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目的：为游泳运动员在水槽中进行水感表型强化训练提供参考和建议。方法：将上海市14名一级男性游泳运动员随机分为两组，A组为实验组，B组为对照组。A组每周安排3次水槽中的水感训练课，B组采用常规的泳池训练，保证两组的训练量一致，实验周期为20周。运用上海市游泳水槽系统的三线运动分析系统对运动员训练前后的技术动作进行分析与诊断，运用Tritonwear游泳运动表现分析系统对运动员训练前后50m自由泳成绩和游效指数进行分析。结果：A组与B组运动员经过一段时间的训练后，50 m自由泳成绩和游效指数都较实验前有了一定的提高；而且A组的50 m自由泳成绩和游效指数相比较B组都得到了明显的提高，实验后A组和B组队员的50 m自由泳成绩和游效指数存在显著性差异。结论：通过水槽中水感表型的多种训练方法，运动员的技术动作得到了改进，划水效果得到了提高，运动成绩也得到了提高。对水感的定量研究是我们未来的研究方向，后期还需要更加深入的研究。 相似文献
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游泳运动训练的生理、生化监控方法研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用实验测试法对国家游泳队运动员的生理生化监控方法进行研究。研究表明：游泳运动员血液生化指标的评价参考范围也表现出一定的性别和5个级别差异性；科学的高原训练计划可以提高运动员的有氧代谢能力；无氧酵解能力训练手段对不同优秀游泳运动员有着不同的影响；同一种磷酸原供能训练方法并非可以同时适合于不同的运动员；相同负荷训练后运动员成绩越好、恢复心率越快，则表明运动员机能状况越佳；单一生理生化指标并不能完全监控游泳周（阶段）训练后的恢复情况。 相似文献
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将福建省游泳队10名长距离游泳运动员分为两组进行专项核心力量训练实验对比研究。将两组运动员的1500m自由泳成绩进行对此分析研究,发现实验姐的成绩涨伏优于对照组的成绩。将数据结果与实验干扰因素综合分析后认为,专项核心力量训练对提高少儿游泳孳动贞的成绩有显著作用。 相似文献
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以16名辽宁省男子游泳运动员为研究对象，分析比较冬训前后运动员递增负荷力竭测试相关指标和血常规的变化，旨在探讨冬训对游泳运动员有氧能力的影响，为教练员评价训练效果、完善训练计划提供科学化的指导。结果显示：男子游泳运动员冬训后递增负荷力竭测试中最大摄氧量、最大通气量、最大功率、无氧阈功率、最大心率、达到力竭所用时间等有氧能力指标与冬训前相比均有显著提高；冬训后血常规测试中的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积与冬训前相比均有明显提高；并且冬训后运动员1500m自由泳成绩有显著提高。提示游泳运动员冬训后的有氧能力有了显著的提高。 相似文献
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将87名在测试时至少坚持游泳两年以上的老游泳选手(女子),按其运动量分成两组:优秀组(HT)和非优秀组(NHT)。HT组的运动员一周至少练习三次,训练时间要超过一小时,距离为638—2275公尺。NHT组的运动员一周至少练习两次,时间为半小时,距离不超过637公尺。与NHT组相比,HT组的运动员的体脂含量较低,作密度较高,瘦体重较重。在进行跑台渐增负荷练习时,HT组各年龄组运动员的各项生理指标,如:通气量、最大耗氧量、氧脉搏均显著地高于NHT组同年龄的运动员。 相似文献
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为探讨桑拿蒸气浴对运动后血乳酸代谢的效果,三组运动员在运动后分别进行30min桑拿蒸汽浴、一般性的整理活动和静坐休息.结果提示:运动前、运动后即刻血乳酸没有明显的差异(p＜0.05),但在恢复30min后,一般整理活动组明显低于静坐休息组(p＜0.05),桑拿蒸汽浴组均明显低于一般整理活动组和静坐体息组(p＜0.05).结论:运动后进行适当桑拿蒸汽浴有利于血乳酸的代谢和体能的恢复. 相似文献
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对福建省游泳队10名游泳集训运动员进糟水威强化训练,为期4周。将实验前后的50米自由泳成绩进行统计分析,发现实验后的成绩明显优于实验前的成绩。将数据结果与实验干扰因素综合分析后扒为,水感强化训练对提高游泳运动员的成绩有显著作用。 相似文献
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通过对47名13～17岁不同项目的少年运动员，分组(中药组、西药组)定人(实验、对照)，对两组实验分别使用一个月(小周期)的中、西药营养补剂。用药全过程，经过运动员填写《自我感觉反馈表》和按计划进行身体素质、生理生化三类指标二十七次测试与监控，比较结果，分析发现：小周期使用后，中药抗疲劳效果较明显，其中小年龄运动员用药效果更显；西药增力效果非常显，大年龄运动员用药效果明显。中药对运动员血红蛋白提高、运动后排汗量控制和维持心功能正常值效果显；西药对运动更大肌肉群增力效果显，但停药后一周原增值消失，有较强的依赖性。另发现，西药对心脏心肌力量增强有特殊作用，尤其心脏原强型运动员，药效高峰期。心脏功能有整体表现增强的良好态势。依据使用反馈与监控结果，建议：应依据教练员训练周期与赛季安排，采取中西药结合、分阶段使用的原则，中药打基础，西药促提高；用药不间断的前提是保证经费的足额投入和建立专业工作室，由专业人员负责重点运动员的补荆药品使用，监控和恢复手段的实施与指导；用药范围应量力围绕金牌运动更使用，以保证效果和重点运动员成绩的稳步提高，同时实践证明，运动员能否按时用药、积极配合并及时反馈信息，将直接影响用药效果。 相似文献
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通过文献资料、实地观察、专家访谈和比较分析等方法对全国26个开展赛艇、皮划艇和激流回旋等水上运动项目的省级高水平训练基地冷热疗系统情况进行调查和分析,结果表明:全国水上运动高水平训练基地冷热疗系统分为桑拿房、冷水池、冷疗房、冷热水浴池4种,分别占全国40%、12%、4%和4%。目前有50%的桑拿房能在冬训期间正常使用,50%的桑拿房关闭,其他3种系统因维修成本高、使用率低等原因停用。分析导致这种现状的原因,提出对加强运动员和教练员疲劳恢复认识,提高冷疗系统使用率的建议。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of cryotherapy on lower extremity running biomechanics. Twenty-six healthy male volunteers were randomised into two intervention groups: cold water (cold water at ~11°C) or tepid water (tepid water at ~26°C). They were required to run at 4.0 ± 0.2 m · s?1 before and after they underwent water immersion for 20 min. Differences between pre- and post-intervention were used to compare the influence of water intervention during running. Peak joint angles, peak joint moments, peak ground reaction forces (GRF) and contact time (CT) were calculated using three-dimensional gait analysis. Independent t-tests were applied with a significant alpha level set at 0.05. Decreased peak propulsive and vertical GRF, decreased plantarflexion moments, increased hip flexion angle and longer CT were observed following cold water immersion. Although cold water immersion (cryotherapy) affected the running movement, none of the alterations have been related to running biomechanical patterns associated with injuries. Therefore, our results indicated that cold water immersion appears safe prior to running activities. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single session of cold or thermoneutral water immersion after a one-off match on muscular dysfunction and damage in soccer players. Twenty-male soccer players completed one match and were randomly divided into cryotherapy (10 min cold water immersion, 10°C, n = 10) and thermoneutral (10 min thermoneutral water immersion, 35°C, n = 10) groups. Muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammation (C-reactive protein), neuromuscular function (jump and sprint abilities and maximal isometric quadriceps strength), and delayed-onset muscle soreness were evaluated before, within 30 min of the end, and 24 and 48 h after the match. After the match, the players in both groups showed increased plasma creatine kinase activity (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min) and C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h) concentrations. Peak jump ability and maximal strength were decreased and delayed-onset muscle soreness increased in both groups. However, differential alterations were observed between thermoneutral water and cold water immersion groups in creatine kinase (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), myoglobin (30 min), C-reactive protein (30 min, 24 h, 48 h), quadriceps strength (24 h), and quadriceps (24 h), calf (24 h) and adductor (30 min) delayed-onset muscle soreness. The results suggest that cold water immersion immediately after a one-off soccer match reduces muscle damage and discomfort, possibly contributing to a faster recovery of neuromuscular function. 相似文献
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To assess the effect of cold water immersion and active recovery on thermoregulation and repeat cycling performance in the heat, ten well-trained male cyclists completed five trials, each separated by one week. Each trial consisted of a 30-min exercise task, one of five 15-min recoveries (intermittent cold water immersion in 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C water, continuous cold water immersion in 20 degrees C water or active recovery), followed by 40 min passive recovery, before repeating the 30-min exercise task. Recovery strategy effectiveness was assessed via changes in total work in the second exercise task compared with that in the first. Following active recovery, a mean 4.1% (s = 1.8) less total work (P = 0.00) was completed in the second than in the first exercise task. However, no significant differences in total work were observed between any of the cold water immersion protocols. Core and skin temperature, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of thermal sensation, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded. During both exercise tasks there were no significant differences in blood lactate concentration between interventions; however, following active recovery blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05; 2.0 +/- 0.8 mmol . l(-1)) compared with all cold water immersion protocols. All cold water immersion protocols were effective in reducing thermal strain and were more effective in maintaining subsequent high-intensity cycling performance than active recovery. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cryotherapy, in the form of cold water immersion, on knee joint position sense. Fourteen healthy volunteers, with no previous knee injury or pre-existing clinical condition, participated in this randomized cross-over trial. The intervention consisted of a 30-min immersion, to the level of the umbilicus, in either cold (14 ± 1 °C) or tepid water (28 ± 1 °C). Approximately one week later, in a randomized fashion, the volunteers completed the remaining immersion. Active ipsilateral limb repositioning sense of the right knee was measured, using weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing assessments, employing video-recorded 3D motion analysis. These assessments were conducted immediately before and after a cold and tepid water immersion. No significant differences were found between treatments for the absolute (P = 0.29), relative (P = 0.21) or variable error (P = 0.86). The average effect size of the outcome measures was modest (range -0.49 to 0.9) and all the associated 95% confidence intervals for these effect sizes crossed zero. These results indicate that there is no evidence of an enhanced risk of injury, following a return to sporting activity, after cold water immersion. 相似文献
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Abstract To assess the effect of cold water immersion and active recovery on thermoregulation and repeat cycling performance in the heat, ten well-trained male cyclists completed five trials, each separated by one week. Each trial consisted of a 30-min exercise task, one of five 15-min recoveries (intermittent cold water immersion in 10°C, 15°C and 20°C water, continuous cold water immersion in 20°C water or active recovery), followed by 40 min passive recovery, before repeating the 30-min exercise task. Recovery strategy effectiveness was assessed via changes in total work in the second exercise task compared with that in the first. Following active recovery, a mean 4.1% (s = 1.8) less total work (P = 0.00) was completed in the second than in the first exercise task. However, no significant differences in total work were observed between any of the cold water immersion protocols. Core and skin temperature, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of thermal sensation, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded. During both exercise tasks there were no significant differences in blood lactate concentration between interventions; however, following active recovery blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05; 2.0 ± 0.8 mmol · l?1) compared with all cold water immersion protocols. All cold water immersion protocols were effective in reducing thermal strain and were more effective in maintaining subsequent high-intensity cycling performance than active recovery. 相似文献
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Effect of post-match cold-water immersion on subsequent match running performance in junior soccer players during tournament play 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In this study, we investigated the effects of two hydrotherapy interventions on match running performance and perceptual measures of fatigue and recovery during a 4-day soccer tournament. Twenty male junior soccer players were assigned to one of two treatment groups and undertook either cold-water immersion (5 × 1 min at 10 °C) or thermoneutral water immersion (5 × 1 min at 34 °C) after each match. High-intensity running distance (>15 km · h?1) and total distance covered, time spent in low (<80% maximum heart rate), moderate (80-90% maximum heart rate), and high (>90% maximum heart rate) heart rate zones, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each match. Perceptions of general fatigue and leg soreness were recorded approximately 22 h after each match. There were decreases in both groups across the 4-day tournament for high-intensity running distance (P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.63), total distance run (P < 0.001, d = 0.90), time in high heart rate zone (P = 0.003, d = 0.90), and match RPE (P = 0.012, d = 0.52). Cold-water immersion was more effective than thermoneutral immersion for reducing the perception of leg soreness (P = 0.004, d = -0.92) and general fatigue (P = 0.007, d = -0.91), ameliorating the decrement in total distance run (P = 0.001, d = 0.55), and maintaining time in the moderate heart rate zone (P = 0.01, d = 1.06). In conclusion, cold-water immersion mediates the perceptions of fatigue and recovery and enhances the restoration of some match-related performance measures during a 4-day tournament. 相似文献
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Montgomery PG Pyne DB Hopkins WG Dorman JC Cook K Minahan CL 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(11):1135-1145
To evaluate the effectiveness of recovery strategies on physical performance during a 3-day tournament style basketball competition, 29 male players (mean age 19.1 years, s= 2.1; height 1.84 m, s= 0.34; body mass 88.5 kg, s= 14.7) were assigned to one of three treatment groups: carbohydrate+stretching (7.7 g kg(-1) day(-1), s= 1.7; 'n = 9), cold water immersion (11 degrees C, 5 x 1; n = 10) or full leg compression garments (18 mmHg, approximately 18 h; n = 10). Effects of the recovery strategies on pre-post tournament performance tests were expressed as the mean change (% +/- standard deviation of the change score). Changes and differences were standardized for accumulated game time, assessed against the smallest worthwhile change for each test, and reported qualitatively. Accumulated fatigue was evident over the tournament with small to moderate impairments in performance tests. Sprint and agility performance decreased by 0.7% (s = 1.3) and 2.0% (s = 1.9) respectively. Vertical jump decreased substantially after the first day for all treatments, and remained suppressed post-tournament. Cold water immersion was substantially better in maintaining 20-m acceleration with only a 0.5% (s = 1.4) reduction in 20-m time after 3 days compared with a 3.2% (s = 1.6) reduction for compression. Cold water immersion (-1.4%, s = 1.7) and compression (-1.5%, s = 1.7) showed similar substantial benefits in maintaining line-drill performance over the tournament, whereas carbohydrate+stretching elicited a 0.4% (s =1.8) reduction. Sit-and-reach flexibility decreased for all groups, although cold water immersion resulted in the smallest reduction in flexibility. Basketball tournament play elicited small to moderate impairments in physical test performance. In conclusion, cold water immersion appears to promote better restoration of physical performance measures than carbohydrate + stretching routines and compression garments. 相似文献
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Buchheit M Horobeanu C Mendez-Villanueva A Simpson BM Bourdon PC 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(6):591-598
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of age and spa treatment (i.e. combined sauna, cold water immersion, and jacuzzi) on match running performance over two consecutive matches in highly trained young soccer players. Fifteen pre- (age 12.8 ± 0.6 years) and 13 post- (15.9 ± 1 y) peak height velocity (PHV) players played two matches (Matches 1 and 2) within 48 h against the same opposition, with no specific between-match recovery intervention (control). Five post-PHV players also completed another set of two consecutive matches, with spa treatment implemented after the first match. Match running performance was assessed using a global positioning system with very-high-intensity running (> 16.1-19.0 km · h(-1)), sprinting distance (>19 km · h(-1)), and peak match speed determined. Match 2 very-high-intensity running was "possibly" impaired in post-PHV players (-9 ± 33%; ± 90% confidence limits), whereas it was "very likely" improved for the pre-PHV players (+27 ± 22%). The spa treatment had a beneficial impact on Match 2 running performance, with a "likely" rating for sprinting distance (+30 ± 67%) and "almost certain" for peak match speed (+6.4 ± 3%). The results suggest that spa treatment is an effective recovery intervention for post-PHV players, while its value in pre-PHV players is questionable. 相似文献
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应用CF-Ⅳ型心血管功能检测仪,对24名优秀的少儿男女游泳运动员(男12名、女12名)以及12名普通男少儿,在安静及100W功率自行车运动后即刻心血管功能指标进行测试。结果发现:安静及100W负荷时,运动员心率(HR)都低于非运动员(P<0.05),而每搏输出量(SV)以及100W负荷时的收缩压(SBP)却高于非运动员(P<0.05);心输出量(CO)的相对值及血乳酸(BLA)在100W负荷时运动员的上升幅度较小(P<0.05及P<0.01)。男女运动员相比,心血管功能各指标间无显著性差异。结果显示了少儿游泳运动员心血管功能的提高以及机体供能的节省化。 相似文献