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1.
目的观察递增负荷运动造成免疫功能下降过程中生长抑素(SST)和生长抑素1型受体(SSTR-1)的应答和适应变化特征,探讨其可能机理。方法 120只SD雄性大鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,又依据取样时间的不同分为15小组,建立递增负荷训练模型。分别于第0、2、4、6周末的运动前安静状态、运动后即刻和运动后3 h,将大鼠全身灌流固定后取脑及垂体,冠状位连续石蜡切片后免疫组织化学染色,所得图像使用Image-Pro Plus6.0图像分析软件分析。结果 (1)下丘脑中SST主要分布在3V旁室周核的上半部分,为胞质阳性;SSTR-1主要分布在垂体边缘,为胞膜阳性。(2)各组大鼠下丘脑SST及垂体SSTR-1对6周递增负荷运动的适应性变化特征为:①对照组大鼠SST在6周内无显著性差异,SSTR-1在第2周时最低,依次为第0、4周,至第6周时最高;②2周安静状态SST较0周明显增多,4周安静时下降至略低于0周,第6周则下降更低;SSTR-1安静状态下4周最高,依次为第6、2和0周。(3)各周大鼠下丘脑SST及垂体SSTR-1对1次性运动的应答性变化特征为:①第0、4周运动后即刻SST的表达增多,而第2、6周减少;训练第0、2、4周大鼠运动后3 h均可恢复至运动前安静状态,第6周则不能恢复;②SSTR-1在运动即刻及恢复3 h后的变化规律与SST一致,但运动结束后3 h的恢复程度较SST低,有滞后现象。结论 (1)在长期递增负荷运动影响下,安静状态时大鼠下丘脑SST运动初期一过性增加,之后呈下降趋势,适宜运动可以减少安静状态SST的表达,有利于维持自身的免疫机能;(2)大鼠垂体SSTR-1对1次性运动应答性反应的规律与SST一致,即接受适宜运动训练的个体运动后即刻表达增多,处于运动应激动员和衰竭阶段的个体运动后即刻表达减少;(3)运动后即刻及安静状态下,过度训练均引起大鼠下丘脑SST及垂体SSTR-1表达减少,对于对抗免疫抑制的发展具有重要意义,是机体防御抑制保护的表现。 相似文献
2.
GnRH-R在大鼠递增负荷训练中的表达及与性激素的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用动物实验研究法，对促性腺素释放激素受体(GnRH-R)在大鼠递增负荷训练中的表达及与性激素的关系进行分析。结果显示，长期大强度负荷使Ta组大鼠垂体GnRH-R表达明显低于C组，且同时伴有LH、E2、P、T明显低于C组，FSH也低于C组；但是Ta组大鼠下丘脑、血浆β-EP明显高于C组。休息1周后GnRH-R未见恢复。认为，长期大强度负荷使Ta组大鼠垂体GnRH-R自身调节发生紊乱，是引起AMI的重要因素之一；过高的β-EP抑制中枢GnRH分泌，是垂体GnRH-R表达减弱的主要抑制神经递质之一；推测AMI可能发生在下丘脑水平。 相似文献
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对递增负荷运动及恢复不同阶段大鼠卵巢及子宫的超微结构进行扫描电镜观察发现,卵巢上皮细胞形态、完整性及细胞间连接均出现明显改变,子宫上皮细胞微绒毛由轻度脱落到几乎完全缺失。结果表明,9周运动训练导致卵巢上皮及子宫内膜细胞的合成机能受阻,细胞呈现动情间期状态,与同期测定的低性激素水平及动情周期紊乱和抑制现象具有依从关系。经过4个动情周期的恢复,大鼠卵巢及子宫结构逐渐复原,为一可逆性变化过程。 相似文献
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在建立递增负荷训练的运动性闭经动物模型的基础上 ,采用放射性免疫法 ,测定 β—EP和性激素 ,观察不同负荷训练对大鼠下丘脑、垂体、血浆 β—EP和血浆T、FSH、LH、P、E2 的影响 ;AMI与 β—EP和性激素的关系。结果显示 ,长期大强度负荷使训练组A动情周期抑制 ,表现为低促性腺类固醇、低促性腺激素 ,而下丘脑、血浆 β—EP含量明显升高。短期适宜强度负荷使训练组C血T明显升高 ,长期大强度负荷使训练组A血T明显下降。经 1周休息后 ,β—EP、P、T、FSH已基本恢复 ,但LH、E2 未完全恢复。提示 :β—EP对下丘脑GnRH释放具有直接抑制效应。血T升高可直接对抗雌激素或负反馈作用于下丘脑—垂体性腺轴继发AMI。AMI经及时合理适当调整 ,大部分性激素是可以逆转的。 相似文献
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运动性动情周期抑制的大鼠下丘脑、垂体、血浆β-EP和性激素的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在建立递增负荷训练的运动性闭经动物模型的基础上,采用放射性免疫法,测定β-EP和性激素,观察不同负荷训练对大鼠下丘脑、垂体、血浆β-EP和血浆T、FSH、LH、P、E2的影响;AMI与β-EP和性激素的关系.结果显示,长期大强度负荷使训练组A动情周期抑制,表现为低促性腺类固醇、低促性腺激素,而下丘脑、血浆β-EP含量明显升高.短期适宜强度负荷使训练组C血T明显升高,长期大强度负荷使训练组A血T明显下降.经1周休息后,β-EP、P、T、FSH已基本恢复,但LH、E2未完全恢复.提示:β-EP对下丘脑GnRH释放具有直接抑制效应.血T升高可直接对抗雌激素或负反馈作用于下丘脑-垂体性腺轴继发AMI.AMI经及时合理适当调整,大部分性激素是可以逆转的. 相似文献
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目的探讨过度训练后中枢神经系统海马CA1区及下丘脑促垂体区中的NOS表达变化。研究方法用免疫组织化学法对过度训练大鼠的海马CA1区、腹内侧核的组织切片,比较实验组、对照组大鼠这些核团的NOS阳性神经元形态,并在显微镜下每张切片随机取3个视野,统计并比较实验组、对照组NOS阳性神经元的数量。结果(1)过度训练的雄性大鼠下丘脑腹内侧核NOS阳性神经元数目比无训练的雄性大鼠的多(P<0.05);(2)过度训练雄性大鼠海马CA1区NOS的阳性神经元数目显著增多(P<0.01),并且发现过度训练大鼠此区的神经元胞体体积明显增大,过度训练大鼠海马CA1区NOS活性比无训练的明显增大(P<0.01)。结论NOS的增多可能是过度训练后神经中枢疲劳的特征之一,NOS可能从下丘脑促垂体区参与过度训练疲劳综合征的形成,可能参与和引起下丘脑功能紊乱和神经元肿胀。 相似文献
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递增负荷训练诱导的动情周期抑制大鼠甲状腺超微结构与功能变化的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的：探讨递增负荷训练诱导的动情周期抑制的大鼠甲状腺超微结构与功能的变化，进一步阐明运动性月经失调的发生机制。将35只成熟、健康的雌性2月龄大鼠随机分为：对照组（C）、递增负荷训练7周组（Ta其中有7只为恢复1周Tar组）、5周组（Tb）、3周组（TC）。结果：随运动负荷递增，大鼠阴道中底层细胞数量运用增加，第7用最高；Ta、Tb组大鼠甲状腺腺泡上皮细胞胞浆内粗面内质网扩张，出现较多的分泌大泡和合成泡及变性坏死的细胞；恢复1周后，粗面内质网异常扩张，有较多的溶酶体；Ta、Tar组大鼠血清TSH浓度较C组有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）；Ta组大鼠训练前3周饮食量最高，3周后随训练强度增大饮食量下降；训练前后Ta组大鼠体重增幅明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。结论：7周训练诱导了大鼠动情周期抑制和甲状腺功能的减退。提示，甲状腺功能减退是．AMI发生机制之一。 相似文献
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递增负荷运动过程中ER、PR水平的变化及其与性腺类固醇的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
低性腺类固醇水平是AMi的重要特征之一.为了探讨低性激素环境下ER（雌激素受体）、PR（孕激素受体）的变化特点及激素与受体间的相互影响作用关系，并探讨其在运动性月经失调中的作用机制，本研究对递增负荷运动过程中及4个恢复期后，大鼠子宫和卵巢ER、PR及血清E2、P水平的变化进行了连续监测.结果显示，血清E2、P随运动负荷量的加大而逐渐降低，组织ER、PR水平随运动负荷量的加大呈渐进性升高.受体水平在停训后的恢复期内随着E2、P水平的回升，逐渐回落.结果表明，运动中受体水平的变化可能为非激素依赖性升高，这种升高或许是机体对长期运动训练造成的低性激素环境的一种适应性反应，可能是AMI病理机制过程的重要一环.恢复期受体水平的恢复与E2水平的升高具有直接关系。 相似文献
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递增负荷运动大鼠卵巢子宫超微结构变化及其恢复过程观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
众所周知,女性性腺卵巢通过周期性分泌女性激素,调控和影响女性生殖系统的功能,维持规律的月经周期。在长期大运动量作用影响下,女运动员出现以低性腺类固醇和低促性腺皮质激素水平为特征的适应性反应,进而导致AMI的高发病率[1,2,3,4]。为了阐释AMI的病理机制,搞清训练影响下HP 相似文献
12.
李晓红 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(5):588-593,597
目的探讨大负荷训练后减量训练对大鼠骨骼肌超微结构及其酶活性的影响,为大负荷运动后减量训练的研究提供理论和实验参考。方法大负荷运动7周后,再进行4周减量训练,运用酶免疫和电子显微镜技术观察大负荷训练后减量训练腓肠肌琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)表达及腓肠肌超微结构的变化。结果大负荷训练后再进行4周的减量训练,可明显提高SHD活性,降低MDA的含量,但LDH活性降低;4周的减量训练损伤的腓肠肌细胞结构基本恢复正常。结论 4周的减量训练可明显改善损伤的骨骼肌细胞结构,有利于骨骼肌细胞结构的恢复,提高骨骼肌的有氧代谢能力和抗氧化能力,但不能提高骨骼肌的无氧代谢能力。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):377-384
Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor biological markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, mood states, and recovery-stress states throughout an entire season in male handball players. Fourteen handball players (age 20.1±2.5 years) with a regular training and competitive background in handball (11.0±3.7 years) from the same club volunteered to participate. All participants completed 40 weeks of training. The training load was increased progressively throughout the season. Blood samples were collected and questionnaires were administered during preparatory, competitive, and recovery periods. Blood C-reactive protein and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations increased during periods of high load, while the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) decreased. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in total leukocyte count. Positive correlations were found between C-reactive protein, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, and training load. No changes were observed in the Total Mood Disturbance score of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, scores on some Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes subscales, such as Injury, Physical Recovery, and Being in Shape, correlated with training load. Findings indicate that during periods of high training load, handball players developed a low grade of inflammation and oxidative state. Results support the usefulness of monitoring psychological and biological markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and training load during season. 相似文献
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Gabbett TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(5):409-417
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of perceived intensity, duration and load of matches and training on the incidence of injury in rugby league players. The incidence of injury was prospectively studied in 79 semi-professional rugby league players during the 2001 season. All injuries sustained during matches and training sessions were recorded. Training sessions were conducted from December to September, with matches played from February to September. The intensity of individual training sessions and matches was estimated using a modified rating of perceived exertion scale. Training load was calculated by multiplying the training intensity by the duration of the training session. The match load was calculated by multiplying the match intensity by the time each player participated in the match. Training load increased from December (278.3 [95% confidence interval, CI 262.2 to 294.5] units) to February (385.5 [95% CI 362.4 to 408.5] units), followed by a decline until September (98.4 [95% CI 76.5 to 120.4] units). Match load increased from February (204.0 [95% CI 186.2 to 221.8] units) to September (356.8 [95% CI 302.5 to 411.1] units). More training injuries were sustained in the first half of the season (first vs second: 69.2% vs 30.8%, P < 0.001), whereas match injuries occurred more frequently in the latter stages of the season (53.6% vs 46.4%, P < 0.001). A significant relationship (P < 0.05) was observed between changes in training injury incidence and changes in training intensity (r = 0.83), training duration (r = 0.79) and training load (r = 0.86). In addition, changes in the incidence of match injuries were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with changes in match intensity (r = 0.74), match duration (r = 0.86) and match load (r = 0.86). These findings suggest that as the intensity, duration and load of rugby league training sessions and matches is increased, the incidence of injury is also increased. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this study was to develop statistical models that estimate the influence of training load on training injury and physical fitness in collision sport athletes. The incidence of training injuries was studied in 183 rugby league players over two competitive seasons. Participants were assessed for height, body mass, skinfold thickness, vertical jump, 10-m, 20-m and 40-m sprint time, agility, and estimated maximal aerobic power in the off-season, pre-season, mid-season, and end-season. Training load and injury data were summarised into pre-season, early-competition, and late-competition training phases. Individual training load, fitness, and injury data were modelled using a logistic regression model with a binomial distribution and logit link function, while team training load and injury data were modelled using a linear regression model. While physical fitness improved with training, there was no association (P=0.16-0.99) between training load and changes in physical fitness during any of the training phases. However, increases in training load during the early-competition training phase decreased (P= 0.04) agility performance. A relationship (P= 0.01-0.04) was observed between the log of training load and odds of injury during each training phase, resulting in a 1.50 - 2.85 increase in the odds of injury for each arbitrary unit increase in training load. Furthermore, during the pre-season training phase there was a relationship (P= 0.01) between training load and injury incidence within the training load range of 155 and 590 arbitrary units. During the early and late-competition training phases, increases in training load of 175-620 arbitrary units and 145-410 arbitrary units, respectively, resulted in no further increase in injury incidence. These findings demonstrate that increases in training load, particularly during the pre-season training phase, increase the odds of injury in collision sport athletes. However, while increases in training load from 175 to 620 arbitrary units during the early-competition training phase result in no further increase in injury incidence, marked reductions in agility performances can occur. These findings suggest that reductions in training load during the early-competition training phase can reduce the odds of injury without compromising agility performances in collision sport athletes. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop statistical models that estimate the influence of training load on training injury and physical fitness in collision sport athletes. The incidence of training injuries was studied in 183 rugby league players over two competitive seasons. Participants were assessed for height, body mass, skinfold thickness, vertical jump, 10-m, 20-m and 40-m sprint time, agility, and estimated maximal aerobic power in the off-season, pre-season, mid-season, and end-season. Training load and injury data were summarised into pre-season, early-competition, and late-competition training phases. Individual training load, fitness, and injury data were modelled using a logistic regression model with a binomial distribution and logit link function, while team training load and injury data were modelled using a linear regression model. While physical fitness improved with training, there was no association (P = 0.16 – 0.99) between training load and changes in physical fitness during any of the training phases. However, increases in training load during the early-competition training phase decreased (P = 0.04) agility performance. A relationship (P = 0.01 – 0.04) was observed between the log of training load and odds of injury during each training phase, resulting in a 1.50 – 2.85 increase in the odds of injury for each arbitrary unit increase in training load. Furthermore, during the pre-season training phase there was a relationship (P = 0.01) between training load and injury incidence within the training load range of 155 and 590 arbitrary units. During the early and late-competition training phases, increases in training load of 175 – 620 arbitrary units and 145 – 410 arbitrary units, respectively, resulted in no further increase in injury incidence. These findings demonstrate that increases in training load, particularly during the pre-season training phase, increase the odds of injury in collision sport athletes. However, while increases in training load from 175 to 620 arbitrary units during the early-competition training phase result in no further increase in injury incidence, marked reductions in agility performances can occur. These findings suggest that reductions in training load during the early-competition training phase can reduce the odds of injury without compromising agility performances in collision sport athletes. 相似文献
17.
Tim J Gabbett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):409-417
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of perceived intensity, duration and load of matches and training on the incidence of injury in rugby league players. The incidence of injury was prospectively studied in 79 semi-professional rugby league players during the 2001 season. All injuries sustained during matches and training sessions were recorded. Training sessions were conducted from December to September, with matches played from February to September. The intensity of individual training sessions and matches was estimated using a modified rating of perceived exertion scale. Training load was calculated by multiplying the training intensity by the duration of the training session. The match load was calculated by multiplying the match intensity by the time each player participated in the match. Training load increased from December (278.3 [95% confidence interval, CI 262.2 to 294.5] units) to February (385.5 [95% CI 362.4 to 408.5] units), followed by a decline until September (98.4 [95% CI 76.5 to 120.4] units). Match load increased from February (204.0 [95% CI 186.2 to 221.8] units) to September (356.8 [95% CI 302.5 to 411.1] units). More training injuries were sustained in the first half of the season (first vs second: 69.2% vs 30.8%, P?<0.001), whereas match injuries occurred more frequently in the latter stages of the season (53.6% vs 46.4%, P?<0.001). A significant relationship (P?<0.05) was observed between changes in training injury incidence and changes in training intensity (r?=?0.83), training duration (r?=?0.79) and training load (r?=?0.86). In addition, changes in the incidence of match injuries were significantly correlated (P?<0.05) with changes in match intensity (r?=?0.74), match duration (r?=?0.86) and match load (r?=?0.86). These findings suggest that as the intensity, duration and load of rugby league training sessions and matches is increased, the incidence of injury is also increased. 相似文献
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Kamandulis S Skurvydas A Snieckus A Masiulis N Aagaard P Dargeviciute G Brazaitis M 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(4):345-353
The aim of this study was to examine changes in indirect markers of muscle damage during 3 weeks of stretch-shortening exercise with a progressively increasing load and continued modulation of various key training variables. Eight healthy untrained men performed a drop-jump programme involving a progressive increase in load impact with respect to the number of jumps performed, drop (platform) height, squat depth amplitude, and addition of weights. Maximal concentric and isometric knee extensor strength were assessed immediately before and 10?min after each training session. Voluntary and 100 Hz-stimulation-evoked torque decreased acutely after each training session relative to pre-exercise values (P?相似文献
19.
运动训练强度变化对内源性激素的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
虞江明 《山东体育学院学报》2006,22(5):69-71
1选题依据激素是由内分泌腺及具有内分泌机能的组织所产生的微量化学信息分子，它们被释放到细胞外，通过扩散或血液转运到靶细胞或靶器官，调节细胞或器官的代谢，以反馈性调节机制适应机体内环境的变化，协调体内各部分间的相互联系。随着分子生物学的发展，已发现了多种组织 相似文献