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1.
目的主要运用生物力学的方法研究不同踝关节保护措施对足球运动员侧切时支撑腿力学特征的影响。方法运用红外光点运动捕捉系统同步三维测力台,对足球运动员在不采取踝关节保护措施、贴扎和佩带护具3种状态下侧切过程中支撑腿有关力学参数进行分析。结果在侧切过程中,贴扎缩短了受试者从接触地面到达首次垂直地面反作用力峰值的时间,减小了足最大背屈角度、最大内翻角度和最大内翻角速度;护具显著减小了足最大背屈角度,明显增加了最大内翻角度和踝关节最大外翻力矩。结论贴扎能有效地减小踝关节活动度,但使人体侧切着地初期缓冲能力下降;贴扎能为人体保护机制提供更多的时间来应对踝内翻,也许会减少踝关节潜在的损伤。护具能有效地限制了踝的屈伸活动度。二者的使用并未对膝关节带来消极影响。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨高、低帮篮球鞋对落地时踝关节内翻的运动学、地面反作用力及下肢主要肌群活动的影响,尝试理解高、低帮篮球鞋与踝关节落地稳定之间的关系;方法:13名受试者分别穿着高、低帮篮球鞋,手抓杠悬于空中,从40 cm高度分别垂直下落至内翻15°、内翻30°、内翻25°伴随跖屈10°(25°+10°)、内翻25°伴随跖屈20°(25°+20°)的倾斜面上,分析其踝关节运动学、地面反作用力及小腿主要外翻和背屈肌群(胫骨前肌、腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌)的肌电活动;结果:高、低帮鞋对内翻角度的变化、最大内翻角速度和地面垂直及水平冲击力没有显著影响;在15°倾斜面时,穿着高帮鞋出现预激活时间比低帮鞋晚(P<0.05),同时,在15°和25°+20°下腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌落地前50 ms的平均振幅更小(P<0.05);结论:选取的高帮鞋对踝关节的运动学和冲击力的改变不显著,但却在一定程度上影响了周围肌肉的预激活,对限制踝关节活动起到了积极的作用.  相似文献   

3.
目的：探讨3种不同方向(前跳、斜跳与侧跳)单腿跳跃落地侧切变向及运动疲劳对踝关节扭伤风险的影响。方法：采用红外运动捕捉系统与三维测力台,同步采集15名男性大学生业余球类运动者在疲劳前后完成3种不同方向单腿跳跃落地侧切变向动作时的运动学和动力学指标。结果：在触地时刻,不同方向落地侧切时踝跖屈角度和踝内翻角速度之间存在显著差异,表现为侧跳最大,前跳最小在缓冲阶段中,最大踝内翻角、最大踝内翻角速度、最大踝内翻力矩和最大垂直地面反作用力指标在不同方向落地侧切时存在显著性差异,表现侧跳最大,前跳最小。疲劳前后不同方向落地侧切的各项指标中均无显著性差异。结论：不同方向落地侧切动作可对踝关节动作模式造成影响,侧切变向角度增加可能导致更高的踝关节扭伤风险。运动疲劳可能不会增大男子落地侧切动作踝关节损伤风险。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨放置在羽毛球鞋前掌部位的楔形结构对前场蹬跨步动作产生的影响,为提高羽毛球鞋的运动表现及防护羽毛球运动损伤提供参考。方法招募20名高校羽毛球专项学生作为受试者,采用重复性测量的实验设计。实验用鞋为前掌部位放置了2种不同高度楔形结构的羽毛球鞋和作为对照鞋的普通羽毛球鞋。结果楔形结构能够增大前场蹬跨步动作触地阶段的跖趾关节最大背屈角度(P <0. 05)和跖趾关节活动范围(P <0. 05),增加跖趾关节最大蹬伸速度(P <0. 01),增加踝关节最大外翻角度(P <0. 05),降低踝关节最大内翻角度(P <0. 05),能够降低前足受到的侧向力(P <0. 05),增加踝关节的最大外翻力矩(P <0. 05),增大踝关节最大跖屈力矩(P <0. 01)。结论 (1)在运动员完成前场蹬跨步动作的着地阶段,穿着前掌具有楔形结构的羽毛球鞋没有对膝关节运动产生影响,未来研究应关注于楔形结构的高度及材料硬度对膝关节的影响。(2)前掌楔形结构降低了运动员踝关节的稳定性,建议作为训练鞋使用以增加训练效果,但在比赛中应谨慎穿着。(3) 0. 008 m楔形高度羽毛球鞋不仅能够增加前场蹬跨步着地过程中跖趾关节的蹬伸速度,帮助提升运动表现,而且能够降低前足受到的侧向力,改善鞋的缓冲效果,有助于降低羽毛球运动中前足的损伤风险。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探索在连续纵跳下落阶段优势侧和非优势侧踝关节的运动学、地面反作用力差异.方法:采用13名健康男性作为受试者,每名受试者进行连续纵跳5次,以起跳时的重心高度作为标准,选取5次中最好成绩动作的下落阶段进行分析.运动过程中采集两侧下肢的地面反作用力以及两侧踝关节的运动学数据,利用配对t检验对所采集的两侧数据进行分析.结果:在连续纵跳的下落阶段,优势侧踝关节的背屈方向和外旋方向上的角速度、垂直方向上的地面反作用力均大于非优势侧(P＜0.05),但踝关节的其他运动学、动力学指标均没有显著性差异.结论:在连续纵跳的下落阶段,与优势侧相比,非优势侧可能在屈伸与外旋方向有较大的运动限制,而与非优势侧相比,优势侧在下落着地过程中出现运动损伤的可能性较大.  相似文献   

6.
运用国产气垫夹板对37例急性踝关节损伤进行了治疗效果的观察和分析。结果证实:国产气垫夹板对踝关节扭伤后所致的韧带损伤和稳定性骨折均有明显的治疗作用;踝关节气垫夹板固定时间相对较短,韧带拉伤平均18天,稳定性骨折平均31天;国产气垫夹板限制踝关节内翻和外翻,但不影响踝关节的背伸和跖屈运动,患者可进行早期关节活动。  相似文献   

7.
急性踝关节软组织扭伤的治疗   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
1　踝关节的解剖学特点踝关节又称距上关节或胫距关节 ,由胫腓骨下及距骨组成 ,外踝及胫骨后下缘共同组成踝穴 ,距骨上面的鞍形关节面位于踝穴中 ,外踝较内踝长约 1cm且靠后方。距骨体前宽后窄 ,背伸时较宽的距骨体前部进入踝穴 ,踝关节稳固 ,距屈时较窄的距骨体进入踝穴中 ,有一定的侧向运动和较大内翻运动 ,踝关节显得较不稳定。此外 ,使足背伸外翻的第三腓骨较弱 ,而使足背伸内翻的胫骨前肌较强 ,因而使足内翻的力量大于外翻的力量。另外 ,踝关节内侧为三角韧带 ,分深浅两层 ,浅层为跟胫韧带 ,止于截距窦的上部 ,深层呈三角形 ,尖朝上 ,…  相似文献   

8.
竞走作为一项流行运动与人类其他行走方式有着根本的区别。本研究的目的是描述竞走过程中的动力学和运动学指标与正常走各指标的差异,探讨受限于竞走规则的动作是否会造成对竞走运动员的潜在伤害。研究选取14名优秀竞走运动员作为测试对象,使用Rs-SCaB测力板和3台SONY摄像机采集竞走和正常走的动力学和运动学指标,采用配对T检验的统计学方法来比较两种行走方式的指标差异。在竞走中,足跟外侧（H1）和足跟内侧（Hm）压力峰值、地面反作用力第一、第二压力峰值和谷值大小、压力中心曲线在前后方向和左右方向的位移等指标都显著大于正常走。支撑腿着地时伸直的膝关节引起了足跟外侧（H1）和足跟内侧（Hm）压强峰值的增大;竞走中较大的水平速度、较大的水平冲力和较快的踝关节背伸速度分别造成了地面反作用力第一、第二峰值和谷值的增大;更多的大脚趾肌肉用力和较大的髋关节内收动作造成了竞走时足底压力中心曲线在前后方向和内外方向的位移增大。竞走时较大的足跟部位压力峰值和较大的踝关节外翻角度以及大脚趾肌群的过度利用可能是由竞走规则导致的潜在伤病因素。  相似文献   

9.
目的：本文通过比较不同类型踝关节护具对人体脚踝的影响,选出较为合适的护具,以达到有效预防踝关节损伤和提高运动成绩的目的。方法：选取体育学院在校大学生10名,分别穿戴三种不同类型的护具：肌内效贴、绷带和护踝,在蹦床网面上做垂直起跳动作,对照组为光脚组。通过Vicon2.1动作捕捉系统和肌肉电信号测试仪对受试者运动下肢进行同步测量,采用重复性方差检验,得到穿戴不同护具时受试者下肢及脚踝关键部位的运动学参数以及下肢肌肉的运动特点。结果表明：通过表面肌电信号的积分肌电值,分析得到受试者在蹦床运动的踩网阶段,股内侧(701.1)、腓肠肌内侧(619.19)和胫骨前肌(561.34)较为明显;从十名受试者的肌肉输入贡献率来看贴扎肌内效贴时最大,其次穿戴是护踝,然后是缠绕绷带,最后是光脚时。三种不同类型护具跳跃时下肢肌肉均有显著影响(p<0.05),其中肌内效贴最为明显。对受试者垂直跳跃的运动学实验数据比对经过重复性方差检验结果为：膝关节最大角度屈伸变化量中,绷带组显著大于光脚组(P<0.05),肌内效贴和护踝组并未达显著差异(P>0.05);在踝关节最大角度变化量上,肌内效贴组显...  相似文献   

10.
采用爱捷运动录像快速反馈系统EIMG90,对背越式跳高起跳技术进行细致的分析,结果表明在摆动腿蹬离地面至起跳腿着地支撑阶段，我国运动员两腿着地点近，身体重心向下垂直速度小，这有利于保持起跳前的速度，起跳脚着地瞬间至最大缓冲阶段，摆动腿摆动角速度与起跳腿蹬离地面瞬间的重心向上垂直速度相关，与世界优秀运动员比，我国运动员在着地支撑瞬间身体内倾不够。  相似文献   

11.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine effects of a sport version of a semi-rigid ankle brace (Element?) and a soft ankle brace (ASO) on ankle biomechanics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during a drop landing activity in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared to healthy subjects with no history of CAI.MethodsTen healthy subjects and 10 subjects who had multiple ankle sprains participated in the study as the control and unstable subjects, respectively. The CAI subjects were age, body mass index and gender matched with the control subjects. The arch index and ankle functions of the subjects were measured in a subject screening session. During the biomechanical test session, participants performed five trials of drop landing from 0.6 m, wearing no brace (NB), Element? brace and ASO brace. Simultaneous recording of three-dimensional kinematic (240 Hz) and GRF (1200 Hz) data were performed.ResultsThe CAI subjects had lower ankle functional survey scores. The arch index and deformity results showed greater arch deformity of Element? against a static load than in NB and ASO due to greater initial arch position held by the brace. CAI participants had greater eversion velocity than healthy controls. The ASO brace reduced the first peak vertical GRF whereas Element? increased 2nd peak vertical GRF. Element? brace reduced eversion range of motion (ROM) and peak eversion velocity compared to NB and ASO. In addition, Element? reduced dorsiflexion ROM and increased peak plantarflexion moment compared to NB and ASO.ConclusionResults of static arch measurements and dynamic ankle motion suggest that the restrictions offered by both braces are in part due to more dorsiflexed ankle positions at contact, and higher initial arch position and stiffer ankle for Element?.  相似文献   

12.
Although landing in a plantarflexion and inversion position is a well-known characteristic of lateral ankle sprains, the associated kinematics of the knee and hip is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the changes in knee and hip kinematics during landings on an altered landing surface of combined plantarflexion and inversion. Participants performed five drop landings from 30 cm onto a trapdoor platform in three different conditions: flat landing surface, 25° inversion, or a combined 25° plantarflexion and 25° inversion. Kinematic data were collected using a seven camera motion capture system. A 2 × 3 (leg × surface) repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The combined surface showed decreased knee and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) and increased knee abduction ROM (p < 0.05). The altered landing surface creates a stiff landing pattern where reductions in sagittal plane motion are transferred to the frontal plane, resulting in increased knee abduction. A stiff landing pattern is frequently related to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. It may be beneficial for athletes at risk to train for alternate methods of increasing their sagittal plane motion of the knee and hip with active knee or trunk flexion.  相似文献   

13.
Ankle taping is commonly used to prevent ankle sprains. However, kinematic assessments investigating the biomechanical effects of ankle taping have provided inconclusive results. This study aimed to determine the effect of ankle taping on the external ankle joint moments during a drop landing on a tilted surface at 25°. Twenty-five participants performed landings on a tilted force platform that caused ankle inversion with and without ankle taping. Landing kinematics were captured using a motion capture system. External ankle inversion moment, the angular impulse due to the medio-lateral and vertical components of ground reaction force (GRF) and their moment arm lengths about the ankle joint were analysed. The foot plantar inclination relative to the ground was assessed. In the taping condition, the foot plantar inclination and ankle inversion angular impulse were reduced significantly compared to that of the control. The only component of the external inversion moment to change significantly in the taped condition was a shortened medio-lateral GRF moment arm length. It can be assumed that the ankle taping altered the foot plantar inclination relative to the ground, thereby shortening the moment arm of medio-lateral GRF that resulted in the reduced ankle inversion angular impulse.  相似文献   

14.
This study aimed to evaluate the test–retest reliability of a new device for assessing ankle joint kinesthesia. This device could measure the passive motion threshold of four ankle joint movements, namely plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion. A total of 21 healthy adults, including 13 males and 8 females, participated in the study. Each participant completed two sessions on two separate days with 1-week interval. The sessions were administered by the same experimenter in the same laboratory. At least 12 trials (three successful trials in each of the four directions) were performed in each session. The mean values in each direction were calculated and analysed. The ICC values of test–retest reliability ranged from 0.737 (dorsiflexion) to 0.935 (eversion), whereas the SEM values ranged from 0.21° (plantarflexion) to 0.52° (inversion). The Bland–Altman plots showed that the reliability of plantarflexion–dorsiflexion was better than that of inversion–eversion. The results evaluated the reliability of the new device as fair to excellent. The new device for assessing kinesthesia could be used to examine the ankle joint kinesthesia.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

While foot orthoses are commonly used in running, little is known regarding biomechanical risk potentials during uphill running. This study investigated the effects of arch-support orthoses on kinetic and kinematic variables when running at different inclinations. Sixteen male participants ran at different inclinations (0°, 3° and 6°) when wearing arch-support and flat orthoses on an instrumented treadmill. Arch-support orthoses induced longer contact time, larger initial ankle dorsiflexion, maximum ankle eversion, and knee sagittal range of motion (RoM) (p < 0.05). As incline slopes increased, vertical impact peak and loading rate, stride length, and ankle coronal RoM decreased, but contact time, stride frequency, initial ankle dorsiflexion and inversion, maximum dorsiflexion, initial knee flexion, and ankle sagittal RoM increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, knee sagittal RoM was lowest when running at an inclination of 3°. The interaction effect indicated that in arch-support condition, participants running at 6° induced higher maximum ankle eversion than running at 0° (p < 0.05), while no differences were found in flat orthosis condition. These findings suggest that the use of arch-support orthoses would influence running biomechanics that is related to injury risks. Running at higher inclination led to more alterations to biomechanical variables than at lower inclination.  相似文献   

16.
Rearfoot external eversion moments due to ground reaction forces (GRF) during running have been suggested to contribute to overuse running injuries. This study aimed to identify primary factors inducing these rearfoot external eversion moments. Fourteen healthy men ran barefoot across a force plate embedded in the middle of 30-m runway with 3.30 ± 0.17 m · s–1. Total rearfoot external eversion/inversion moments (Mtot) were broken down into the component Mxy due to medio-lateral GRF (Fxy) and the component Mz due to vertical GRF (Fz). Ankle joint centre height and medio-lateral distance from the centre of pressure to the ankle joint centre (a_cop) were calculated as the moment arm of these moments. Mxy dominated Mtot just after heel contact, with the magnitude strongly dependent on Fxy, which was most likely caused by the medio-lateral foot velocity before heel contact. Mz then became the main generator of Mtot throughout the first half of the stance phase, during which a_cop was the critical factor influencing the magnitude. Medio-lateral foot velocity before heel contact and medio-lateral distance from the centre of pressure to the ankle joint centre throughout the first half of the stance phase were identified as primary factors inducing the rearfoot external eversion moment.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of shoe collar-height and counter-stiffness on ground reaction force (GRF), ankle and knee mechanics in landing. Eighteen university basketball players performed drop landing when wearing shoes in different collar height (high vs. low) and counter-stiffness (stiffer vs. less stiff). Biomechanical variables were measured with force platform and motion capturing systems. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed with α = 0.05. Wearing high collar shoes exhibited smaller peak ankle dorsiflexion and total sagittal RoM, peak knee extension moment, but larger peak knee varus moment than the low collar shoes. Stiffer counter-stiffness shoes related to smaller ankle inversion at touchdown and total coronal RoM, but larger peak knee flexion and increased total ankle and knee sagittal RoM than the less stiff counter-stiffness. Furthermore, wearing stiffer counter-stiffness shoes increased forefoot GRF peak at high collar condition, while no significant differences between counter-stiffness at low collar condition. These results suggest that although higher collar height and/or stiffness heel counter used can reduce ankle motion in coronal plane, it would increase the motion and loading at knee joint, which is susceptible to knee injuries. These findings could be insightful for training and footwear development in basketball.  相似文献   

19.
Ballerinas use their ankle joints more extremely and sustain injuries on the ankle joint more frequently than non-dancers. Therefore, the ankle movement of dancers is important and should be studied to prevent injuries. Measuring ankle joint range of motion (ROM) using radiographs could demonstrate the contribution to motion of each joint. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare ankle joint movements and the ratio of each joint’s contribution during movement between dancers and non-dancers, using radiographic images. Dancers have lower dorsiflexion (26.7 ± 6.2°), higher plantarflexion (74.3 ± 7.1°) and higher total (101.1 ± 10.8°) ROMs than non-dancers (33.9 ± 7.0°, 57.2 ± 6.8° and 91.1 ± 9.3°, respectively) (p < 0.05). Although the ROMs were different between the two groups, the ratios of each joint movement were similar between these two groups, in all movements. Regarding total movement, the movement ratio of the talocrural joint was almost 70% and other joints accounted for almost 30% of the movement role in both dancers and non-dancers. Therefore, the differences in ROM between dancers and non-dancers were not a result of a specific joint movement but of all the relevant joints’ collaborative movement.  相似文献   

20.
BackgroundThis study presents a kinematic analysis of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match. The kinematics of this injury were compared to those of 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.MethodsFour camera views of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match were synchronized and rendered in 3-dimensional animation software. A badminton court with known dimensions was built in a virtual environment, and a skeletal model scaled to the injured athlete's height was used for skeletal matching. The ankle joint angle and angular velocity profiles of this acute injury were compared to the summarized findings from 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.ResultsAt foot strike, the ankle joint was 2° everted, 33° plantarflexed, and 18° internally rotated. Maximum inversion of 114° and internal rotation of 69° was achieved at 0.24 s and 0.20 s after foot strike, respectively. After the foot strike, the ankle joint moved from an initial position of plantarflexion to dorsiflexion—from 33° plantarflexion to 53° dorsiflexion (range = 86°). Maximum inversion, dorsiflexion, and internal rotation angular velocity were 1262°/s, 961°/s, and 677°/s, respectively, at 0.12 s after foot strike.ConclusionA forefoot landing posture with a plantarflexed and internally rotated ankle joint configuration could incite an acute lateral ankle sprain injury in badminton. Prevention of lateral ankle sprains in badminton should focus on the control and stability of the ankle joint angle during forefoot landings, especially when the athletes perform a combined lateral and backward step.  相似文献   

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