of social innovation were also significant predictors of organizational performance. A parallel mediation analysis revealed the relationship between capacity and organizational performance was partially mediated by social innovation, specifically by program-focused social innovations. The findings from this study provide a foundation for funders and practitioners to identify organizational practices needed for facilitating different types of social innovations in SDP. 相似文献
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英国作为现代足球的发源地，一直是世界足球强国。英超联盟是英国足球产业的中流砥柱，在英国体育事业中发挥着举足轻重的作用。通过对英超联盟的组织结构、产权框架与经营手段的研究，反思中国职业足球存在的“管办不分”“产权不清”以及“管理混乱”等问题，体现在中超联赛上就是组织结构的不完善与商业开发能力的严重不足。为了解决这些问题，结合中国自身实际，提出从加强联赛理事会建设与促进中超公司发展这两个角度寻找一条适合中国足球发展的道路。 相似文献
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研究以品牌关系质量理论和消费行为理论作为逻辑起点,通过社会网络分析法(SNA)发现男性球迷和女性球迷在参与职业足球赛事品牌消费时的消费行为存在意向差异,在沿着女性球迷社会角色和文化特征为主线的情况下,整理女性球迷参与下的品牌关系质量特征,将职业足球赛事品牌关系质量划分为满意、信任、承诺3个方面,并运用路径分析构建并验证女性球迷参与下的职业足球赛事品牌关系质量与口碑传播意向间的路径关系,以探究女性球迷参与职业足球赛事品牌消费的行为意向特点。结果表明,女性球迷更倾向于通过口碑接收和传播来表达她们对赛事品牌的参与意向,并且女性球迷在职业足球赛事品牌关系中的品牌满意是影响女性球迷口碑传播意愿的关键因素。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2019,22(4):540-552
The purpose of this study was to examine how innovative SDP organizations’ interactions with external stakeholders influence the social innovation process. Innovation represents the implementation of new or improved ways to promote social change. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 48 SDP leaders representing organizations located across six continents. Innovative SDP agencies engaged in numerous non-financial relationships with a strong emphasis on collective learning, a shared willingness to spread the risk of innovation across organizational boundaries, and a reciprocal process for co-creating new and improved solutions for how sport can be used better to promote positive social change. Social innovation in the context of SDP emerged across different levels (intra-, inter-, and extra-group) from a collective and interactive process between SDP organizations and external stakeholders. Their innovation activities included identifying opportunities and generating ideas for implementing new practices and scaling creative solutions. This study extends the existing SDP literature and underscores the need to adopt a more specific external perspective when examining the process of innovation in sport organizations. 相似文献
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该文采用逻辑分析法和文献资料法来进行社会足球青训机构教练员能力因素的研究。社会足球青训机构教练员是足球教练员这个群体中的一个分类,随着草根足球和校园足球在中国的不断发展,社会足球青训机构教练员的数量正在不断增加。现阶段,社会足球青训机构教练员是绝大部分青少年的“足球启蒙教练”,因此对其能力因素的研究十分重要。该文以社会足球青训机构教练员为研究对象,研究了其指导运动训练能力、临场指挥比赛能力、团队管理能力和影响能力的综合因素。通过研究发现社会足球青训机构教练员需要各种能力,但最为重要的是指导运动训练的能力。 相似文献
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中国足球俱乐部经营提升的策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对中国足球宏观环境中经济、人口、社会文化三个因素的剖析,结合中国职业足球俱乐部的经营现状,发现中国足球俱乐部面临经营资金不足、赢利模式单一,俱乐部产权、组织结构不明晰,高水平经营管理缺失,俱乐部品牌经营观念淡薄等现实问题.在此基础上提出中国足球俱乐部应在经营上拓宽筹资渠道、完善赢利模式,引进培养高级经营管理人才,树立品牌意识、塑造品牌内涵,成为真正符合国际足球运动发展趋势的独立企业. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the role of a local sports club in shaping the lives of British African-Caribbean males in one British city over a 40-year period. The paper describes how the ‘Meadebrook Cavaliers’ has transitioned from its origins as an East Midlands parks-based football team in 1970 to a successful senior-level local football club by the early 1980s, before finally achieving a further social and financial organizational complexity in its charitable status, attained in 2009. Attention is paid specifically to the social formation of this largely masculine ‘black’ sport space over time and on how, and in what ways, these developments in local sport in one club in one British city are also intimately connected to wider social, economic and political developments in the UK. In doing so, the paper demonstrates, both theoretically and empirically, how the emergence of ‘black’ local football resonates with social change around ‘race’ politics in Britain during the period 1970–2010. By the same token, this mainly black male sporting space continues to reflect and influence change in the wider political, social and sporting terrains within which the club has been located – and within the dynamic black African-Caribbean communities which constitute it. 相似文献
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AbstractIn 1994, a wave of professionalization began to sweep over Chinese football, beginning a new chapter in China’s sporting development. There have been some gratifying achievements in the past 23 years; meanwhile, some problems have been exposed and should not be ignored. The most prominent are football fraud, unfair refereeing and corruption, and as such the regulation of professional football has become an increasingly pressing issue. Through literature review and logical analysis, this research starts with a discussion of football fraud, unfair refereeing, and corruption in the development of Chinese football professionalization, then analyzes the causes of these problems, and finally puts forward some measures for the future regulation construction of Chinese professional football, through learning from the lessons of some developed countries. It is believed that establishing sound rules and regulations and independent sports arbitration organizations, taking strict scrutiny and severe punishment measures, improving accuracy and authority in football rulings, as well as cultivating and reinforcing awareness of rule of law, are the way forward for Chinese professional football. This research also maps out a vision for the future of Chinese professional football: non-political associations, systematic football legislation, independent supervisory organizations, and professional practitioners. 相似文献