共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 338 毫秒
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体力活动水平与健康之间存在着剂量反应,如何准确测量体力活动水平是研究人员关心的问题。本文总结分析了行为观察法、双标水法、体力活动问卷、心率、运动传感器等体力活动测量方法各自的优点与不足,为开展中国人体力活动研究提供参考。 相似文献
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本文采用文献资料法对国外青少年体力活动干预研究中的干预现状、测量方法及性别差异干预三个方面进行综述。经过文献总结分析发现,近年来国外青少年体力活动干预研究大多数是通过学校环境、建筑环境、网络手段进行干预,在青少年体力活动的测量方法选择上以加速计测量法为主、呈现出多种测量方法混合使用之趋势,缺乏对青少年体力活动干预性别差异的影响进行更加深入的探讨。在此基础上,对未来青少年体力活动的干预、测量方法、体力活动干预中性别差异的影响提出了展望,以期人们更加全面了解关于青少年体力活动干预的相关问题,同时也为有效改善我国青少年体力活动现状提供相关参考。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法,对儿童青少年自主性身体活动国外研究的区域分布、测量和统计方法、参与影响因素、干预情况等进行系统梳理。结果显示：英国是儿童青少年自主性身体活动研究最多的国家/地区;调查法（问卷、访谈、自我报告）和测试法为常用研究方法;研究主要聚焦在肥胖关系、久坐行为、场地设备和影响因素（运动环境感知情况、父母受教育程度等）4个方面。结合中国实际情况建议：在儿童青少年身体活动报告基础上关注自主性身体活动的健康效益;倡导融合自主性身体活动研究手段,注重客观测试方法的使用;探究家庭、学校、社区多元主体干预实践。 相似文献
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身体活动与健康促进是体育科学与公共卫生的重要研究领域。一些研究孤立地探讨了身体活动、久坐和睡眠与各种健康结局的关系,然而,在有限的24 h内,不同行为活动时间相互依赖。近年来,有学者提出采用等时替代策略,通过各活动行为时间使用的重新分配,寻找使健康收益最大化的最佳时间分配方式。梳理当前等时替代模型在身体活动研究中的发展概况,阐述传统（即非成分）等时替代模型和成分等时替代模型理论,并进行实例分析。基于此,为体育科学和公共卫生研究者提供新思路和方法,推动等时替代模型在身体活动和健康研究领域中的应用。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2020,(7):615-620
目的探讨国外社区建成环境对儿童青少年身体活动的影响,以求对国内社区建成环境的完善提供借鉴,为国内儿童青少年身体活动营造更好的发展环境。方法采用系统文献综述法,在Spriner Link、 PubMed和Web of science等电子文献数据库中进行文献检索,根据纳入标准和排除标准筛选出14篇关于社区建成环境和身体活动的相关文献开展综述研究。结果社区建成环境特征中,土地混合利用、街道连通性、街道大小、交通安全、目的地可及性对促进儿童青少年身体活动有积极影响;而安全(照明差、路面裂痕)、景观性(社区美学,卫生问题)与交通环境(减速带少、车流量大)等则对儿童青少年身体活动有阻碍作用。结论不同国家所具备的研究背景、研究设计和测量工具等的多样性都会在不同程度上导致研究结果出现差异。这项研究发现可以为实践者和研究者提供参考,使他们能够在不同的环境下对促进或阻碍儿童青少年身体活动水平的社区建成因素做出合理的决定。 相似文献
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对评价大学生身体成分方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究在校大学生身体成分测量的最佳方法,采用皮褶法、生物电阻抗法(BAI)、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)和身高标准体重法,分别对随机抽取的220名大学生进行身体成分测试,并进行相关分析。结果发现:1.BAI、皮褶法、BMI和WHR可用来测量和评价大学生的身体成分,但其准确性依次是BAI>皮褶法>BMI>WHR;2.《标准》中身高标准体重不能客观有效地评价身体成分,故建议选用体脂百分比。 相似文献
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体力活动测量方法综述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
总结分析了双标水法、间接热量测定法、体力活动问卷、心率表、运动传感器等体力活动测量方法各自的优点与不足,为开展中国人体力活动研究提供参考。 相似文献
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建成环境作为影响儿童青少年身体活动水平的重要因素之一,与其相关的核心成果在指导后续儿童青少年身体活动支持性建成环境研究,以及改善、优化儿童青少年个体的身体活动环境方面均具有重要价值。通过梳理全球儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域的核心成果,发现社区、学校、家庭的建成环境与儿童青少年个体的身体活动是全球儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域的研究热点。儿童保育机构与不同国家农村地区儿童青少年支持性身体活动建成环境的构建、评估与优化,以及如何利用建成环境对残疾、超重、肥胖等弱势儿童青少年个体进行身体活动干预,将是未来儿童青少年身体活动建成环境领域相关研究者的首要关注点。我国儿童青少年身体活动建成环境的理论研究与实践干预主要体现在:不同场域建成环境与身体活动水平的关联性分析,国外身体活动指南与评价标准、体系的系统阐释,量化探讨建成环境对身体活动水平的影响,以及如何构建与完善身体活动健康促进框架体系。通过分析国内、外儿童青少年身体活动建成环境的相关成果,结合我国实际情况,尝试从研究方法、研究设计、测量指标与试验控制等维度,提出未来我国儿童青少年身体活动建成环境研究的优化策略。 相似文献
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身体活动与健康促进是公共卫生及运动科学领域研究的重点方向之一。个体一日24 h由睡眠、久坐及各种强度的身体活动组成,已有研究多从单一维度探讨这些行为对健康的影响,忽视了身体活动、久坐、睡眠等行为之间的内在联系及对健康结果的综合影响,可能使相应行为与健康效应间的关联产生偏差。时间使用流行病学研究方法的引入克服了这一不足。以“时间分配”作为切入点,综述国际学术界关于身体活动、久坐和睡眠行为对健康影响的研究现状,并系统阐述了等时替代研究方法、活动-平衡模型、时间使用流行病学的发展及其研究框架。基于此,展望了时间使用流行病学相关理论在身体活动研究领域的应用前景:1、开发新式测量工具并完善数据收集和分析方法;2、建立有关时间使用模式的综合评价体系;3、制订我国大众人群的活动-平衡时间分配推荐指南方案。 相似文献
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新冠肺炎疫情的肆虐让人类意识到健康的重要性,如何鼓励公民参与体力活动从而提高其健康水平,成为了多部门、多学科关注的热点问题。基于体育学科,围绕体育建成环境与体力活动的关系,回顾国内外文献,得出设计特征、土地利用类型、空间承载要素是影响体力活动参与和健康水平的重要因素。在此基础上,从研究背景与视角、研究内容、指标测量方法3方面阐述未来研究的具体思路。未来研究应重点选取工作人群进行探索性研究,以动态地理背景单元为研究视角,重点关注物理环境与人文环境对不同类型人群体力活动的影响机制,并采用主客观相结合的方法对指标进行测量。 相似文献
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Russell R. Pate Dianne S. Ward Jennifer R. O'Neill Marsha Dowda 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):265-270
Little is known about population-level contributions of school physical education to overall physical activity (PA) in youth. Because PA levels are lower in girls than boys, it is particularly important that the effects of PE programs in adolescent girls be understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the association of enrollment in physical education and overall physical activity participation in adolescent girls. A measurement protocol was administered to cross-sectional samples of 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade girls participating in a school-based PA intervention study (1998–2003). PA was assessed with the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall. Three-way analyses of variance were performed to compare groups formed on the basis of physical education enrollment. For each grade group of girls, those who were enrolled in physical education reported more moderate-to-vigorous PA and more vigorous PA than nonenrolled girls. When activity in physical education classes was deleted, 8th-and 9th-grade physical education enrollees were not more active than nonenrollees; however, 12th-grade physical education enrollees remained more active than nonenrollees. Girls who were enrolled in physical education were more physically active than nonenrolled girls in all three grade levels. These findings suggest that expanded enrollment in physical education may increase American adolescent girls' PA level. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Mackay Grant M. Schofield Philip J. Schluter 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):189-196
Abstract Accurate measurement of physical activity is fundamentally important in epidemiological research of physical activity behavior. A widely used telephone-based physical activity questionnaire was compared with other methods of administration and objective measures (pedometers and accelerometers) among 80 adults (43 women). The telephone questionnaire was comparable to both the self-administered form and international telephone-administered equivalent. Although moderate correlation coefficients with objective measures supported the use of the questionnaire, wide prediction intervals generated using Bland Altman methods highlighted large discrepancies between the measures, particularly in the moderate intensity category. These findings illustrate the limitations of correlation coefficients in validation studies and the inaccuracy of self-report questionnaires in measuring physical activity. 相似文献
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Mark R. D. Johnson 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):51-70
There is clear evidence of inequalities in the health status of minority ethnic groups in Britain. This includes a number of conditions which may be alleviated or prevented through increased levels of physical exercise. Other research has shown lower levels of activity and raised body mass among Asian groups. There remains some scope for argument about the reasons for these differences. It is, for example, suggested that health education materials are poorly targeted at South Asian communities, or that certain cultures discourage involvement in recreational physical activities. It is known that both motivation and self-image are important to physical activity behaviour, from school age upwards. A lifestyle survey sponsored by the Health Education Authority, and qualitative research, provide an opportunity to examine the degree to which there are distinctive 'ethnic' barriers to exercise or other healthy physical activity amongst communities of South Asian origin living in England. While there are many similarities with the reasons given by members of the white population for 'not exercising', there are some subtle differences between communities, and a number of issues which appear to be specific to the minority populations. Some are particular to a religion, gender or generation. Attention to these, including questions of modesty, gender segregation, and safety, would improve the accessibility of recreational activities to this target group. At the same time, it is clear that individuals from these communities are well informed and well motivated, and do take advantage of local facilities when they can. The question of both institutional and personal racism cannot be excluded from a strategy for promoting healthy physical activity; equally, it is important to pay attention to the characteristics of particular communities to gain their confidence. A 'colour-blind' or homogenous approach may be counterproductive. 相似文献
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Catherine D. Ennis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):241-250
For many years, pedagogical scholars and physical education (PE) teachers have worked to enhance effective teaching and learning environments. Yet for some children, youth, and young adults, many of the benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle remain elusive. Enhancing programming and performance to meet physical activity goals may require moving programs beyond “effective.” It will require teachers and program leaders to focus programmatic attention on strategies to actually increase students’ out-of-class physical activity behavior. Transformative PE provides physical activity content within a nurturing and motivating environment that can change students’ lives. It focuses on PE students’ role in cognitive decision making, self-motivation, and their search for personal meaning that can add connection and relevance to physical activities. In this SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Lecture, I have synthesized the research on these topics to emphasize useful findings applicable to teachers’ everyday planning and teaching. Using sport, physical activity, dance, and adventure activities as the means to an end for personal and social growth, we can meet our commitment to effective standards-based education while preparing students for a lifetime of physical activity. 相似文献
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综合实践活动课程中的体育内容设计与实施,离不开教师的组织、引导和监督,同时又要给学生充分自主活动的权力,发挥其观察力,想象力和创造力等。加强综合实践活动课程中的体育内容实施,是满足学生现实生活的需要、适应未来社会发展的需要和树立终身体育意识的需要。 相似文献