共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 764 毫秒
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Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz Enrique Navarro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1004-1012
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect that the presence of two stimuli that require two different responses (dual-attention) has both, on offensive reaction-response time to a light stimulus, and on defensive response time when the stimulus is a real fencing attack. Twenty-five elite fencers and a fencing master were included in the study. The equipment included four force plates adapted to a scaffold that served as a fencing piste. Two force plates were placed, at the start position, under the fencer’s feet and another two plates were placed under the master’s feet. The results demonstrate that choice reaction time to visual stimuli increases in dual-task conditions with respect to simple reaction time, whereas the mean horizontal force tends to decrease in dual-task. However, when the stimulus was an opponent’s movement, dual-task conditions did not have any effect on the time required to initiate a defensive action. The changes in reaction time when real movements were used as stimuli challenge the validity of the reaction time to visual stimuli paradigm as a predictor of performance in fencing. Also, the results obtained demonstrate that perceptual and attentional processes play a major role in fencer performance in real competition. 相似文献
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Marcos Gutiérrez-Dávila Matteo Caletti Raquel Antonio Enrique Navarro 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1100-1107
Abstract The aim of this study was to test the effect that changing targets during a simple long lunge attack in fencing exerts on the temporal parameters of the reaction response, the execution speed, and the precision and the coordination of the movement pattern. Thirty fencers with more than 10 years of experience participated in this study. Two force platforms were used to record the horizontal components of the reaction forces and thereby to determine the beginning of the movement. A three-dimensional (3D) system recorded the spatial positions of the 9 markers situated on the fencer plus the epee, while a moving target was projected on a screen, enabling the control of the target change. The results indicated that when a target change is provoked the reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and the time used in the acceleration phase of the centre of mass (CM) increases significantly with respect to the attack executed with a straight thrust. The speed and horizontal distance reached by the CM at the end of the acceleration phase (VX(CM) and SX(CM), respectively) significantly decreased, while the errors increased. However, the temporal sequence of the movement pattern did not appreciably change. 相似文献
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Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz F. Javier Rojas Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):651-657
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of stimulus change timing on reaction response time parameters, horizontal velocity of the centre of mass (CM) and precision during offensive actions in fencing. Twelve fencers from the Spanish National Foil Team were included in the study. Two 500 Hz force plates were used to register the horizontal component of the reaction force while a 3D video camera set at 250 Hz recorded the spatial position of 11 body markers and a projector connected to a programmed stopwatch projected a moving target (stimulus) on a screen. When the circle (target) appeared in the centre of the plastron, fencers had to execute a step-forward-lunge as fast as possible, trying to touch the circle with the tip of the foil. During the lunge, the position of the target could randomly shift or not to three different positions. The stimulus change was performed randomly at four different times with a progressive delay. The results show that target changes did not have any effect when they occurred at the beginning of the movement sequence. However, when the target change was delayed, reaction and movement times increased and the technical execution of the lunge changed, leading to more errors. 相似文献
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For fencing, speed of the lunge is considered critical to success. The aim of this study is to investigate determinants of lunge speed based on biomechanics. Ground reaction force (GRF) and three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from 7 elite fencers and 12 intermediate-level fencers performing maximum-effort lunges. The results showed that elite fencers acquired a higher horizontal peak velocity of the centre of gravity (HPV) and concomitantly a higher horizontal peak GRF exerted by rear leg (PGRF) than intermediate-level fencers (P?P?P?P?≤?.05). Our findings suggest that training aimed at enhancing strength and power of rear knee extensors is important for fencers to improve speed of the lunge. Also, increasing the extension of rear knee during the lunge, at the same time decreasing the flexion of the forward knee before extension are positive for lunge performance. 相似文献
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This study investigated the impact that mouth rinsing carbohydrate solution has on skill-specific performance and reaction time following a fatigue-inducing bout of fencing in epee fencers. Nine healthy, national-level epee fencers visited a laboratory on two occasions, separated by a minimum of five days, to complete a 1-minute lunge test and Stroop test pre- and post-fatigue. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during completion of the fatiguing protocol. Between fights the participant’s mouth rinsed for 10?seconds, either 25?ml of 6.7% maltodextrin solution (MALT) or water (PLAC). Blood lactate and glucose were recorded at baseline, pre- and post-testing. Results showed an increase in heart rate and overall RPE over time in both conditions. There were no differences in blood glucose (F(1,8)?=?.63, P?=?.4, ηp?=?.07) or blood lactate levels (F(1,8)?=?.12, P?=?.70, ηp?=?.01) between conditions as a function of time. There was a significant improvement in lunge test accuracy during the MALT trial (F(1,8)?=?5.21, P?=?.05, ηp?=?.40) with an increase from pre (81.2?±?8.3%) to post (87.6?±?9.4%), whereas there was no significant change during the placebo (pre 82.1?±?8.8%, post 78.8?±?6.4%). There were no recorded differences between conditions in response time to congruent (F(1,8)?=?.33, P?=?.58, ηp?=?.04) or incongruent stimuli (F(1,8)?=?.19, P?=?.68, ηp?=?.02). The study indicates that when fatigued mouth rinsing MALT significantly improves accuracy of skill-specific fencing performance but no corresponding influence on reaction time was observed. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):364-371
Abstract The aim of the present work is to examine the differences between two groups of fencers with different levels of competition, elite and medium level. The timing parameters of the response reaction have been compared together with the kinetic variables which determine the sequence of segmented participation used during the lunge with a change in target during movement. A total of 30 male sword fencers participated, 13 elite and 17 medium level. Two force platforms recorded the horizontal component of the force and the start of the movement. One system filmed the movement in 3D, recording the spatial positions of 11 markers, while another system projected a mobile target over a screen. For synchronisation, an electronic signal enabled all the systems to be started simultaneously. Among the timing parameters of the reaction response, the choice reaction time (CRT) to the target change during the lunge was measured. The results revealed differences between the groups regarding the flight time, horizontal velocity at the end of the acceleration phase, and the length of the lunge, these being higher for the elite group, as well as other variables related to the temporal sequence of movement. No significant differences have been found in the simple reaction time or in CRT. According to the literature, the CRT appears to improve with sports practice, although this factor did not differentiate the elite from medium-level fencers. The coordination of fencing movements, that is, the right technique, constitutes a factor that differentiates elite fencers from medium-level ones. 相似文献
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Abstract Thirty national level female fencers were studied with the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Edwards Personal Preference Study to determine if there were distinct personality traits characteristic of champion level female fencers and if there was any correlation between personality traits and level of achievement in the 1968 National Championship. A definite fencer's personality emerged when they were compared with the national norms. In general, the competitive fencer may he described as a very reserved, self-sufficient, autonomous individual with a below-average desire for affiliation and nurturance. She has a strong need to be the very best and is an intelligent, creative, experimenting, and imaginative person. She also tends to be assertive and aggressive. An analysis of variance revealed that only one personality factor would differentiate levels of achievement. The top level competitor was significantly more dominating than the low level competitor. 相似文献
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Jonathan Sinclair Katrina Taylor Andrew Greenhalgh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):65-71
Fencing is a high-intensity sport involving dynamic movements such as the lunge exposing the musculoskeletal system to high impact forces, which emphasises the importance of the shock attenuating properties of footwear as a factor in the prevention of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitudes of the transient axial impact shock experienced at the tibia between traditional fencing shoes and standard athletic footwear during the impact phase of the fencing lunge. Peak tibial shock was measured in 19 male fencers in 4 different footwear conditions using an accelerometer placed on the distal aspect of the tibia. The standard footwear (11.08 g and 8.75 g for squash and running shoe, respectively) resulted in significant (p < 0.01) reductions in peak impact shock in comparison to the traditional fencing shoes (15.93 g and 13.97 g for the Adidas and Hi-Tec shoe, respectively). No significant differences were found between the running and squash shoes (p = 0.09) or between the fencing shoes (p = 0.48). The documented reduction in impact shock found suggests that running or squash specific footwear may reduce overuse injury occurrence, indicating that there is justification for a re-design of fencing shoes. 相似文献
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击剑运动员个性化心理能力指标建构及监控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以认知心理学理论为指导,以击剑运动项目特征为切入点,在对国家击剑队进行科技攻关服务、专家问卷调查的基础上,运用心理技能训练、心理测量方法,对高水平击剑运动员个性化心理能力构成因素及监控效果进行探讨。结果表明,构成击剑运动员个性化心理控制能力的指标是注意转换能力、竞技控制能力和应对困境能力。根据所构建个性化心理指标,结合击剑技、战术特点的专项辅助训练能有效地促进击剑运动员个性化注意转换能力的提高;对击剑运动员实施的关键分模拟训练及各种针对个性化模拟训练能有效地提高击剑运动员比赛适应能力,从而促进了其竞技心理能力的提高;应对策略训练能较好地提高击剑运动员逆境的合理应对能力,从而促进运动员最佳竞技心理状态的形成。 相似文献
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Brian E. Udermann John M. Mayer Steven R. Murray 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):434-437
Abstract One hundred and eighteen national collegiate fencers engaged in the first round competition in the 28th annual NCAA Fencing Championships held at the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Campus. After the first day of competition, the field size was reduced to 72 fencers or 24 fencers per weapon. Through the use of a unique scoring device, response times and accuracy measurements were recorded for each fencer. The fencers then engaged in their respective round robin tournament according to class of weapon; epee, sabre, or foil. Two criterion measures of fencing success were then correlated with response times and accuracies. Correlation coefficients for sabre fencemen were slightly better than 0. Criterion measures for epee fencers showed a low relationship with response time and accuracies while those of foil showed a slight to fair relationship. 相似文献
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击剑运动员心理控制能力的指标构建及训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以认知心理学理论和运动控制理论为基础,根据击剑运动项目特点,运用文献资料调研和理论分析等方法对击剑运动员心理控制能力的构建及训练进行了分析与讨论,认为击剑运动员的剑感、距离感和时机感是制胜的关键,而速度素质在现代训练中占有重要地位。击剑运动员心理控制能力的构建、评定和训练是运动员取得优异成绩的重要保证。 相似文献
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采用脑象图技术(EEQG)研究优秀击剑运动员大脑处理信息的能力。结果表明,优秀击剑运动员大脑处理信息的能力与普通人相比,激活能力总值显著较高,提示优秀击剑运动员大脑处理信息的量更大,处理信息的方式更多;击剑运动员大脑处理信息的优势单脑区为左前脑和右后脑,左前—右后脑是优秀击剑运动员双侧脑的最佳匹配;男女运动员在大脑左颞区优秀图形的差异显著,提示女运动员比男运动员有更稳定的情绪,更高的内驱力,更强的逻辑记忆和理性思维能力;击剑运动员优势图形中的特征图形为内方型和隧道型,非优势图形中的特征图形为逃逸型和奇异型;脑象图的技术参数中,边缘系数反映大脑处理信息的耗能量,它与击剑运动员的竞技状态呈较高的负相关,即边缘系数越低,运动员在竞技比赛中的发挥越好;击剑运动员边缘系数优秀型占总人数的62.4%,一般型占总人数的37.6%,提示我国优秀击剑运动员大脑处理信息的效率很高。 相似文献
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目的:对国家击剑队运动员生理、生化指标进行监控,为教练员及时了解运动员的身体反应、修订训练计划和调整训练负荷,保证运动员在大赛前机能处于良好状态提供参考.方法:选取国家击剑队2008年奥运会前体能训练和模拟比赛密集期,运用生理、生化指标对国家队4个剑种18名运动员进行训练监控.结果:安静状态下运动员各测定指标均在正常范围,整个训练期间各组运动员Hb、CK、BU、T、C发生了不同程度的变化.结论:显示出Hb、CK、BU、T、C结合使用可较好监控击剑运动员的机能状态,CK对运动强度敏感,而Hb、BU对运动量敏感;比赛前2周运动员T维持在较高水平,C有所升高,教练员对运动负荷的控制适宜. 相似文献
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目的:探讨现代五项和击剑项目运动员非蛋白能量消耗和能量摄入的特点。方法 选取上海现代五项、击剑优秀运动员,共17人。第1天和第3天清晨空腹测定静息能量代谢 （resting energy expenditure,REE）,并进行身体形态检查（身高、体重、体成分）。连续3天填写饮食记录表（dietary record,DR）,采用食物称重法计算膳食能量摄入（energy intake,EI）。结果：（1）上海现代五项和击剑项目运动员每天的饮食摄入低于实际能量消耗。（2）现代五项和击剑运动员的非蛋白能量物质摄入量均低于推荐值。（3）在静息状态下,现代五项和击剑运动员的静息能量代谢无明显差异（P=0.935）,糖脂供能比均接近1.1：1。（4）现代五项和击剑运动员的日均能量摄入无明显差异（P=0.929）,但与推荐糖脂比例相比,现代五项的碳水化合物摄入不足,而击剑运动员的碳水化合物和脂肪摄入比例相对合理。结论：（1）上海现代五项和击剑项目运动员每日的非蛋白能量物质碳水化合物摄入明显不足,需要在饮食中进一步加强补充。（2）现代五项运动员的碳水化合物与脂肪摄入比例需要进一步优化。 相似文献
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During the Paris Olympic Games of July 1924, there were a series of ‘incidents’ in the fencing competition that became known as the Puliti affair. At the centre of the troubles was the Italian Oreste Puliti. The ‘affair’ had to be discussed by the ‘jury d'honneur’ recently set up by the IOC. Both the IOC and the International Federation were concerned with this issue for four more years. This article uses the Puliti affair to discuss several aspects of nationalism in the mid-1920s: the growing tensions between Fascist Italy and democracies such as Hungary and France, the specific Olympic status of fencing challenged in Paris after three centuries of confrontation between the French and Italian schools of fencing, and ongoing tensions between the IOC and the international federations. Finally, the press perceptions of the incident in various countries are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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调研结果表明:我国现役运动员的年龄结构为2008年奥运会提供了适宜年龄,要组织一支能够在2008年奥运会夺取冠军的队伍,还必需加强对策研究,集中力量突出强项,形成"龙头"带动整体,明确训练指导思想,提高认识水平,探索击剑项目的制胜规律,注重技术创新与规则研究,抓住技术水平的开拓作用,进一步加强国家队的建设. 相似文献
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影响我国击剑市场发展的主要因素与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
影响我国击剑市场发展的主要因素有：击剑项目发展不平衡，人们缺乏对击剑项目的了解，击剑人口不多，以及项目自身和竞赛体制等。只有重视击剑运动项目的整体发展，确定赛事的包装与宣传理念，加强项目自身的改革以营造比赛氛围，加强与中介公司的合作，与相关产业联合，加快击剑人口的形成，培养击剑市场消费主体，确定击剑市场的发育走势，尽快开发、研制出大众化击剑器材装备，才能逐步形成有特色的击剑市场。 相似文献