共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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邱宝峰 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(2):27-28
本文运用测力板,对单个对象进行不同起跑姿势的起跑测试,主要根据压力板上的着地痕迹,确定步长,计算速度等参数,对不同起跑姿势起跑后前两步进行运动学方面的分析研究。本研究得出以下结论：在本实验条件下,给实验对象设计的五种蹲踞式起跑姿势中,第二种姿势最适合该运动员起跑,但不是运动员平时的习惯起跑姿势。 相似文献
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排球运动员下肢起跳肌群等速测试的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用Biodex等速测力系统对排球运动员进行了下肢3关节肌的力量测试,获得了在两种不同速度下的等动测试数据,并把所得数据与运动学拍摄的结果相结合进行了分析研究.结果显示运动员的弹跳能力与下肢起跳肌群等速测试的结果较为一致;下肢髋关节和膝关节起跳肌群肌肉力量和肌肉耐力对起跳能力有较大影响;功疲劳度可以作为评价运动员肌肉耐力素质的有效指标. 相似文献
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北京市男子体操队专项力量测评研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王庆伟 《西安体育学院学报》2004,21(1):77-80
为对吊环运动员专项力量的科学化训练提供理论依据,运用美国最新研制的CYBEX一6000型等动测力仪对北京市体操男队11名队员进行了肩关节的外展与内收、前屈与后伸及腰腹背屈伸肌力量的实验测试,对其各种力量素质发展水平做出分析与评价,并得出相应的优秀男子体操运动员各种力量素质的临界值。同时对11名队员进行了专项教学指标的测试,把教学指标参数分别与其实验测试的各种力量参数及运动员的比赛成绩进行了相关性分析,并得出优秀男子体操运动员有关专项教学指标的临界值。 相似文献
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侧高举腿立踵平衡动作生物力学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文运用一台高速摄影机、三维测力系统及等速测试系统（MERAC）对部分优秀艺术体操运动员的侧高举腿立踵平衡动作进行了有关运动生物力学指标的测试，并对20名不同等级水平的艺术体操运动员进行了下肢肌力方面的测试。 相似文献
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游泳出发技术生物力学测试系统,不仅能提供运动员出发技术的相关指标,而且能对不同出发技术效果进行综合诊断与评价。该系统由3部分组成:1)动力学测试系统,数据采集使用KISTLER9287C三维测力台,分别对X、Y、Z三个不同方向的力的数据进行采集;2)运动学测试系统,使用高速摄像机对运动员出发技术进行拍摄与解析;3)同步系统,用与测力台数据采集同步的声、光两种信号,对运动员出发和高速摄像机进行同步启动,为技术分析提供同步参考点。该测试系统不仅能够发现游泳运动员出发技术的运动学现象,还能够对运动员出发过程的用力过程进行揭示,并准确评价水下滑行阶段与途中游的衔接效果。 相似文献
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Effect of hand paddles and parachute on the index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
We investigated the effects of hand paddles and parachute on the relative duration of stroke phases and index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. Eleven male-swimmers (age: 21.9 ± 4.5 years; 50-m best time: 24.23 ± 0.75 s) were evaluated in four maximal-intensity conditions: without equipment, with hand paddles, with parachute, and with both hand paddles and parachute. Relative stroke phase duration of each arm, swimming velocity, and stroke rate were analysed from video (60 Hz). The index of coordination was quantified based on the lag time between propulsive phases of each arm, which defined the coordination mode as catch-up, opposition or superposition. The stroke rate decreased in all conditions (P < 0.05) and swimming velocity decreased with parachute and with paddles + parachutes (P < 0.05). The coordination mode changed from catch-up in free swimming (-2.3 ± 5.0%) to opposition with paddles (-0.2 ± 3.8%), parachute (0.1 ± 3.1%), and paddles + parachute (0.0 ± 3.2%). Despite these variations, no significant differences were observed in relative duration of right and left arm-stroke phases, or in index of coordination. We conclude that the external resistances analysed do not significantly influence stroke phase organization, but, as a chronic effect, may lead to greater propulsive continuity. 相似文献
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Pascal Hémon 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(3):189-197
We present a study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of sea kayak paddles without taking into account the kayaker. We focus on traditional paddles used in the Arctic, one from Greenland and one from the Aleutian Islands. A basic modern European paddle is included in the study for comparison. First the paddle stroke parameters specific to sea kayaking are identified because previous studies were devoted to a competition context. The hydrodynamic force generated by the blade motion is detailed: two terms are identified, one involving the inertia of the water surrounding the blade at the beginning of its motion, and the second term is the classical drag/lift force. Drag and lift force coefficients were measured in a wind tunnel. The data allow computation of the hydrodynamic force during a paddle stroke. The European paddle was shown to be more efficient than the traditional paddles because of its shorter length to width ratio which contributed to a larger inertia effect. However, the force obtained with the traditional paddles better follows the imposed motion by the kayaker so that they are more comfortable and less tiring in the context of long distance trips, as those practiced in sea kayaking. 相似文献
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Thiago Telles Renato Barroso Pedro Figueiredo Diego Fortes de Souza Salgueiro João Paulo Vilas-Boas Orival Andries Junior 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(9):906-911
Hand paddles and parachutes have been used in order to overload swimmers, and consequently increase the propulsive force generation in swimming. However, their use may affect not only kinematical parameters (average speed, stroke length and stroke rate), but also time gaps between propulsive phases, assessed through the index of coordination (IdC). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of hand paddles and parachute use, isolated or combined, on kinematical parameters and coordination. Eleven swimmers (backstroke 50-m time: 29.16 ± 1.43 s) performed four 15-m trials in a randomised order at maximal intensity: (1) without implements (FREE), (2) with hand paddles (HPD), (3) with parachute (PCH) and (4) with hand paddles plus parachute (HPD+PCH). All trials were video-recorded (60 Hz) in order to assess average speed, stroke rate, stroke length, five stroke phases and index of coordination. When average swimming speed was compared to FREE, it was lower in PCH and HPD+PCH, and higher in HPD. Stroke rate decreased in all overloaded trials compared to FREE. The use of hand paddles and parachute increased and decreased stroke length, respectively. In addition, propulsive phase duration was increased when hand paddles were used, and time gaps shifted towards zero (no time gap), especially when hand paddles were combined with parachute. It is conceivable that the combined use of hand paddles and parachute, once allowing overloading both propulsive and resistive forces, provides a specific stimulus to improve muscle strength and propulsive continuity. 相似文献
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Thiago Telles Renato Barroso Augusto Carvalho Barbosa Diego Fortes de Souza Salgueiro Emilson Colantonio Orival Andries Júnior 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(10):1084-1092
This study investigated the effects of hand paddles, parachute and hand paddles plus parachute on the inter-limb coordination of butterfly swimming. Thirteen male swimmers were evaluated in four random maximal intensity conditions: without equipment, with hand paddles, with parachute and with hand paddles + parachute. Arm and leg stroke phases were identified by 2D video analysis to calculate the total time gap (T1: time between hands’ entry in the water and high break-even point of the first undulation; T2: time between the beginning of the hand’s backward movement and low break-even point of the first undulation; T3: time between the hand’s arrival in a vertical plane to the shoulders and high break-even point of the second undulation; T4: time between the hand’s release from the water and low break-even point of the second undulation). The swimming velocity was reduced and T1, T2 and T3 increased in parachute and hand paddles + parachute. No changes were observed in T4. Total time gap decreased in parachute and hand paddles + parachute. It is concluded that hand paddles do not influence the arm-to-leg coordination in butterfly, while parachute and hand paddles + parachute do change it, providing a greater propulsive continuity. 相似文献
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采用问卷调查法和访问调查法调查访问了81名国家游泳队运动员和15名国家游泳队教练。结果发现：国家游泳队运动员肩痛患病率为39．5%,男女之间无显著性差异。肩痛患病率最高的是蝶泳运动员(63．6%),其次是自由泳和仰泳运动员,蛙泳运动员肩痛患病率最低(31．3%)：水上训练手段中,短距离高强度戴划手掌训练、长距离中低强度戴划手掌训练和水上铁片牵引训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为46．7%、25%和18．2%)；陆上训练手段中,铁片拉力训练、卧推练习和等动拉力训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为43：8%、36．7%和19．4%)。陆上铁片拉力训练时采用高肘技术、抓水时早发力早加速后划技术和陆上铁片拉力训练时后划到底技术是前3位对国家游泳队运动员肩痛有影响的技术动作(明显影响率分别为60%、40%和33．3%)。 相似文献
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Augusto C. Barbosa Thiago H. N. Ferreira Leonardo V. Leis Vassilios Gourgoulis Renato Barroso 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):511-517
ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of a 4-week training with hand paddles (HPD) on front-crawl swimming performance (SP), clean swimming speed (SPEED), stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and tethered force (TF). Twenty swimmers (10 men and 10 women) were paired according to performance and gender, and were randomly assigned to control (CON, 22.4 ± 2.3 years) or HPD (21.8 ± 1.9 years) groups. During 4 weeks both groups performed the same training, except for a sprint training set (3 times/week, 10 × 10 strokes all-out, 1-min rest) completed with (HPD = 320 cm2) and without (CON) paddles. Afterwards, both groups performed the same training over a 2-week taper period. SP, SPEED, SR, SL and TF were assessed before (PRE) and after the 4-week period (POST), after the first (T1) and second taper weeks (T2). Swimmers rated their perceived exertion for the sprint training set (RPETS) and the training session for determining internal training load (ITL). SP, SPEED, SR, SL and TF did not change from PRE to POST, T1 and T2. ITL and RPETS were not different between groups. Training 4 weeks with HPD does not affect swimming performance, so the use of HPD remains unsupported in such period. 相似文献
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Acute responses of biomechanical parameters to different sizes of hand paddles in front-crawl stroke
Augusto Carvalho Barbosa Flávio De Souza Castro Milivoj Dopsaj Sérgio Augusto Cunha Orival Andries Júnior 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):1015-1023
Abstract This study investigated the acute effects of different sizes of paddles on the force-time curve during tethered swimming and swimming velocity in front-crawl stroke. Fourteen male swimmers (20.0 ± 3.7 years; 100-m best time: 53.70 ± 0.87 s) performed two 10-s maximal efforts in tethered swimming to obtain peak force, average force, impulse, rate of force development, stroke duration and time to peak force. Swimming velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were obtained from two 25-m maximal swims. Both tests were repeated in five conditions: free swimming, wearing small (280 cm 2 ), medium (352 cm 2 ), large (462 cm 2 ) and extra-large (552 cm 2 ) hand paddles. Compared to free swimming, paddles provided significant increases of peak force (medium: 11.5%, large: 16.7%, extra-large: 21.7%), impulse (medium: 15.2%, large: 22.4%, extra-large: 30.9%), average force (medium: 5.1%, large: 7.5%), rate of force development (extra-large: 11.3%), stroke duration (medium: 9.3%, large: 11.8%, extra-large: 18.5%), time to peak force (medium: 11.1%, large: 15.9%, extra-large: 22.1%), swimming velocity (medium: 2.2%, large: 3.2%, extra-large: 3.7%) and stroke length (medium: 9.0%, large: 9.0%, extra-large: 14.8%), while stroke rate decreased (medium: –6.2%, large: –5.5%, extra-large: –9.5%). It is concluded that medium, large and extra-large paddles influence the force-time curve and change swimming velocity, suggesting these sizes may be useful for force development in water. 相似文献
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优秀皮划艇运动员的比赛策略研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分析了我国运动员孟关良、杨文军及国外优秀选手在奥运会的出色表现,发现优秀皮划艇运动员在比赛中多选择快速出发、中段匀速而经济地运动、最后一段增加桨频的比赛策略。 相似文献
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孔德志 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):65-66,69
龙舟运动作为中华民族传统体育项目在国内外竞技舞台上广泛传播,赋予了这一传统的民族娱乐活动更多的现代竞技体育与健身的内涵.龙舟运动赛事日趋国际化、规范化和科学化,对运动技术力量耐力的要求也越来越高.国内外高校对龙舟桨手队员力量耐力训练的发展正处于研究阶段,而根据龙舟运动员桨手相对力量耐力不同而进行浆位安排以及对船速产生影响方面尚属创新阶段.本课题目的在于为聊大龙舟队桨手力量耐力训练提供可参考的实践资料和理论支持,提高聊城大学龙舟队竞技水平,为聊城大学龙舟队在国内外比赛中获得更好的成绩打下理论和实践基础. 相似文献
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Overney LS Michaud V Fischer C Heubi J Veldhuis L Blanke O Herzog MH Månson JA 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1451-1458
Wooden racket paddles were modified with rubber and carbon fibre laminates and their differences tested in terms of flexural, damping, and coefficient of restitution properties. Four rackets types were designed: a wood reference, wood with rubber, carbon fibre 0°, and carbon fibre 90°. Seven expert and eight intermediate tennis players tested the rackets. To determine which of the four rackets suited the players best, we asked the players to compare the rackets two by two. After each pair tested, participants had to fill out a 4-item questionnaire in which different aspects of the rackets' performance were judged. The most preferred racket was the 0° carbon fibre racket, followed by the 90° carbon fibre racket, the wood racket and, finally, the 1-mm rubber racket. Thus, rackets with the highest stiffness, least damping, and highest coefficient of restitution were the most preferred. Interestingly, although experts and intermediate players overall judged the rackets in very similar ways according to force, vibration, and control, they were sensitive to quite different physical characteristics of the rackets. 相似文献