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1.
目的：研究高温高湿环境下运动时补液对有氧耐力的影响。方法：随机选取吉林体育学院运动训练专业学生30名，年龄、身高、体重、肺活量、VO2max等指标均无差异，分为常温常湿组、高温高湿组、高温高湿补液组，测试实验过程中的心率（HR）、肌氧含量的变化、运动持续的时间以及恢复时间。结果：对高温高湿环境下运动进行补液干预，发现与高温高湿组相比，补液组体温、HR相对较低，肌氧饱和度下降幅度小，运动持续时间延长、恢复时间缩短。补液可以提高高温高湿环境下有氧运动的能力。 相似文献
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目的:研究肌酸补剂对小鼠运动能力的影响及其机制.方法:昆明种雄性小鼠60只(15～17g),分为对照组(control group,CG)和肌酸补充组(3.0g/kg体重,creatine supplemented group,SG),每组30只.2周后,分别于运动前、定量负荷运动(负5%体重,游5min)后和力竭运动(负18%体重)后取材.石蜡切片HE染色统计肌纤维横截面积;测定血乳酸和肌乳酸、肝糖原和肌糖原及腓肠肌和血清中的肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶.结果:肌酸补充组小鼠游泳至力竭时间显著高于对照组(P<0.01);定量负荷运动后,肌酸补充组血乳酸和肌乳酸增加幅度显著低于对照组;运动后肌酸补充组血清CK和LDH含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);运动前肌酸补充组肝糖原含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论:肌酸补剂能减少运动小鼠血液和肌肉中乳酸堆积,有助于保护肌细胞膜的完整性,肌酸补充还可增加糖原贮备,从而延长小鼠游泳至力竭时间. 相似文献
3.
低氧训练中糖-电解质饮料补充对机体水平衡及运动能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究低氧训练中补充糖-电解质饮料对机体水平衡及运动能力的影响.7名健康体育学院学生参与实验,在常氧或低氧(低氧帐篷,氧体积分数15.4%)下以70%VO2max负荷运动至力竭,运动中不补液或补充佳得乐运动饮料.结果显示,机体在低氧或常氧环境下进行一次性力竭运动后均出现体重下降、血清渗透压升高等脱水现象,运动中补充糖-电解质饮料可明显改善脱水情况,恢复机体水平衡.低氧环境下与常氧下绝对强度相同的运动负荷相对增大,运动中心率明显增加,运动时间明显缩短,但在补液干预下心率反应明显降低,运动时间明显延长.低氧环境下运动机体乳酸积聚的速度加快,补液可使运动后的血乳酸值显著性降低.实验结果提示,低氧训练中适时补充糖-电解质饮料可有效防止体液丢失,并有利于维持心率和消除乳酸,提高机体的运动能力,促进恢复. 相似文献
4.
目的探讨预冷干预对高温高湿环境下女大学生运动能力的影响。方法以15名女大学生为实验对象,采用自身对照的方法,对受试者进行预冷干预,在高温高湿环境下做递增负荷运动,利用近红外光谱技术连续监测脑氧饱和度和肌氧饱和度,同时监测心率(HR)、体表温度(T)、运动总路程(S)、消耗能量(E)、主观体力等级(RPE)指标。结果预冷干预对高温高湿环境中的T、HR、RPE、S、E等有显著性影响(P<0.05);而对脑氧饱和度和肌氧饱和度的影响没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论高温高湿环境下运动时,预冷干预可以显著降低运动前的T和HR,使运动过程中T和HR升高的速率变缓;高温高湿环境中预冷干预可以减轻受试者的主观疲劳程度;预冷干预对高温高湿环境运动时脑氧饱和度和肌氧饱和度的变化并没有影响;预冷干预可显著提高高温高湿环境下女大学生的运动能力。 相似文献
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补充丙酮酸肌酸、肌酸和肉碱对运动员身体成分及运动能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:观察运动员在系统训练过程中服用丙酮酸肌酸、肌酸和肉碱时身体成分及运动能力的不同影响.方法:36名国家青年篮球队退动员,随机分为安慰剂组、丙酮酸肌酸组、肌酸组和肉碱组.正常训练同时持续6周服用营养补剂和安慰剂,实验前、后进行身体成分测试和运动能力测试.结果:在系统训练中使用丙酮酸肌酸可以明显减少运动员的脂肪,降低体脂百分数;能够明显增加运动员肌肉重量和去脂体重;明显提高运动员运动能力.男运动员在系统训练中使用肌酸和丙酮酸肌酸,可以减少身体脂肪,但使用丙酮酸肌酸减少脂肪的幅度更大;同时,使用丙酮酸肌酸还能够明显增加肌肉重量;在系统训练中使用丙酮酸肌酸比肌酸更能提高运动能力且没有副反应.女运动员在训练中使用肉碱和丙酮酸肌酸均能减少身体脂肪、提高运动能力,丙酮酸肌酸的效果更明显.结论:在系统训练中使用丙酮酸肌酸比肌酸和肉碱更能减少运动员身体脂肪、增加肌肉重量,提高运动能力. 相似文献
6.
利用近红外光谱技术监测等速肌力测试过程中肌氧饱和度的变化特征,以期探讨肌氧饱和度与局部肌肉耐力之间的关系。采用等速肌力测试,以北京国安三线10名足球运动员为研究对象,采用20次240°/s的膝关节屈伸运动方案,同时用近红外光谱技术实时、连续监测运动中股外肌的氧饱和度变化。结果:肌氧饱和度下降幅度与做功下降率之间存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
7.
应用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)测定肌肉递增强度工作时肌氧含量变化与最大摄氧量和无氧阈指标之间的关系;分析肌氧拐点与无氧阈拐点产生的机制及在测定最大有氧能力中的作用。方法:受试者17名按运动水平分为A、B两组在功率自行车上以逐级递增负荷蹬车,测定右股外侧肌肌氧含量并同步测量VE、VCO2、VO2、HR,并在每级负荷末测定血乳酸。结果:研究发现递增负荷运动时肌氧含量呈台阶状下降,负荷较低时,肌氧在负荷开始阶段迅速下降之后保持平衡或升高,负荷较高时肌氧持续下降,肌氧的变化与血容量相吻合。肌氧含量与摄氧量、心率及血乳酸等值高度相关(P<0.01)。肌氧下降时出现拐点与乳酸阈、通气阈拐点基本一致。结论:研究表明NIRS测定动态肌肉收缩时肌氧含量变化对运动强度具有较高敏感性;肌氧拐点与通气无氧阈、心率无氧阈、乳酸阈在时间和强度上相一致,表明肌氧含量的测定可以用于人体最大有氧能力的评定。 相似文献
8.
目的:研究递增静力性收缩中,反映局部肌肉氧供平衡被打破的肌氧拐点(阈)的存在性及肌氧变化与肌电活动变化、心率变化之间的联系.方法:对递增等长伸膝运动中股外侧肌处近红外肌氧、表面肌电变化及心率变化过程进行监测和分析.结果:递增等长伸膝运动中肌氧氧指标(OI)变化过程存在拐点现象,并且OI肌电均方根值(sEMGrms)、心率(HR)3种生理参数之间呈现显著相关性(r2＞0.951,P＜0.001).另外,sEMGrms及HR的上升变化过程也存在拐点现象,而且肌氧拐点(OIBp,46.4±2.1 (SE) ％MVC)、肌电拐点(EMGBp,50.8±1.9 ％MVC)和心率拐点(HRBp)三者之间没有显著差别(P＞0.05).结论:递增静力性收缩运动中也存在肌氧拐点现象,而且肌氧拐点的出现与肌电幅值及心率的急剧增加密切相关. 相似文献
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足球运动员补充碳水化合物、肌酸后生化指标变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
足球运动是一项大强度、高对抗的激烈运动 ,在比赛中要求运动员反复冲刺 ,如何提高运动员的磷酸原贮备是提高运动员反复冲刺能力的关键。观察和比较单独补充肌酸或碳水化合物以及二者同时服用对于运动员的冲刺能力、血糖、血清BUN、血清胰岛素浓度的影响 ,结果表明 :1.补充肌酸和肌酸一低聚糖复合液可以明显提高运动员的反复冲刺能力 ;2 .补糖、补肌酸可以使由运动所造成的血尿素上升显著下降 ,但没有二者交互作用 ;3.补糖有利于维持血糖平衡 ,有利于长时间运动能力的保持。 相似文献
10.
目的:研究递增负荷运动后肌氧和血乳酸的恢复特点及特征性指标的关联性,探索恢复评价的有效指标与科学化手段.方法:14名赛艇轻量级运动员进行递增负荷运动试验,采用静止休息的方式恢复至安静状态.用近红外光谱术(NIRS)监测运动时及恢复期主动肌氧含量的变化,提取肌氧恢复幅度(H)、半恢复时(TR),计算肌氧半恢复速率(RHbO2).在运动停止后即刻及恢复期测定血乳酸,找出峰值(Blamax)及峰值出现的时间(t)、恢复至30min时的血乳酸浓度(Bla30),计算乳酸清除速率(RBla).结果:肌氧含量与血乳酸的变化与氧化代谢水平和恢复程度相适应.肌氧半恢复速率RHbO2和血乳酸清除速率RBla存在显著的正相关(r=0.791,P＜0.01),回归方程存在显著意义.结论:肌氧和血乳酸的变化在内在机制上存在必然的联系,可以反映机体的恢复水平和氧化代谢能力.将RHbO2取代传统指标RBla应用于代谢能力和恢复评价具有可行性;NIRS为训练监控的科学化发展提供了有效的检测手段. 相似文献
11.
Apostolos S. Theodorou Carlton B. Cooke Roderick F. G. J. King Colin Hood Terry Denison Barney G. Wainwright 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):853-859
We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3 +/- 16.5 s before vs 43.7 +/- 16.3 s after supplementation; P ? 0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer term creatine supplementation or placebo,neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7 +/-13.5 s before vs 38.7 +/- 14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7 +/- 18.0 s before vs 48.7 +/- 18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group. 相似文献
12.
Theodorou AS Cooke CB King RF Hood C Denison T Wainwright BG Havenetidis K 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(11):853-859
We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3+/-16.5 s before vs. 43.7+/-16.3 s after supplementation; P<0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer-term creatine supplementation or placebo, neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7+/-13.5 s before vs. 38.7+/-14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7+/-18.0 s before vs. 48.7+/-18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group. 相似文献
13.
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether creatine ingested in combination with relatively small quantities of essential amino acids, simple sugars, and protein would stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as a large bolus of simple sugars. Seven young, healthy males underwent three randomized, 3-day experimental trials. Each day, 24-h urine collections were made, and on the second day participants received 5 g creatine + water (creatine trial), 5 g creatine + ～95 g dextrose (creatine + carbohydrate) or 5 g creatine + 14 g protein hydrolysate, 7 g leucine, 7 g phenylalanine, and 57 g dextrose (creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate) via naso-gastric tube at three equally spaced intervals. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals after the first and third naso-gastric bolus. After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P < 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P < 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials. Urinary creatine excretion was greater with creatine alone (P < 0.05) than with creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate. Administration of creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate can stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as when larger quantities of simple sugars are ingested. 相似文献
14.
AbstractThe ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing muscle creatine by supplementation are well-recognized. It appears that similar benefits to brain function and cognitive processing may also be achieved with creatine supplementation, however research in this area is more limited, and important knowledge gaps remain. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about the influence of creatine supplementation on brain function in healthy individuals. It appears that brain creatine is responsive to supplementation, however higher, or more prolonged dosing strategies than those typically used to increase muscle creatine, may be required to elicit an increase in brain creatine. The optimal dosing strategy to induce this response, is currently unknown, and there is an urgent need for studies investigating this. When considering the influence of supplementation strategies on cognitive processes, it appears that creatine is most likely to exert an influence in situations whereby cognitive processes are stressed, e.g. during sleep deprivation, experimental hypoxia, or during the performance of more complex, and thus more cognitively demanding tasks. Evidence exists indicating that increased brain creatine may be effective at reducing the severity of, or enhancing recovery from mild traumatic brain injury, however, only limited data in humans are available to verify this hypothesis, thus representing an exciting area for further research. 相似文献
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16.
非经常运动者运动后血清肌酸激酶的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
代天修 《武汉体育学院学报》2001,35(5):53-54
实验分析非经常运动者运动前后的血清肌酸激酶的变化,揭示出运动可使非经常运动者血清肌酸激酶升高3%,运动后18h血清肌酸激酶达最大值. 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):338-346
Abstract This study investigated the effects of acute caffeine ingestion following short-term creatine supplementation on an incremental cycling to exhaustion task. Twelve active males performed the task under three conditions: baseline condition (BASE, no ergogenic aid), creatine plus caffeine condition (CRE + CAF), and creatine with placebo condition (CRE + PLA). Following the establishment of BASE condition, participants were administered CRE + CAF (0.3 g·kg?1·day?1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg?1 of caffeine 1 h prior to testing) and CRE + PLA (0.3 g·kg?1·day?1 of creatine for 5 days followed by 6 mg·kg?1 of placebo 1 h prior to testing) in a double-blind, randomized crossover and counterbalancing protocol. No significant differences were observed in relative maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O2max) (51.7±5.5, 52.8±4.9 and 51.3±5.6 ml·kg?1·min?1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05) and absolute [Vdot]O2max (3.6±0.4, 3.7±0.4 and 3.5±0.5 l·min?1 for BASE, CRE + CAF and CRE + PLA, respectively; P>0.05). Blood samples indicated significantly higher blood lactate and glucose concentrations in the CRE + CAF among those in the BASE or CRE + PLA condition during the test (P<0.05). The time to exhaustion on a cycling ergometer was significantly longer for CRE + CAF (1087.2±123.9 s) compared with BASE (1009.2±86.0 s) or CRE + PLA (1040.3±96.1 s). This study indicated that a single dose of caffeine following short-term creatine supplementation did not hinder the creatine–caffeine interaction. In fact, it lengthened the time to exhaustion during an incremental maximum exercise test. However, this regime might lead to the accumulation of lactate in the blood. 相似文献
18.
磷酸肌酸在医学及运动中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作为高能磷化物的磷酸肌酸在医学领域中广泛应用于治疗心肌缺血和心肌梗死。目前已经证明，磷酸肌酸应用于体育运动中具有提高运动员的无氧耐力、促进运动期间肌肉微循环的改善和对细胞膜的保护作用。 相似文献
19.
血清肌酸激酶的运动训练负荷监控作用研究述评 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
综述了近年来有关肌酸激酶在运动训练过程中变化情况的研究.肌酸激酶（CK）是运动训练过程中变化比较敏感的指标之一,无论是大强度还是低强度的训练,都会使血清中肌酸激酶的活性产生不同程度的增高.在运动训练实践和运动生理生化研究中,血清肌酸激酶是评定训练负荷最敏感的指标之一,可以用来进行训练负荷的监控. 相似文献
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In this study, we examined the effect of creatine ingestion on muscle power output, muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis, inorganic phosphate and pH during repeated brief bouts of maximal exercise. Nine healthy males performed maximal plantar flexion before and after creatine ingestion (20 g x day(-1) for 6 days). The experimental protocol consisted of five 8 s bouts (bouts 1-5) interspersed with 30 s recovery, followed by bouts 6 (8 s) and 7 (16 s) separated by 1 and 2 min, respectively. Muscle phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and pH were estimated every 16 s by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. After creatine ingestion, muscle power output increased by approximately 5% (P< 0.05) from bouts 3 to 7 and muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis increased (P< 0.05) during 10 min recovery. The higher phosphocreatine concentration observed after only 30 s of recovery was accompanied by lower inorganic phosphate accumulation and higher pH. Strong correlations were found between exercise power restoration and the corresponding pre-exercise phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate concentrations and muscle pH after creatine ingestion. The better maintenance of muscle power output observed after creatine ingestion was attributed to a higher rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis, lower accumulation of inorganic phosphate and higher pH. 相似文献