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1.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a 10-month exercise program on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral content/bone width (BMC/BW) of postmenopausal women. Thirty-one women (ages 57-83) completed either a general aerobics exercise program (n = 10), a general aerobics plus upper body weight training exercise program (n = 10), or served as nonexercising control subjects (n = 11). Average compliance rates for the exercise subjects ranged from 72 to 80%. All subjects were pre- and posttested for BMC and BMC/BW in the radius of the nondominant forearm. ANOVA results indicated that there were significant differences between the exercise and control subjects in the amount of change in BMC and in BMC/BW (p < .05) during the course of the study. The exercise subjects experienced mean increases of 1.38% and 1.33% in BMC and BMC/BW, respectively, whereas the control group had decreases of 2.50% and 258%. No significant differences were found for subjects in the two types of exercise programs, suggesting that the effects of exercise relative to maintenance of bone density may be general as well as localized.  相似文献   

2.
有氧运动对老年人活体骨矿物质含量影响的研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  
选取北京部分高校退休教职工和老年长跑俱乐部的队员２７７人为受试者,并对他们进行了活体骨矿物质含量的测试。结果发现,５５岁以上老年人活体骨的质含量存在明显的性别差异;骨矿含量随着年龄增加而逐年降低,女性下降的幅度明显高于男性,在有氧运动对骨矿含量影响的调查中发现,有氧运动组骨帮含量和骨密度显著高于普通老年组;纵向追踪结果表明,尽管受试者骨矿含量均有不同程度的下降,但是有氧运动组下降幅度低于普通组。这  相似文献   

3.
冬泳运动对男性老年入骨代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用单光子骨密度仪测量桡骨远端的BW、BMC和BMD,用生化测量及放免测定仪定量分析血清中Ca、P、BGP、T和E2含量。对50例坚持冬泳3年以上男性老年人与50例非冬泳者作对照研究,对其结果用SPSS8 0统计软件进行统计分析。结果表明:冬泳组桡骨远端的BMD和BMC较对照组增高(P<0 05),而BW无差异(P>0 05);血清中BGP、T和E2值也较对照组显著增高(P<0 05),而Ca和P的含量没有明显改变(P>0 05)。结论:长期坚持冬泳运动,可以预防骨质疏松。  相似文献   

4.
女子手球运动员骨密度值的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
采用测试方法,对国家女子手球队运动员(运动组)和非运动专业女生(对照组)的骨密度及某些身体指标进行对比分析.结果显示,运动组具有较高桡、尺骨骨矿密度BMD和骨矿含量BMC值,与对照组比较,有显著性差异(p＜0.001);同时,运动组与对照组BMC等值,和身高、体重及体重派生指标具有较高的相关性.结果提示,身高、体重等可影响骨密度值的大小,运动能提高骨密度.  相似文献   

5.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare the bone mass of female football players with controls of different pubertal stages. Methods: Sixty five girls aged 8–14 years (10.14?±?0.1, Tanner stages I–IV) participated in the study. Twenty participants were prepubertal (10 prepubertal control) and 45 peripubertal (15 peripubertal control). All footballers trained two days per week while the control group did not perform regular physical activity outside of school. Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in lean and bone masses. Results: Significant differences in lower-body extremities lean mass (LLM) between peripubertal groups were found (P?P?P?Conclusion: Female footballers showed higher bone and lean masses compared to control counterparts; these differences are already detectable at prepubertal ages and more consistent after pubertal spurt.  相似文献   

6.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) derives in loss of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). However, physical activity is an important determinant in bone mass acquisition, which is partially mediated through the lean mass (LM). The aim was to examine the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on BMD and BMC arms of adult males with SCI and able-bodied controls using the arm LM as a mediator variable. Thirty able-bodied men and thirty men with SCI participated. BMC and BMD were analysed by DXA, and indirect calorimetry was used to calculate VO2peak during a progressive arm-cranking test. When groups were divided by the amount of LM, the subgroup with highest LM had significantly higher arm BMC compared to the lowest LM subgroup (p ≤ 0.05) in both SCI and able-bodied groups. Moreover, same differences were found when confidence intervals were analysed. Only in the SCI group, arm LM mediated the relationship between bone mass and CRF at 30.9%, as indicated by the Sobel test (z = 2.17 and z = 2.04 for BMC and BMD, respectively). In conclusion, LM mediates the indirect association between CRF and bone health, specifically in the arms. This finding highlights the importance of having an adequate CRF for the maintenance of good bone health in SCI men.  相似文献   

7.
采用双能X 线吸收法,对青少年时期进行过专项训练及其后从事专项教学的健康老年男性进行了骨密度测试。结果显示:技能类组受试者双臂骨密度和骨矿物质含量明显高于体能类组受试者,且技能类组受试者主力臂骨矿物质含量明显高于非主力臂。提示:不同体育专项训练和教学不会给老年男性整体承重部位的骨密度和骨矿物质含量带来差异;从事技能类组项目的训练和教学对老年男性主要受力部位的骨矿物质影响较大。  相似文献   

8.
大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢及骨量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢生化因子(OC、ALP和TRAP)、骨密度(BMD)和骨量(BMC)的影响,20只6周龄大鼠随机分成2组:①对照组(Control group,CtrG)10只;②7周大负荷训练组(Overtraining group,OtrG)10只:进行7周的跑台训练。实验结束后所有大鼠处死并测定血清OPG、sRANKL、骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)。同时测定股骨、腰椎BMD、BMC。结果表明经过7周大负荷运动训练,OtrG组大鼠股骨BMC、BMD及腰椎BMC明显低于CtrG组大鼠。OtrG组大鼠血清OPG水平明显低于CtrG组,而sRANKL却高于CtrG组大鼠,OPG/sRANKL比率下降。OtrG组血清OC、ALP和TRAP明显高于CtrG组。研究提示过度运动导致OPG/sRANKL比例下降可能是骨代谢率增快、骨量丢失的重要原因。  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

This study estimated upper and lower limb bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area (BA) in 48 children tennis players (24 boys, 24 girls) aged 7–13 years. The sample comprised four age groups (8.2 ± 0.44, 9.5 ± 0.13, 10.5 ± 0.33, 12.2 ± 0.58). BMC and BA were measured via DXA, and sexual maturity by the Tanner scale, then used as a binary: prepubertal vs peripubertal. Total training time (TTT) included all playing years. Arms were asymmetric and legs symmetric. Boys were more asymmetric than girls in BMC (18% vs 13%) and BA (11% vs 8%). Pre-pubertal children were less asymmetric than peri-pubertal in BMC (14% vs 18%) and in BA (9.4% vs 10%). Bone growth changed with age and TTT markedly better in the dominant arm. The linear combination of TTT, sex, and maturity binary extracted 59% of BMC asymmetry and only 21% of BA asymmetry. For both bone parameters the sex effect was significant only for the pre-pubertal children. Training time constitutes the best predictor of bone asymmetry compared to age, sex, and maturity; when adequate, playing arm bone hypertrophy may be detectable at the age of 7–8 years. These results have health and performance implications.  相似文献   

10.
This report aims to analyse the independent association of lean mass and muscle fitness with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and to examine whether the relationship between muscle fitness and bone health is mediated by lean mass. Body composition (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), muscle fitness, physical activity, age and height were measured in 132 schoolchildren (62 boys, aged 8–11 years). Analysis of covariance tested differences in bone-related variables by lean mass and muscle fitness, controlling for different sets of confounders. Linear regression models fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between muscle fitness and bone mass was mediated by lean mass. Children with good performance in handgrip and standing long jump had better and worse bone health, respectively. These differences disappeared after controlling for lean mass. Children with high lean mass had higher values in all bone-related variables. In addition, the relationship between muscle fitness and bone mass was fully mediated by lean mass. In conclusion, the relationship between upper-limbs muscle fitness and bone health seems to be dependent on lean mass but not on muscle fitness. Schoolchildren with high lean mass have more BMC and BMD in all regions. Lean mass mediates the association between muscle fitness and bone mass.  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.7; body mass 58.4 kg, s = 6.6; stature 1.65 m, s = 0.06) completed training, menstrual, and dietary questionnaires. Bone mineral density and size-adjusted bone mineral density were assessed at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Seventy-eight percent of participants were eumenorrhoeic, 20% were oligomenorrhoeic, and 2% were amenorrhoeic. Thirty-six percent and 55% reported disordered eating practices in the present and past respectively. Eighty-one percent, 17%, and 2% were classified as normal, osteopaenic, and osteoporotic at the femoral neck respectively; 92% were normal, 7% osteopaenic, and 1% osteoporotic at the lumbar spine. No significant differences in femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density were observed between eumenorrhoeic and oligo/amenorrhoeic participants (F(2,80) = 0.119, P = 0.73); eumenorrhoeic participants had significantly greater lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(2,80) = 9.79, P = 0.003). Disordered eating participants had significantly lower femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density than those reporting no disordered eating (F(2,80) = 13.816, P = 0.000). Twenty-two percent of participants fulfilled triad criteria, while 55% were "at risk" of long-term health problems. An accumulation of conditions resulted in lower lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(1,80) = 6.074, P = 0.004). The current triad components do not identify all women "at risk" and more appropriate criteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopaenia are suggested.  相似文献   

12.
目的:观察大蒜素对一次大强度运动后大鼠cTn-I、cTn-T、T-AOC和MDA等的影响.方法:8周龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠100只,随机分为空白对照组(C组,n=10)、大蒜素对照组(CA组,n=10)、运动组(E组,n=40)和大蒜素运动组(EA组,n=40).C、E组腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水;CA、EA组腹腔注射大蒜素注射液,4周后,E组、EA组进行一次性大负荷跑台运动,按时相取股动脉血分离血清检测cTn-I、cTn-T、T-AOC和MDA.结果:血清cTn-I含量,E组和EA组各时相均非常显著性高于对照组;EA组和E比较,运动后各时相均较低,其中运动后6h、24 h差异具有显著性;血清cTn-T含量,E组和EA组运动后均低于对照组,其中E组运动后各时相差异均非常显著,EA组运动后6h、12 h 、24 h差异具有非常显著性,运动后即刻具有显著性差异;组间同时相比较,EA组运动后即刻和24 h显著性、运动后12h非常显著性低于E组.血清T-AOC,CA组显著性高于C组,EA组运动后即刻、24 h显著性高于E组同时相.血清MDA含量,运动后E组、EA组均升高,EA组各时相均低于E组,其中运动后12h差异具有显著性,运动后24 h差异具有非常显著性.结论:大强度跑台运动可诱发大鼠运动性心肌损伤.大蒜素可提高抗氧化能力,减轻大鼠大强度运动后心肌细胞损伤,减少cTn-I、cTn-T的大量逸出,对保护细胞膜完整性,降低运动应激程度,防治运动性心肌微损伤有积极作用.  相似文献   

13.
用DEXA 技术测量体成分及可行性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用DEXA技术测量人体成分，并对测量的瘦体重，脂肪含量与骨矿物质含量进行了相关分析，结果显示，受试者全身骨矿物质含量与全身瘦体重，脂肪含量，体重均呈中度正相关关系，双臂骨矿物质含量与双臂瘦体重，脂肪含量呈高度正相关关系，双腿骨矿物质含量与双腿瘦体重呈高度正相关关系，与双腿脂肪含量呈中度相关关系，躯干骨矿物质含量与躯干瘦体重呈中度正相关关系，与躯干脂肪含量呈低度正相关关系，全身及各个部位的骨矿物质含量与相应部位的体成分的相关分析表明，用DEXA技术进行身体成分的研究是有可行的。  相似文献   

14.
BackgroundAn extraordinary long-term running performance may benefit from low dynamic loads and a high load-bearing tolerance. An extraordinary runner (age = 55 years, height = 1.81 m, mass = 92 kg) scheduled a marathon a day for 100 consecutive days. His running biomechanics and bone density were investigated to better understand successful long-term running in the master athlete.MethodsOverground running gait analysis and bone densitometry were conducted before the marathon-a-day challenge and near its completion. The case's running biomechanics were compared pre-challenge to 31 runners who were matched by a similar foot strike pattern.ResultsThe case's peak vertical loading rate (Δx? = –61.9 body weight (BW)/s or –57%), peak vertical ground reaction force (Δx? = –0.38 BW or –15%), and peak braking force (Δx? = –0.118 BW or –31%) were remarkably lower (p < 0.05) than the control group at ～3.3 m/s. The relatively low loading-related magnitudes were attributed to a remarkably high duty factor (0.41) at the evaluated speed. The foot strike angle of the marathoner (29.5°) was greater than that of the control group, affecting the peak vertical loading rate. Muscle powers in the lower extremity were also remarkably low in the case vs. controls: peak power of knee absorption (Δx? = –9.16 watt/kg or –48%) and ankle generation (Δx? = –3.17 watt/kg or –30%). The bone mineral density increased to 1.245 g/cm² (+2.98%) near completion of the challenge, whereas the force characteristics showed no statistically significant change.ConclusionThe remarkable pattern of the high-mileage runner may be useful in developing or evaluating load-shifting strategies in distance running.  相似文献   

15.
聂英涛  刘成香  吴静 《体育科技》2010,31(1):122-124,129
论述了广西师范大学课外健美操俱乐部通过对课程安排、教学内容、教学方法及组织管理等方面的改革,实现了由内容单一的健美操教学到集健美操、形体操、拉丁舞等相结合的多元内容教学,形成了课外健美操综合俱乐部,深受广大学生的热爱。在满足学生需求的同时有效地促进了学生课外体育锻炼的积极性和参与度,为实现高校阳光体育计划提供了实践基础和理论参考。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a specific vibration programme with those of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and muscular strength in post-menopausal women, over a period of 6 months. Thirty-two healthy, inactive post-menopausal women aged 46–62 years were divided into exercise (n = 10), vibration (n = 13), and control (n = 9) groups. The exercise group participated in a supervised programme of strength training at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) 2 days a week, and aerobic exercise at 70–85% of maximum heart rate one day a week. The vibration group performed vibration training 3 days a week (9 sets×45–80 s per session, 35–40 Hz, peak-to-peak amplitude of vertical vibration = 1.5 mm) on a vibration platform (NemesTM LCB, Bosco System). The BMD of the lumbar spine (L2–L4) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength with the 1-RM method at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. The BMD of L2–L4 increased in the exercise group (P < 0.05), remained steady in the vibration group, and decreased in the control group (P < 0.05). Muscular strength of leg-extension and leg-curl exercise improved by 28% and 25.5% (P < 0.01) in the exercise group and by 13% (P < 0.01) and 20.5% (P < 0.001) in the vibration group, respectively. The results indicate that conventional training contributed to the increase in BMD of L2–L4, while the vibration programme helped to maintain BMD in post-menopausal women. Both training programmes were efficient in improving muscle strength.  相似文献   

17.
通过对水中有氧健身操的特点的分析,认为在孕期孕妇进行水中有氧健身操可以增加运动中的安全性,增强肌肉力量和呼吸机能,促进血液循环,减轻妊娠反应所致的不适,帮住孕妇适应身体重心的转移和控制体重。这不仅可以增强体质,加强自身免疫力减少疾病的发生,而且有利于孕妇顺利分娩,对母体和胎儿都有积极良好的影响。  相似文献   

18.
We analyzed the effect of an 8-week strength training (ST) program on the rate of force development (RFD) and electromyographic activity (EMG) in older women. Seventeen women (M age = 63.4 years, SD = 4.9) without previous ST experience were randomly assigned to either a control (n=7) or training (n=10) group. A leg-press isometric test was used for assessment. ST (three sessions/ week, three sets of 10-12 repetition maximum, five different exercises) induced significant increases (p < .05) on peak RPD (48.4%) and on RFD) and EMG of vastus medialis at time intervals of 0-50, 0-100, 0-150, and 0-200 ms (41.1-69.2% and 43.8-64.3%, respectively). Therefore, ST resulted in favorable changes in neuromuscular responses in older women.  相似文献   

19.
探索中医＂补益药＂对体育专业健美操专项学生代谢能力积极影响作用。运用运动生理、生化相关指标对受试学生进行建模实验,将受试学生分为实验组与对照组,实验10周后进行相关生理、生化指标统计。结果发现,以补血、补阴类为主的补益药符合辨证施治的原则,对运动氧代谢有积极作用。实验组血色素、无氧功、Vo2max、最大运动能力在大强度训练后较对照组有显著提高肯定了补益中药对人体氧代谢能力的重要性。  相似文献   

20.
王志锋 《中国体育科技》2012,48(5):133-138,145
研究目的:探讨麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素含量、血脂成份、体成份及免疫球蛋白含量的影响.方法:39名维吾尔族肥胖妇女(48.67±2.38岁)随机分成运动组(n=20)及对照组(n=19),运动组进行24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习(每周4次,每次60～80 min),对比实验前后各项指标的变化.结果:24周规律性的麦西来甫-木卡姆练习后运动组血清瘦素、胰岛素、TG、TC和LDL-c,以及体脂百分比(BF％)、腰臀比(WHR)、体指数(BMI)都有显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HDL-c、脂联素及IgG,IgM,IgA都有显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习可以有效改善肥胖患者血脂成份、体成份和脂肪细胞的分泌机能,并使“瘦素抵抗”、“胰岛素抵抗”及“脂联素脱敏”状态得到纠正,提高肥胖患者免疫能力,具有较高的健身功效.  相似文献   

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