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1.
John Pyecha 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):425-431
Abstract The effects of physical education courses in judo I, judo II, handball, badminton, basketball, and volleyball on certain personality traits of male freshmen at the University of North Carolina were compared. Subjects used were randomly selected from a student population meeting prespecified constraints and assigned to the Experimental (judo I and judo II, N = 73), Control 1 (handball and volleyball, N = 34), and Control 2 (badminton and basketball, N = 42) Groups. Personality trait measures on all subjects were obtained through repeated administrations of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 1962 Edition of Form A; i.e., pretreatment, 8-week, and 16-week measures. Using pretreatment measures as covariates, analysis of variance techniques indicated that the judo experimental group became more warmhearted, easygoing, and participating than did either of the control groups. 相似文献
2.
发展我国竞技体育的重要战略措施——关于田径等9个项目教学训练大纲的编制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为理顺各训练环节的关系,更好地培养竞技运动人才,通过大量调查和测试,根据项目的特点和发展规律,以及儿童、青少年各年龄阶段的不同特点,研制了田径、游泳、体操、举重、篮球、排球、足球、乒乓球和羽毛球共9个项目的教学训练大纲。该大纲经过一年多试行后,自1992年4月起已在全国上述项目的教学训练、竞赛工作中全面贯彻实施。本文对大纲编制的组织和方法、大纲的内容和特点等简作论述。 相似文献
3.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among body image, perception of physical abilities, and motor performance in boys involved in organized individual (i.e. tennis, fencing, judo) and team (i.e. soccer, handball, volleyball) sports. Altogether, 162 children (12.6 ± 1.0 years) were categorized as normal-weight (n = 85) or overweight (n = 77). Body image was measured using Collins' Child Figure Drawings, while individuals' perceptions of strength, speed, and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale. Fitness tests of the standing long jump, 20 m sprint, and 10 × 5 m shuttle-run were also administered. Overweight boys showed greater body dissatisfaction and lower actual physical abilities than normal-weight peers. Participants involved in team sports reported lower body dissatisfaction and better performances in the shuttle-run compared with those involved in individual sports. For boys participating in team sports, body dissatisfaction was a significant mediator of the effect of body mass index on perceived physical ability. Results may influence intervention efforts, suggesting that targeting personal, psychological, and physical factors may prove efficient across physical activity locations and weight groups. 相似文献
4.
刘永 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(12):124-126
以集体项目和个人项目两个关联项群为研究对象，在南京的9所高校高水平运动队中提取篮球、排球、足球以及乒乓球、羽毛球、网球、武术、跆拳道为不同项群对照组，通过对艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）测试数据的统计学分析，研究关联项群运动员人格特质的不同表现。研究结果表明，在艾森克人格问卷测试系统中，研究所指的不同项群运动员其P、E、N、L量表分值大部分存在着显著差异并与对照常模存在显著差异。运动员人格特质与项群构成具有高度的相关性，对不同项群运动员人格特质的精确把握，可以作为竞赛训练中心理选材和心理调控的重要手段。 相似文献
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6.
Andrade Mdos S De Lira CA Koffes Fde C Mascarin NC Benedito-Silva AA Da Silva AC 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(6):547-553
The purpose of this study was to determine differences in hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H/Q) peak torque ratios evaluated at different angular velocities between men and women who participate in judo, handball or soccer. A total of 166 athletes, including 58 judokas (26 females and 32 males), 39 handball players (22 females and 17 males), and 69 soccer players (17 females and 52 males), were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. The H/Q isokinetic peak torque ratios were calculated at angular velocities of 1.05 rad · s?1 and 5.23 rad · s?1. In the analysis by gender, female soccer players produced lower H/Q peak torque ratios at 1.05 rad · s?1 than males involved in the same sport. However, when H/Q peak torque ratio was assessed at 5.23 rad · s?1, there were no significant differences between the sexes. In the analysis by sport, there were no differences among females at 1.05 rad · s?1. In contrast, male soccer players had significantly higher H/Q peak torque ratios than judokas (66 ± 12% vs. 57 ± 14%, respectively). Female handball players produced significantly lower peak torque ratios at 5.23 rad · s?1 than judokas or soccer players, whereas males presented no ratio differences among sports At 5.23 rad · s?1. In the analysis by velocity, women's muscular ratios assessed at 1.05 rad · s?1 were significantly lower than at 5.23 rad · s?1 for all sports; among men, only judokas presented lower ratios at 1.05 rad · s?1 than at 5.23 rad · s?1. The present results suggest that sport modality and angular velocity influence the isokinetic strength profiles of men and women. 相似文献
7.
The ability to recognize patterns of play is fundamental to performance in team sports. While typically assumed to be domain-specific, pattern recognition skills may transfer from one sport to another if similarities exist in the perceptual features and their relations and/or the strategies used to encode and retrieve relevant information. A transfer paradigm was employed to compare skilled and less skilled soccer, field hockey and volleyball players' pattern recognition skills. Participants viewed structured and unstructured action sequences from each sport, half of which were randomly represented with clips not previously seen. The task was to identify previously viewed action sequences quickly and accurately. Transfer of pattern recognition skill was dependent on the participant's skill, sport practised, nature of the task and degree of structure. The skilled soccer and hockey players were quicker than the skilled volleyball players at recognizing structured soccer and hockey action sequences. Performance differences were not observed on the structured volleyball trials between the skilled soccer, field hockey and volleyball players. The skilled field hockey and soccer players were able to transfer perceptual information or strategies between their respective sports. The less skilled participants' results were less clear. Implications for domain-specific expertise, transfer and diversity across domains are discussed. 相似文献
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9.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):329-336
Abstract Aspects of team players' performance are negatively affected when ~ 2% body mass is lost by perspiration. Although such dehydration is likely reached during summer practice in outdoors sports, it is unclear if such dehydration is achieved during the practice of indoor sports. We assessed the fluid and electrolyte deficits of elite team players during practice for the following indoor sports: indoor soccer (n=9), basketball (n=11), volleyball (n=10), and handball (n=13). Morning hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration from the forearm was used to estimate whole-body sodium losses. Over 91% of the players were moderately hypohydrated (urine specific gravity>1.020) at waking 3 h before practice. Indoor soccer players sweated at a higher rate (1.8 litres · h?1) than volleyball and handball players (1.2 and 1.1 litres · h?1, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sweat rate was not different between basketball players (1.5 litres · h?1) and the other team sport players (P>0.05). In average, 62±13% of sweat losses were replaced and teams' body mass loss did not exceed 1.2±0.3%. Sodium losses were similar among teams, averaging 1.2±0.2 g. The exercise fluid replacement habits of professional indoor team players are adequate to prevent 2% dehydration. However, most players could benefit from increasing fluid intake between workouts to offset the high prevalence of morning hypohydration. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Women participants in archery, badminton, basketball, bowling, golf, hockey, Softball, tennis, and volleyball were tested to determine the relative strenuousness of these sports. The subjects' heart beats were telemetered during participation in each sport, and estimates of their ventilation and oxygen uptake for each activity were determined from data collected in the laboratory. Mean heart rates, oxygen uptake and VO2 per kilogram of body weight were calculated for each subject in each sport. Comparisons were made to determine which activities demanded the greatest energy expenditure. Heart rates ranging from a mean of 85 beats/min. in bowling to a mean of 185 beats/min. for the roving player in basketball were recorded. The energy expenditure of the roving player in basketball was similar to that of the center halfback in hockey; these two positions required a significantly greater O2 uptake than the positions tested in all other sports. Play in these positions was classified as heavy activity. The non-roving positions of forward and guard in basketball, badminton, tennis, Softball (pitcher), and volleyball were rated as moderate activity. Golf, archery, and bowling were categorized as light activity in terms of energy expenditure. 相似文献
11.
《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):315-329
In many countries, voluntary sports clubs are the main recipients of public subsidies regarding the provision of recreational sport, and the economically most important level of government is usually the local government (i.e. the municipalities). The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how municipal framework conditions matter for sports clubs. Inspired by previous studies, we examine the role of direct and indirect public subsidies as well as facility coverage. The authors conduct analyses on a general level (for all sports) and specifically for five sports (badminton, football, gymnastics, handball and swimming). The differentiation between sports allows us to examine how municipal framework conditions might be associated differently with density and participation across sports. In the statistical analyses, the authors apply data collected among all 98 Danish municipalities. The results show that the municipal levels of direct and indirect subsidies are weakly correlated with both the density of and participation in sports clubs, while stronger correlations can be identified with regard to facility coverage. The analyses for the five sports reveal that the supply of relevant facility types is – with few exceptions – positively correlated with sports club density and participation levels within each sport. Thus, facility coverage seems to play a more important role for sports clubs than the levels of indirect and particularly direct subsidies. 相似文献
12.
The ability to recognize patterns of play is fundamental to performance in team sports. While typically assumed to be domain-specific, pattern recognition skills may transfer from one sport to another if similarities exist in the perceptual features and their relations and/or the strategies used to encode and retrieve relevant information. A transfer paradigm was employed to compare skilled and less skilled soccer, field hockey and volleyball players' pattern recognition skills. Participants viewed structured and unstructured action sequences from each sport, half of which were randomly represented with clips not previously seen. The task was to identify previously viewed action sequences quickly and accurately. Transfer of pattern recognition skill was dependent on the participant's skill, sport practised, nature of the task and degree of structure. The skilled soccer and hockey players were quicker than the skilled volleyball players at recognizing structured soccer and hockey action sequences. Performance differences were not observed on the structured volleyball trials between the skilled soccer, field hockey and volleyball players. The skilled field hockey and soccer players were able to transfer perceptual information or strategies between their respective sports. The less skilled participants' results were less clear. Implications for domain-specific expertise, transfer and diversity across domains are discussed. 相似文献
13.
天津市第11届全运会参赛项目布局分析与启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用比较优势理论,对天津市第11届全运会竞技体育优势项目布局进行分析,探讨天津市竞技体育发展及备战第12届全运会的启示。研究结果表明:(1)天津市第11届全运会参赛项目中排球、网球、水球、击剑、沙滩排球、武术套路、跳水、柔道、游泳、自行车10个项目为比较优势项目;(2)比较潜优势项目有足球、乒乓球、体操、举重、跆拳道、田径6个项目;(3)保持比较优势项目竞争实力,提升比较潜优势项目竞争实力,结合项目特点,实现男女项目优势互补,资源共享,确保天津市12运会竞赛目标的实现及竞技体育整体水平的提高。 相似文献
14.
全面加强训练工作为实现本世纪末的奥运争光计划而努力奋斗 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本世纪末,中国体育要在1998年亚运会上继续保持金牌领先位置,在2000年奥运会上继续保持第2集团领先位置。为此,必须抓好重点项目布局,巩固扩大优势项目,集中力量发展乒乓球、羽毛球、体操、举重、射击、柔道、游泳、田径8个项目;加快竞技体育领导体制和运行机制改革,处理好改革与发展、训练与比赛的关系;加强运动队的思想教育,反对体育界的不正之风;加强宏观调控和教练队伍建设等。 相似文献
15.
Roger Vanmeerbeek 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(16):1929-1946
While the important role of several ‘muscular missionaries' in promoting sport has been thoroughly studied and discussed, less is known about the sports policy of the Force Publique (FP, Public Army) in the Belgian Congo. Therefore, for this article we have focused on military sources. Like the Catholic Church, the FP tried to establish a new order and, by doing so, shaped ‘new tribes' and new identities. In the military training camps – where the recruits lived together with their wives and children – they were physically drilled by means of Swedish gymnastics, fitness exercises and battle training. The choice of Swedish gymnastics was not a surprise, since Belgium was the Mecca of Swedish gymnastics until 1968. Additionally, the soldiers practised sports like football, volleyball, basketball, judo and track and field, as a kind of leisure. With regard to track and field, however, well-performing athletes were selected and displaced to the best training facilities. Some of these Congolese elite athletes, like Victor Mangwele, were able to break Belgian records during their participation in national and international competitions. It remains unclear, however, to what degree all these military athletes also became part of a ‘new elite'. In the eyes of the Congolese population, their performances could be seen in an ambivalent way: on the one hand they represented the disciplining policy of the colonial power, on the other hand they were idols showing the colonial power the prowess of the African population. 相似文献
16.
Kamasha Robertson Johan Pion Mireille Mostaert Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir Tamara Kramer Irene Renate Faber 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(23):2706-2715
ABSTRACTDifferences and similarities between table tennis and other racquet sports exist, but are not well documented in the literature, in spite of the relevance for talent identification. In this study we aimed at identifying the key characteristics of table tennis in comparison with tennis and badminton based upon a survey in coaches. A total of 177 licensed coaches from all across the world and with diverse professional backgrounds completed a survey on anthropometric measures, physical performance, and motor coordination skills. On a scale from 1 to 10, coaches indicated to what extent a talent characteristic was important for their sport. MANOVA identified key differences as well as similarities between all three racquet sports and a subsequent discriminant analysis allocated coaches correctly for table tennis, tennis, and badminton 81.01%, 55.6%, and 71.4% respectively. Our results show that table tennis and other racquet sport coaches are well aware of differences between the racquet sports and also the importance and value of testing and assortment of skill components. These findings can assist coaches in future talent orientation and transfer in racquet sports. 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):1-15
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of muscle strength, trainingspecific and anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density (BMD) in male top athletes of different sports in comparison to untrained controls. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 173 males, aged 18 to 31 years. Of these, 104 were athletes (runners, n = 21; cyclists, n = 12; triathletes, n = 18), heavy athletes (HA, judo and wrestling, n = 28), and team sport athletes (TS, handball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, n = 25); 44 were unspecifically trained sport students (STU); and 25 were untrained controls (UT). Sport- and group-specific differences were found in anthropometric but not strength parameters. Marked sport- and group-specific differences were found for BMD at lumbar spine (LSP) and the femoral sites (FEM). Group-specific effects on BMD were clearest when calculating percentual differences between BMD of athletes and UT: In group I (HA, TS, and STU), BMD at LSP and FEM were significantly (p < .01) higher compared to UT; in group II (R and TRI), BMD at FEM but not at LSP was higher compared to UT (p <.01); and in group III (C), no BMD value was significantly different from UT. Multiple regression analysis revealed lean body mass to be the strongest predictor for BMD at LSP and FEM. We conclude that mechanical loads have strong effects on bone adaptation. Sport-specific and body region-specific effects have to be taken into account for evaluation of osteogenic effects of exercise. Particularly dynamic sports with short, high, and multidimensional loads have the strongest effects on bone formation, independent of training quantity. 相似文献
18.
Esther Ubago-Guisado Jorge García-Unanue Jorge López-Fernández Javier Sánchez-Sánchez Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1484-1492
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice. 相似文献
19.
Ben Piggott Sean Müller Paola Chivers Carmen Papaluca Gerard Hoyne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):267-286
Sports science research is traditionally monodisciplinary despite calls for an interdisciplinary focus. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to identify studies on talent identification, talent selection and competition performance to determine whether interdisciplinary research is being conducted. Thirty-six studies met the selection criteria. These studies were critiqued relative to sport, skill level, sport science sub-disciplines included, and whether the research was multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary. The secondary purpose of the review was to critique the level of analysis and level of representative task design in performance tests used in the studies. Twenty-five studies were categorised as interdisciplinary, with 11 categorised as multidisciplinary. Thirteen sports were represented with soccer the most frequent followed by field hockey, Australian Rules football, handball and rugby league. Thirty-two studies completed their analysis at a group level and four at an individual level. A total of 337 performance tests were rated for representative task design with 64 categorised as low, 123 as medium and 150 as high. The results pertaining to interdisciplinary studies and individual analyses are discussed in relation to constraints theory, which predicts that interacting variables can explain sport performance. Sports science research is beginning to fulfil the call for interdisciplinary research. Future research, however, needs to consider individual analyses and representative task design of tests to progress sports science knowledge. 相似文献
20.
采用专家访谈、特尔菲法、层次分析法对排球项目"跨界跨项"选材的概念、目前亟待解决的关键问题进行了研究。针对"从什么项目选"、"年龄和训练基础有什么要求"、"测试什么内容及指标"三个关键问题建议如下：（1）当前适宜从篮球和田径进行排球"跨界跨项"选材;（2）男运动员一般不超过15岁,女运动员一般不超过13岁;（3）选材关键指标为身高、跟腱长、学习能力、运用能力、助跑摸高、半"米"字移动以及快速决策能力。 相似文献