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1.
女子摔跤运动是一项新兴的对抗性运动，对运动员的各项素质都有较高的要求。它要求运动员在拥有较强的有氧耐力基础上，具有良好的爆发力和速度耐力，同时具备良好的协调性和柔韧性。本文从女子摔跤运动员的身体形态、无氧代谢能力、最大摄氧量、血清睾酮、血红蛋白、血尿素、CK、血乳酸等多项指标，对其机能状态的评定进行了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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何钢 《西安体育学院学报》2012,29(3):376-380
为了解我国优秀女子摔跤运动员体能特点,采用调查、测试和数理统计方法对我国53名优秀女子摔跤运动员体能结构指标进行测试与分析。结果表明:(1)优秀女子摔跤运动员在身体形态上发生良好的适应性变化,具体表现为身材、身体充实度和去脂体重较高,体脂含量较低;(2)优秀女子摔跤运动员磷酸原供能能力较好,心血管系统机能良好,并具备较强的有氧代谢能力,但糖酵解供能能力有待加强;(3)不同级别选手运动素质方面表现出较大的差异性,具体表现为在最大力量方面大级别运动员优势明显,而在速度、灵敏、耐力方面中小级别运动员则具备较大的优势。 相似文献
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体能即是身体能力，是运动员在训练中专项身体素质，机体机能水平和身体形态特征综合体现。身体素质一般包含：速度、力量、耐力、灵敏、柔韧。 相似文献
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体能是指运动员机体的运动能力，是竞技能力的重要组成部分，是运动员为提高技术、战术水平和创造优异成绩所必需的各种身体运动能力的综合。这些能力包括身体形态、身体机能、运动素质(包括力量、速度、耐力、柔韧、灵敏等)。其中运动素质是体能的重要决定因素，身体形态、身体机能是形成良好运动素质的基础。 相似文献
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樊晨光 《体育科技文献通报》2005,13(3)
铁人三项运动归属为体能主导类耐力性项群。该项目以耐力为基础,以速度耐力为核心,以速度为突破,这是铁人三项的项目特征。本文从运动员的身体形态、生理机能、运动素质等几方面来考虑铁人三项运动员的选材。 相似文献
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我校大学生体质及视力状况跟踪调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了全面了解本校大学生的体质、视力状况以及大学期间的动态变化,我们对1993年新入校的386名学生进行身体形态、机能、素质视力等方面11项指标连续4年的跟踪测试。结果表明我校男女大学生身体形态水平发育良好,身体机能水平中等偏下,身体素质发展不平衡,速度、耐力素质水平均值低于1995年全国学生体质调研数据（同年龄组）,学生近视率男生高于1995年全国学生体质调研数据,女生前三年略低于1995年全国学生体质调研数据。结论：我校大学生身体形态发育较好,身体机能、素质有待进一步提高,视力状况急待改变。 相似文献
7.
中长跑项目是典型的周期性耐力项目,其突出特征是"高速度""持续跑专项速度耐力"。根据这一特征要求运动员必须具备良好的有氧代谢能力、有氧--无氧混合代谢的能力以及无氧代谢及相应的机能能力和身体素质。1耐力素质及其训练耐力素质是少年中长跑运动员最基本的身体素质,分为有氧代谢供能的一般耐力、混合代谢供能的速度耐力、无氧代谢供能的速度耐力。其中有氧代谢供能 相似文献
8.
天津市大学生体质状况动态分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对1985年和2000年天津市大学生身体形态、机能、素质的调查结果进行分析和比较，结果表明：15年来，城乡男生和城市女生身体形态发育水平提高，而乡村女生胸围却显著降低，身体形态生长发育不均衡，城市男女生身体形态发育水平高于乡村男女生。反映身体机能的肺活量与肺活量体重指数，城乡男女学生均大幅度降低。身体素质有不同程度的改善，但发展不平衡，城乡男女生速度、下肢爆发力、腰腹力量等身体素质均明显提高，但耐力素质大幅度降低，上肢力量薄弱现状仍未改变。城乡学生超重与肥胖检出率逐年增多。 相似文献
9.
陕西省普通高校大学生体质健康状况的动态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2004年和2005年陕西省普通高校大学生身体形态、机能、素质的测试结果进行分析,并与全国大学生体质水平进行比较,结果表明,陕西高校城市学生的身高、体重、胸围及皮脂厚度总体上均优于乡村;速度、爆发性素质明显优于乡村男生,耐力、力量性素质明显低于乡村男生;速度、耐力和力量性素质明显好于城市女生,腰腹力量低于城市女生;与全国大学生体质健康平均水平相比,陕西大学生的身体形态和身体机能指标均好于全国平均水平;在身体素质指标方面,陕西高校男生的力量性素质优于全国平均水平,耐力、柔韧性素质比全国平均水平低;女生的速度、腰腹力量优于全国平均水平,而柔韧性素质比全国平均水平的低.城市学生的超重与肥胖率呈逐年增加趋势. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to find a more optimal blade design for rowing performance than the Big Blade, which has been shown to be less than optimal for propulsion. As well as the Big Blade, a flat Big Blade, a flat rectangular blade, and a rectangular blade with the same curvature and projected area as the Big Blade were tested in a water flume to determine their fluid dynamic characteristics at the full range of angles at which the oar blade might present itself to the water. Similarities were observed between the flat Big Blade and rectangular blades. However, the curved rectangular blade generated significantly more lift in the angle range 0-90 degrees than the curved Big Blade, although it was similar between 90 and 180 degrees. This difference was attributed to the shape of the upper and lower edges of the blade and their influence on the fluid flow around the blade. Although the influence of oar blade design on boat speed was not investigated here, the significant increases in fluid force coefficients for the curved rectangular blade suggest that this new oar blade design could elicit a practically significant improvement in rowing performance. 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):913-921
AbstractAnalysing performance in competitive environments enables identification of key constraints which shape behaviours, supporting designs of more representative training and learning environments. In this study, competitive performance of 244 elite level jumpers (male and female) was analysed to identify the impact of candidate individual, environmental and task constraints on performance outcomes. Findings suggested that key constraints shaping behaviours in long jumping were related to: individuals (e.g. particularly intended performance goals of athletes and their impact on future jump performance); performance environments (e.g. strength and direction of wind) and tasks (e.g. requirement for front foot to be behind foul line at take-off board to avoid a foul jump). Results revealed the interconnectedness of competitive performance, highlighting that each jump should not be viewed as a behaviour in isolation, but rather as part of a complex system of connected performance events which contribute to achievement of competitive outcomes. These findings highlight the potential nature of the contribution of performance analysis in competitive performance contexts. They suggest how practitioners could design better training tasks, based on key ecological constraints of competition, to provide athletes with opportunities to explore and exploit functional intentions and movement solutions high in contextual specificity. 相似文献
14.
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the convergent and predictive validity of two skill tests that examine the ability of golfers to hit accurate approach-iron shots. Twenty-four high-level golfers (handicap = 2.6 ± 1.7) performed the Nine-Ball Skills Test (assesses the ability to shape/control ball trajectory with high accuracy) and the Approach-Iron Skill Test (assesses the ability to hit straight shots from varying distances with high accuracy). Participants then completed at least eight rounds of tournament golf over the following 90 days and reported an indicator of approach-iron accuracy (per cent error index). A moderate correlation (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) was noted between scores for both tests. Generalised estimating equations, using two covariates (lie of the ball and distance to hole), were used to determine model fit and the amount of variance explained for tournament per cent error index. Results showed that the Approach-Iron Skill Test was the slightly stronger predictor of on-course per cent error index. With both test scores considered together, a minimal amount of additional variance was explained. These findings suggest that either of the tests used individually or combined may be used to predict tournament approach iron performance in high-level golfers. 相似文献
15.
Iron status in Winter Olympic sports 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D B Clement D R Lloyd-Smith J G Macintyre G O Matheson R Brock M Dupont 《Journal of sports sciences》1987,5(3):261-271
Iron status was surveyed amongst 92 Winter Olympic sport athletes from Nordic and Alpine skiing, figure and speed skating and ice hockey. Haemoglobin and serum ferritin values were obtained by physicians as part of a monitoring programme, since iron deficiency would have an adverse effect on maximal performance. Four (7%) of 56 men were anaemic (Hb less than 14.0 g dl-1) and three (8%) of 36 women had haemoglobin values less than 12.0 g dl-1. Nine men (16%) and 14 women (39%) had prelatent iron deficiency (serum ferritin less than 30 ng ml-1). Ice hockey had the lowest while Nordic skiing had the highest incidence of sub-optimal iron status. A total of 50% of Nordic women skiers had prelatent iron deficiency and 7% were anaemic. An equal percentage of women speed skaters were low in serum ferritin as well. Only one of 20 male ice hockey players was low in serum ferritin. These results suggest there would be value in instituting screening procedures for iron status in Winter Olympic Sports. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to find a more optimal blade design for rowing performance than the Big Blade, which has been shown to be less than optimal for propulsion. As well as the Big Blade, a flat Big Blade, a flat rectangular blade, and a rectangular blade with the same curvature and projected area as the Big Blade were tested in a water flume to determine their fluid dynamic characteristics at the full range of angles at which the oar blade might present itself to the water. Similarities were observed between the flat Big Blade and rectangular blades. However, the curved rectangular blade generated significantly more lift in the angle range 0 – 90° than the curved Big Blade, although it was similar between 90 and 180°. This difference was attributed to the shape of the upper and lower edges of the blade and their influence on the fluid flow around the blade. Although the influence of oar blade design on boat speed was not investigated here, the significant increases in fluid force coefficients for the curved rectangular blade suggest that this new oar blade design could elicit a practically significant improvement in rowing performance. 相似文献
17.
D. B. Clement D. R. Lloyd‐Smith J. G. Macintyre G. O. Matheson R. Brock Michel Dupont 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):261-271
Iron status was surveyed amongst 92 Winter Olympic sport athletes from Nordic and Alpine skiing, figure and speed skating and ice hockey. Haemoglobin and serum ferritin values were obtained by physicians as part of a monitoring programme, since iron deficiency would have an adverse effect on maximal performance. Four (7%) of 56 men were anaemic (Hb < 14.0 gdl‐1) and three (8%) of 36 women had haemoglobin values less than 12.0 gdl‐1. Nine men (16%) and 14 women (39%) had prelatent iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 30 ng ml‐1). Ice hockey had the lowest while Nordic skiing had the highest incidence of sub‐optimal iron status. A total of 50% of Nordic women skiers had prelatent iron deficiency and 7% were anaemic. An equal percentage of women speed skaters were low in serum ferritin as well. Only one of 20 male ice hockey players was low in serum ferritin. These results suggest there would be value in instituting screening procedures for iron status in Winter Olympic Sports. 相似文献
18.
This paper explores three female swimmers’ relationships with their male coaches and the body practices they were exposed to within Australian swimming. Particular attention is given to how the relationships and practices might relate to gender. Additionally, the article examines how (if at all) the conduct contributed to the social construction of an accepted female swimmer body. Through narrative accounts, the three adolescent female athletes articulate hierarchical male coach–female athlete relationships and specific body encounters they were exposed to and/or engaged with. Their experiences reveal how a sexually maturing body (growing breasts, female body shape and menstruating) was deemed unsuitable for performance and the swimmers were thus encouraged to transform their bodies and behaviours towards that of the boys. Using a feminist Foucauldian perspective, these accounts points to how the three swimmers came to regulate their diet, training and appearance in order to fulfil expectations. This self-regulation is problematic in two ways: first, no scientific evidence shows that a boy like physique is essential for best performance. Second, the stress from being pressured to achieve a particular body, as well as the shame that resulted from being unable to achieve the idealised physique, eventually caused the swimmers to develop an unhealthy relationship with their developing bodies. We highlight how those immersed in sporting contexts should recognise the serious implications of gender practices and power relations underpinning the male coach–female athlete dynamic in competitive sport. 相似文献
19.
运动对铁代谢影响的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
铁对于提高运动员的运动成绩是非常重要的，多年来运动性贫血特别是缺铁性贫血一直是运动医学中的研究热点，许多学者对其机制进行了研究和探讨，结果认为运动可引起血浆总量的升高、红细胞溶血、铁丢失增加、铁吸收不良和NO增加等变化。另外，铁缺失还会影响循环系统和骨骼肌的功能。近年来研究发现的二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporterl，DMTl)和金属转运蛋白1(ferroportin 1)等有助于从分子水平进一步阐明运动与铁伐谢的关系。此外，对血清转铁蛋白受体(serum transferrin receptor)的研究，也可为运动性铁缺失的监测提供更灵敏的指标。 相似文献