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1.
Katrien Fransen Norbert Vanbeselaere Vasileios Exadaktylos Gert Vande Broek Bert De Cuyper Daniel Berckmans 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):641-649
Abstract Collective efficacy can be defined as a group's shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal. We examined which behaviours and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in a volleyball context. In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n = 33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting in a 40-item questionnaire. In Study 2, coaches and players from all levels of volleyball in Belgium (n = 2365) rated each of these sources on their predictive value for collective efficacy. A principal component analysis revealed that the 40 sources could be divided into eight internally consistent factors. Positive supportive communication (e.g. enthusiasm after making a point) was identified as the factor most predictive for positive collective efficacy beliefs. The factor referring to the negative emotional reactions of players (e.g. discouraging body language) was the most predictive for negative collective efficacy beliefs. These findings offer a starting point for the design of continuous measurements of collective efficacy through observation. 相似文献
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Cañal-Bruland R Mooren M Savelsbergh GJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):667-674
In this study, we examined how perceptual-motor expertise and watching experience contribute to anticipating the outcome of opponents' attacking actions in beach volleyball. To this end, we invited 8 expert beach volleyball players, 8 expert coaches, 8 expert referees, and 8 control participants with no beach volleyball experience to watch videos of attack sequences that were occluded at three different times and to predict the outcome of these situations. Results showed that expert players and coaches (who were both perceptual-motor experts) outperformed the expert referees (who were watching experts but did not have the same motor expertise) and the control group in the latest occlusion condition (i.e., at spiker-ball contact). This finding suggests that perceptual-motor expertise may contribute to successful action anticipation in beach volleyball. 相似文献
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依据体育测量与评价的有关理论和排球运动员比赛中技术运用情况,设计出较为科学合理、简便易行和操控性强的少年男子排球运动员脚步移动综合测试方法。以现代运动训练控制理论为指导,依据少年的生理解剖特点,从影响脚步移动的有关身体素质入手进行定量分析,探讨其影响效应强度序列,遴选与确定检查性测验项目体系,构建动态数字模拟模型,以及训练水平的评定标准体系,为教练员进行前瞻性训练目标分析与决策,实施专项脚步移动能力的模式训练,科学调控快速脚步移动训练过程与纠偏,提供了数字化的模式参考依据。 相似文献
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Rouwen Cañal-Bruland Merel Mooren Geert J. P. Savelsbergh 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):667-674
In this study, we examined how perceptual-motor expertise and watching experience contribute to anticipating the outcome of opponents' attacking actions in beach volleyball. To this end, we invited 8 expert beach volleyball players, 8 expert coaches, 8 expert referees, and 8 control participants with no beach volleyball experience to watch videos of attack sequences that were occluded at three different times and to predict the outcome of these situations. Results showed that expert players and coaches (who were both perceptual-motor experts) outperformed the expert referees (who were watching experts but did not have the same motor expertise) and the control group in the latest occlusion condition (i.e., at spiker-ball contact). This finding suggests that perceptual-motor expertise may contribute to successful action anticipation in beach volleyball. 相似文献
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在近二十年文献资料的基础上,综合、分析了心理学、运动心理学、社会心理学、人格心理学等领域有关人格、领导行为的研究成果,详细查阅、借鉴和记录了有关运动员、教练员在人格特征、执教效能方面的科研成果,旨在帮助我国排球教练员了解自身,提高从业水平,为排球教练员队伍的建设提供理论和实践依据。 相似文献
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The Olympic environment has been identified as particularly stressful and unlike any other in terms of the media attention and focus placed on the competition. While the potential negative consequences of stress for coaches and their athletes have been explored, relatively little is known about the factors underpinning successful Olympic coaching performance. We explored elite coaches' perceptions of the factors that enable them to coach in a stressful Olympic environment. Eight coaches from one of Great Britain's most successful Olympic teams (i.e. consistent medal winners in the previous three Olympics) were interviewed. Inductive content analysis indicated that psychological attributes (e.g. emotional control), preparation (e.g. strategic approach), and coping at the event (e.g. team support) were factors that coaches perceived as important for successful Olympic coaching. In addition, coaches offered specific suggestions for training and development. Key themes included coach interaction (e.g. mentoring, formalizing contact) and simulating Olympic pressure. These findings offer suggestions for the education of developing coaches on the pathway to elite sports coaching. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether theoretically relevant sources of coaching efficacy could predict the measures derived from the Coaching Efficacy Scale II-High School Teams (CES II-HST). Data were collected from head coaches of high school teams in the United States (N=799). The analytic framework was a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis with ordered-categorical indicators and observed covariates. Applying this framework to the conceptual model of coaching efficacy (CMCE) resulted in a statistical model equivalent to a multiple-group multivariate regression with latent outcomes. Results provided evidence for the ability of measures derived from the CES II-HST to be predicted by theoretically relevant sources of coaching efficacy and suggested modifications to the CMCE. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):38-53
In the last decade, collective efficacy has received increasing attention in the sport psychology literature. However, despite considerable focus on the antecedents and consequences of the construct (e.g., Magyar, Feltz, & Simpson, 2004), no research has considered the specific neuropsychological mechanisms that underpin the levels of collective efficacy perceived by individuals within sports teams. In this respect, neuroscience research outside sport psychology has identified cortical structures linked to socio-cognitive thought processes (e.g., Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolati, 2004). Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide evidence for potential neurological processes that underpin collective efficacy perceptions. Specifically, we discuss these processes in relation to how collective efficacy is conceptualized, measured, and analyzed. We then discuss pertinent neuroscience research that indicates both imagery and observation based interventions are suitable for increasing individual collective efficacy perceptions. Finally, based on the neuroscience mechanisms discussed, future directions for research are suggested that aim to increase our understanding of the nature and influence of collective efficacy perceptions upon individual and team behavior. 相似文献
9.
The first purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships among three forms of relational efficacy within performing dyads, namely, self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy. The second objective was to examine the relationships between these efficacy beliefs and athletes' perceptions of their commitment to and satisfaction with their current partnership. Participants were 120 junior tennis players (age, M = 14.30 years, SD = 1.21) performing within 60 intact pairs (i.e., doubles). Results revealed that self-efficacy and other-efficacy were predictive of athlete commitment and satisfaction, respectively. In addition, by utilizing actor-partner interdependence models, partner as well as actor effects were evident. The findings illustrate that relational efficacy beliefs may not only have implications for the individual holding such beliefs, but also for his or her relational partner. Implications for the future study of efficacy beliefs within dyadic contexts are discussed. 相似文献
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研究目的构建我国“三大球”项目运动队教练员服务型领导行为的结构,并对测量量表的信效度进行检验,形成我国教练员服务型领导行为的测量工具。研究样本以WCBA球队、大学高水平足球队和排球队、进入全国分赛区的CUBA联赛、CUBS联赛球队的运动员与教练员为样本来源。研究方法访谈调查法、量表法。数据主要通过探索性因子分析、验证性性因子分析、Cronbach系数等统计方法进行处理。研究结果教练员服务型领导行为量表包括愿景、服务、授权3个维度共计12个条目,总体量表的Cronbachα系数为0.867。量表的信效度符合心理测量学的要求,可作为我国“三大球”项目运动队教练员服务型领导行为测量的有效可靠工具。 相似文献
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采用LSS量表对参加2010年广西大学生排球联赛的教练员和运动员进行纸笔式问卷调查,了解广西高校业余排球队教练员的领导行为现状,探讨不同特征的排球运动员在期望教练员领导行为上的差异,为提高基层业余队的训练效率提供参考依据。 相似文献
12.
Using social identity perspective, we investigated the experiences of 13 lesbian college coaches. Through semistructured interviews, the coaches revealed the daily identity tensions they experienced. There was constant negotiation between their social identities of "coach" and "lesbian." The social context of intercollegiate women's athletics created a complex web that juxtaposed these identities against commanding social norms. The challenges these coaches faced ranged from doing what they believed was best for the well being of their athletes (e.g., fighting homonegativism) versus what was best for their professional well being (e.g., remaining silent). These coaches did not passively accept their fate; while they struggled with identity negotiation, they also found ways to counter the heterosexist atmosphere and create positive social change. 相似文献
13.
《天津体育学院学报》专题稿约 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过文献资料、问卷调查、访问调查等方法对我国职业排球俱乐部的教练员情况进行了调查分析。结果表明:1)我国职业排球俱乐部主教练的平均年龄为44.8岁,其中50岁以下的人数占到75%;2)我国职业排球俱乐部的教练员的学历水平整体偏低;3)实行职业俱乐部制以后,教练员的收入水平有了一定程度的提高,占到被调查人数的70.8%;4)我国24支职业排球俱乐部教练员班子都是以主教练和助理教练的形式组成。文章对其中存在问题进行了分析并提出解决对策。 相似文献
14.
我国职业排球俱乐部教练员现状调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目标定向是描述一个人在体育活动中采用何种动机模式的一种理论,该理论将个体的目标定向分为两种,即任务定向和自我定向。目标定向的不同主要依赖于个体对能力来源的认识不同,任务定向的个体主要认为运动能力是后天的,而自我定向的个体主要认为运动能力是先天的。不同目标定向的个体在参与体育活动的目的认识上有很大不同。本研究的目的是比较不同性别的大学生在体育活动目的认识上的差异,以及目标定向与体育活动目的的关系。1研究对象与研究方法1.1研究对象本研究以236名大学一、二年级学生为调查对象,其中男生为141人,女生为95人,平均年龄… 相似文献
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Amorose AJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(1):60-70
This study examined the reflected appraisal process with college athletes (N = 325). Specifically, the study tested (a) the relative influence of the reflected appraisals of mothers, fathers, coaches, and teammates (i.e., how athletes perceive these others view their ability) on athletes' self-perceptions of competence, and (b) whether the importance placed on these significant others as sources of competence information moderated the relationship. Based on a factor analysis, composite variables were formed representing the reflected appraisals of the athletes' parents (i.e., father, mother) and the reflected appraisals of sport-others (i.e., coach, teammates). Regression analyses revealed that the reflected appraisals of parents (beta = .21) and sport-others (beta = .55) predicted self-perceptions of competence (p < .05, R2 = .45). Follow-up analyses determined that the reflected appraisal of sport-others was a significantly stronger predictor. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the interaction of reflected appraisals and the importance of significant others did not significantly add to the prediction of self-perceptions of competence (p > .05, deltaR2 = .01) beyond the independent effects of these constructs. Results are discussed in terms of the reflected appraisal process and the influence of significant others on athletes' self-perceptions. 相似文献
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This paper explores the approaches adopted by high-level field athletics coaches when attempting to refine an athlete’s already well-established technique (long and triple jump and javelin throwing). Six coaches, who had all coached multiple athletes to multiple major championships, took part in semi-structured interviews focused upon a recent example of technique refinement. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis. The coaching tools reported were generally consistent with those advised by the existing literature, focusing on attaining “buy-in”, utilising part-practice, restoring movement automaticity and securing performance under pressure. Five of the six coaches reported using a systematic sequence of stages to implement the refinement, although the number and content of these stages varied between them. Notably, however, there were no formal sources of knowledge (e.g., coach education or training) provided to inform coaches’ decision making. Instead, coaches’ decisions were largely based on experience both within and outside the sporting domain. Data offer a useful stimulus for reflection amongst sport practitioners confronted by the problem of technique refinement. Certainly the limited awareness of existing guidelines on technique refinement expressed by the coaches emphasises a need for further collaborative work by researchers and coach educators to disseminate best practice. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine organizational treatment discrimination (i.e., when members of a group receive fewer rewards, opportunities, or resources than they legitimately deserve based on job-related criteria) in the context of women's athletics. Data were collected from 170 assistant coaches of women's teams (i.e., women's basketball, softball, track, volleyball, soccer, and tennis). Results indicate that women's perceived work experiences and outcomes were comparable, and sometimes better, than those of men. We present competing explanations for this finding. First, it is possible that these women were not subjected to treatment discrimination. Alternatively, it is possible that this demonstrates the existence of the "paradox of the contented working woman." Additional analyses indicate that work experiences explained a large portion of the variance in organizational commitment and turnover intentions, thereby demonstrating their importance in the workplace. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to examine knowledge and perceptions of applied sport psychology within English soccer. National coaches (n = 8), youth academy directors (n = 21) and academy coaches (n = 27) were surveyed using questionnaire and interview methods. Questionnaire results revealed a lack of knowledge of sport psychology that appeared to underpin some of the most significant barriers to entry for sport psychologists. These included lack of clarity concerning the services of a sport psychologist, problems fitting in and players' negative perceptions of sport psychology. Overall, however, lack of finance was the highest rated barrier. Six barrier dimensions emerged from the interview data: negative perceptions of psychology, lack of sport psychology knowledge, integrating with players and coaching staff, role and service clarity, practical constraints, and perceived value of sport psychology. These findings were broadly compatible with the survey data, with finance emerging as a major barrier and misconceptions of sport psychology being common. Our conclusions are discussed in relation to the practical implications of the study for both applied research and the provision of sport psychology services within English soccer. 相似文献