共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The study follows up on the contention that self-controlled feedback schedules benefit learning because they are more tailored to the performers' needs than externally controlled feedback schedules (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002). Under this assumption, one would expect learning advantages for individuals who decide whether they want to receive feedback after a trial rather than before a trial. Participants practiced a sequential timing task, and all could decide the trials on which they received feedback. One group ("self-after") decided after every trial whether they wanted to receive feedback for that trial while another group ("self-before") made that decision before each trial The self-after group showed learning benefits on a delayed transfer test (novel absolute timing requirements) with regard to overall timing and relative-timing accuracy. Thus, self-controlled feedback was more effective when the learner could make a decision about receiving feedback after the trial. This seems to support the view that self-controlled feedback benefits learning, because learners can make a decision about feedback based on their performance on a given trial. 相似文献
2.
Margaret Robb 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):175-184
Abstract This study was an investigation of the course of learning a specified arm movement pattern under conditions that varied as to the type and frequency of feedback information. After several days of practice, subjects performed a criterion test which was the same as the learning movement pattern, but explicit visual feedback was withdrawn. Forty undergraduate students were divided into five groups. Each group was randomly assigned a method of learning the task. The methods of receiving information about performance were as follows: (a) concurrent visual feedback, (b) concurrent proprioceptive feedback and terminal knowledge of graphs, (c) a combination of (a) and (b), (d) concurrent visual feedback interspersed with passive watching, and (e) concurrent visual feedback at two different speeds. The results indicated the following: (a) the most effective variable for learning the pattern was concurrent visual feedback, (b) performing the movement at a slower than normal rate was detrimental to performance on the criterion test, (c) sitting and watching was as effective a learning method as performing at two speeds, and (d) subjects in the slow-standard speed group were significantly poorer than subjects in other groups during performance of the criterion test. The other methods did not differ significantly from each other. 相似文献
3.
This paper examines whether self-controlled feedback schedules enhance learning, because they are more tailored to the performers' needs than externally controlled feedback schedules. Participants practiced a sequential timing task. One group of learners (self-control) was provided with feedback whenever they requested it, whereas another group (yoked) had no influence on the feedback schedule. The self-control group showed learning benefits on a delayed transfer test. Questionnaire results revealed that self-control learners asked for feedback primarily after good trials and yoked learners preferred to receive feedback after good trials. Analyses demonstrated that errors were lower on feedback than no-feedback trials for the self-control group but not for the yoked group. Thus, self-control participants appeared to use a strategy for requesting feedback. This might explain learning advantages of self-controlled practice. 相似文献
4.
Abstract This paper examines whether self-controlled feedback schedules enhance learning, because they are more tailored to the performers' needs than externally controlled feedback schedules. Participants practiced a sequential timing task. One group of learners (self-control) was provided with feedback whenever they requested it, whereas another group (yoked) had no influence on the feedback schedule. The self-control group showed learning benefits on a delayed transfer test. Questionnaire results revealed that self-control learners asked for feedback primarily after good trials andyoked learners preferred to receive feedback after good trials. Analyses demonstrated that errors were lower on feedback than no-feedback trials for the self-control group but not for the yoked group. Thus, self-control participants appeared to use a strategy for requesting feedback. This might explain learning advantages of self-controlled practice. 相似文献
5.
Christopher M. Janelle Douglas A. Barba Shane G. Frehlich L. Keith Tennant James H. Cauraugh 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):269-279
This study was designed to examine whether participants who could control the schedule of performance feedback (KP) would learn differentially from those who received a rigid feedback schedule while learning a complex task. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to self-controlled KP (SELF), summary KP (SUMMARY), yoked control (YOKE), or knowledge of results only (KR) conditions. Data collection consisted of an acquisition phase and a 4-day retention phase during which right-handed participants performed a left-handed ball throw. Overall, throwing form improved across trial blocks during acquisition, with the SUMMARY, SELF, and YOKE groups showing more improvement than the KR group. During retention, the SELF group retained a higher level of throwing form and accuracy in comparison to the other groups. Results suggest that when given the opportunity to control the feedback environment, learners require relatively less feedback to acquire skills and retain those skills at a level equivalent to or surpassing those who are given more feedback but receive it passively. 相似文献
6.
The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether open feedback (i.e. the ability to hear or see the scores of colleague judges after each performance) would lead judges in gymnastics to conform with their colleagues, and (2) to identify the underlying process on which this conformity is based. Twenty-three certified Flemish judges in women's gymnastics were randomly divided into panels of a maximum of five judges. These panels had to rate the same 30 videotaped individual vaults: 15 in phase 1 and 15 in phase 2. Two independent variables were orthogonally manipulated: feedback (or no feedback) during phase 1 and feedback (or no feedback) during phase 2. The results of phase 1 revealed that the variation between the judges' scores was less within panels that had received feedback than within panels that had not received feedback. We therefore conclude that the availability of feedback elicits conformity among gymnastic judges. The results of phase 2 indicated that this conformity continued even when feedback was no longer provided, suggesting that the observed conformity was based on informational influencing (i.e. because of uncertainty about the correct responses) and not on normative influencing (i.e. out of fear of standing out in the group). 相似文献
7.
G M Gauthier 《Journal of sports sciences》1985,3(1):3-25
The present work compares the efficiency of two training techniques as aids to learning selected aspects of a sequentially ordered action such as that of rowing. Subjects in one group were trained with a conventional learning technique (CLT) while those in a second group were trained by an augmented feedback technique referred to as external feedback (EFB). Progress was recorded on learning curves. Rowing athletes with limited experience and psychophysiology students were used for the study. The tasks consisted of learning movement timing (rhythmicity of action and coordination of body parts) and movement intensity (force and electromyogram development), in four separate experiments. The learning curves for EFB subjects were found to have significantly and consistently higher slopes than those for CLT subjects. Optimal criteria were reached by EBF subjects, after a continuous increase in performance levels and a concomitant decrease in standard deviations evaluated from periodicity, movement accuracy and force. Subjects, who after 8 to 10 sessions of CLT learning had not reached optimal level, were exposed to EFB. Their performances then showed a marked improvement and attained the required criterion in 2 to 4 sessions. This further demonstrates the efficacy of EFB as compared with CLT, as an aid to learning a complex sensorimotor action. The efficacy of EFB as a learning technique is discussed in relation to the internal model of the task to be executed and to sensory motor control and motor programmes. 相似文献
8.
Comparison of modes of feedback on glide performance in swimming 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The software product "GlideCoach" was recently developed to give quantitative and qualitative feedback on the glide performance of a swimmer (Naemi & Sanders, 2008 ). This study compared the effect of feedback on glide performance from GlideCoach with video and verbal feedback. Nineteen elite swimmers were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 and 2 included six swimmers and Group 3 included seven swimmers. All participants performed ten dives in each of five sessions. Each group received one of three forms of feedback (video, video and verbal, and GlideCoach and verbal) for four sessions. In the fifth, retest session, performed 4 weeks after the fourth session, all groups received GlideCoach and verbal feedback only. This enabled the analysis of GlideCoach and verbal feedback on performance of the groups that had not yet received this feedback and assessment of the retention ability for the group that had. Feedback resulted in all groups recording an improvement, as indicated by effect sizes, for average velocity, glide factor (related to resistive drag), and initial velocity (P < 0.05). The improvement following the GlideCoach and verbal feedback was greater than that of the two other feedback methods for all variables of interest (P < 0.05), with effect sizes ranging from 1.0 to 2.5, compared with values less than 0.6 for the other feedback methods. We conclude that GlideCoach feedback is effective in improving glide performance. 相似文献
9.
Filip Boen Karen van Hoye Yves Vanden Auweele Jos Feys Tim Smits 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):621-628
Abstract The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to determine whether open feedback (i.e. the ability to hear or see the scores of colleague judges after each performance) would lead judges in gymnastics to conform with their colleagues, and (2) to identify the underlying process on which this conformity is based. Twenty-three certified Flemish judges in women's gymnastics were randomly divided into panels of a maximum of five judges. These panels had to rate the same 30 videotaped individual vaults: 15 in phase 1 and 15 in phase 2. Two independent variables were orthogonally manipulated: feedback (or no feedback) during phase 1 and feedback (or no feedback) during phase 2. The results of phase 1 revealed that the variation between the judges' scores was less within panels that had received feedback than within panels that had not received feedback. We therefore conclude that the availability of feedback elicits conformity among gymnastic judges. The results of phase 2 indicated that this conformity continued even when feedback was no longer provided, suggesting that the observed conformity was based on informational influencing (i.e. because of uncertainty about the correct responses) and not on normative influencing (i.e. out of fear of standing out in the group). 相似文献
10.
Recent studies (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002, 2005) have shown that learners prefer to receive feedback after they believe they had a “good” rather than “poor”trial. The present study followed up on this finding and examined whether learning would benefit if individuals received feedback after good relative to poor trials. Participants practiced a task that required them to throw beanbags at a target with their nondominant arm. Vision was prevented during and after the throws. All participants received knowledge of results (KR) on three trials in each 6-trial block. While one group (KR good) received KR for the three most effective trials in each block, another (KR poor) received feedback for the three least effective trials in each block. There were no group differences in practice. However, the KR good group showed learning advantages on a delayed retention test (without KR). These results demonstrated that learning is facilitated if feedback is provided after good rather than poor trials. The findings are interpreted as evidence for a motivational function of feedback. 相似文献
11.
Recent studies (Chiviacowsky & Wulf, 2002, 2005) have shown that learners prefer to receive feedback after they believe they had a "good" rather than "poor" trial. The present study followed up on this finding and examined whether learning would benefit if individuals received feedback after good relative to poor trials. Participants practiced a task that required them to throw beanbags at a target with their nondominant arm. Vision was prevented during and after the throws. All participants received knowledge of results (KR) on three trials in each 6-trial block. While one group (KR good) received KR for the three most effective trials in each block, another (KR poor) received feedback for the three least effective trials in each block. There were no group differences in practice. However the KR good group showed learning advantages on a delayed retention test (without KR). These results demonstrated that learning is facilitated if feedback is provided after good rather than poor trials. The findings are interpreted as evidence for a motivational function of feedback. 相似文献
12.
Badami R VaezMousavi M Wulf G Namazizadeh M 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(2):196-203
One purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-confidence or anxiety would be differentially affected byfeedback from more accurate rather than less accurate trials. The second purpose was to determine whether arousal variations (activation) would predict performance. On day 1, participants performed a golf putting task under one of two conditions: one group received feedback on the most accurate trials, whereas another group received feedback on the least accurate trials. On day 2, participants completed an anxiety questionnaire and performed a retention test. Shin conductance level, as a measure of arousal, was determined. The results indicated that feedback about more accurate trials resulted in more effective learning as well as increased self-confidence. Also, activation was a predictor of performance. 相似文献
13.
Heather Carnahan Craig Hall Timothy D. Lee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):416-423
Abstract Two studies investigated the effects of delayed visual feedback on manual tracking. In Experiment 1, individuals practiced with visual feedback provided either immediately (0 delay) or with a 333-ms delay. During acquisition, the 0 delay group performed with less error than the 333-ms delay group. A retention test with 0 delay feedback was performed with the least error by the 0 delay group. A transfer test using a different 0 delay tracking pattern, was performed with the least error by the 333-ms delay group. In Experiment 2, individuals practiced at six different delays. Error increased as training feedback delay increased. For retention there were no differences between the delay groups during the 0 delay retention. At a 417-ms retention, test error decreased as training feedback delay increased. Results indicate that error during acquisition does not necessarily impair learning and that feedback delays can be beneficial for learning. 相似文献
14.
在体育教学过程中,用不同频率的结果反馈对学生太极拳动作学习效果的影响进行了实验研究,结果表明给予的不同频率反馈中,学生的学习效果有差异,50%的频率反馈实验组成绩明显优于100%反馈频率和无反馈实验组的成绩。说明在太极拳教学中,教师以评价等方式给学生追加反馈对于提高教学效果有着重要的意义。教师在教学中是否追加反馈,教学中反馈的频率都直接影响学生学习太极拳技能的效果。 相似文献
15.
任务复杂程度对反馈频率适宜值的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单维简单和两维复杂电脑追踪任务,探讨任务复杂程度对反馈频率适宜值的影响.96名右利手的在校大学生随机分为简单任务和复杂任务组(每组男、女各24名).两组受试者分别在25%相对频率(提供反馈的练习次数占总练习次数的25%,简称反馈频率,下同)、50%反馈频率、75%反馈频率、100%反馈频率条件下,连续两天练习简单或复杂任务,每天练习36次.第2天练习结束后休息10min,2组受试者进行无反馈保持测试.一天后,再进行无反馈的保持测试.结果显示:(1)练习阶段,两组受试者的操作绩效随反馈频率增加呈提高趋势;(2)50%反馈频率利于简单任务的技能学习,75%反馈频率利于复杂任务的技能学习;(3)任务复杂程度与反馈频率适宜值存在交互作用,与简单任务相比,操作复杂任务时,应增加反馈的频率.以上结果提示:当信息加工负荷较小(如操作任务较简单)时,减少反馈频率利于技能学习;而当信息加工负荷较大(操作任务较复杂)时,频繁反馈利于技能学习. 相似文献
16.
赫平家 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(1):103-107,111
以16名(平均分为两组)选修乒乓球专项课的大学生为研究对象,对其进行乒乓球反手发短球技能学习影像反馈效果的实验。两组受试者开始时(阶段A)分别进行4天及7天每次20球不给任何反馈的反手发短球测验,接着进行10天的影像反馈介入(阶段B),之后进入撤除介入变量后的维持阶段(阶段M),继续各做4天的反手发短球测验。最后再分写总计18天及21天的得分,算出个别的平均数,再以这三个阶段中各区间的得分平均值做比较,然后以曲线图与视觉分析表进行分析。结果显示:两组受试者在阶段A的得分变化都呈现出平稳的现象;在进入B阶段时,第一组受试者的得分变化幅度要较第二组受试者大,但整体上都开始明显增长末段趋缓的现象;进入阶段M时,得分不再继续增长而保持阶段B时的表现水平。此结果支持影像反馈有助于反手发短球学习效果的假设。 相似文献
17.
在体育教学过程中,用不同频率的结果反馈对学生篮球学习效果的影响进行了实验研究,结果表明给予的不同频率反馈中,学生的学习效果有差异,33%的频率反馈实验组成绩明显优于100%反馈频率和无反馈实验组的成绩。说明在篮球教学中,教师以评价等方式给学生追加反馈对于提高教学效果有着重要的意义;教师在教学中是否追加反馈,教学中反馈的频率都直接影响学生学习篮球技能的效果。 相似文献
18.
反馈频次对羽毛球技能学习效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用文献资料、实验和数理统计等研究方法,探讨不同反馈频次对羽毛球初学者发高远球技能学习效果的影响。结果显示:高频次反馈信息更利于羽毛球立即表现学习成绩的提高;低频次反馈信息更有助于提高羽毛球延迟保留学习效果。提示:在羽毛球技能学习的初始阶段和矫正错误动作练习中,应采用高频次反馈信息;在动作技能由分化向自动化转变的学习过程中,应采用低频次反馈信息。 相似文献
19.
Leandro de Carvalho da Silva Carla Ferro Pereira-Monfredini 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(18):1825-1830
This study aimed at assessing the interaction between subjective error estimation and frequency of extrinsic feedback in the learning of the basketball free shooting pattern by children. 10- to 12-year olds were assigned to 1 of 4 groups combining subjective error estimation and relative frequency of extrinsic feedback (33% × 100%). Analysis of performance was based on quality of movement pattern. Analysis showed superior learning of the group combining error estimation and 100% feedback frequency, both groups receiving feedback on 33% of trials achieved intermediate results, and the group combining no requirement of error estimation and 100% feedback frequency had the poorest learning. Our results show the benefit of subjective error estimation in association with high frequency of extrinsic feedback in children’s motor learning of a sport motor pattern. 相似文献
20.
近些年来,教育主管部门重视对学生民族精神的教育,加强武术教学的话题被重新提出。但我国中小学生的武术学习情况已无法让人满意,武术教育的现状让人深思。有调查显示,在经济发达的地区武术开展的情况更加不尽如人意。上海作为我国最为发达的城市之一,素质教育实行得较好,加上外省市移民人口比例大,中小学生的武术学习情况具有一定的代表性。通过问卷调查了解中小学生武术学习动力各方面的情况,发现武术学习动力的主要方面、不足之处,从而为武术学习动力的提高提供理论支持。 相似文献