共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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进食障碍(eating disorders,EDS)主要是指以反常的摄食行为和心理紊乱为特征、伴有显著的体重改变和/或生理功能紊乱的一组综合征.其主要的临床类型包括:神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和非典型性进食障碍.运动员存在的进食障碍多为非典型性进食障碍,且以女性居多,其发病的危险性是非运动员女性的3倍以上. 相似文献
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女运动员三联征包括闭经、骨质疏松和饮食紊乱，它最早是由美国运动医学联合会于1992年提出的。运动性闭经是月经失调最严重的形式，可分为两种类型：原发性闭经和继发性闭经，女运动员骨质疏松的发病率要高于普通女性，女运动员需要在20岁以前尽可能地累积以提高峰值骨量。饮食紊乱也包括两种形式：神经性厌食和神经性贪食，饮食紊乱在某些体育运动项目中发生的危险性较高，文章综述了女运动员三联征各组分及其相互之间关系和诊断与管理的研究进展。 相似文献
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通过文献资料法,逻辑分析法,对进食障碍形成的社会文化因素、家庭因素和个人因素进行分析研究,结合进食障碍预防理论,提出进食障碍的体育运动预防与治疗方案.进食障碍的预防理论模型涉及到体育运动的主要有非特异性易感压力模型、社会认知模型和批判性社会观点模型三种,通过健康认知教育改变患者错误的健康观念、认知特点、情感特点和人格特质,树立正确的健康观念;进行科学的体育运动和营养来解决患者应对技能、社会支持、积极身体意象、营养摄入与消耗等问题,为制定体育运动防治进食障碍原则、运动及营养方案奠定理论基础. 相似文献
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目的：为探讨皮划艇静水皮艇项目运动损伤的特征,本文以山东省队为例进行运动损伤现状分析,旨在为预防运动员发生损伤提供相关理论依据。方法：在分析运动员体重等基本情况基础上,对运动损伤的部位和组织、致伤训练的类型、损伤的左右侧和新旧伤进行帕累托分析。结果：(1)运动损伤主要发生的部位,男性运动员在腰部,占比79.06%;女性运动员主要集中在膝关节、腰部和背部,累计占比达到87.63%。(2)运动损伤主要发生的组织为肌肉组织,在男性运动员中占比69.91%;在女性运动员中占比45.70%。(3)运动损伤主要致伤训练为测试仪训练,在男性运动员中占比45.75%;在女性运动员占比34.95%。(4)运动损伤左右侧分布,中间脊柱损伤的例数最少。(5)持续旧伤在男性运动员占比为88.77%;女性运动员占比63.44%。结论：皮划艇静水皮艇项目运动损伤发生部位主要集中在腰部;损伤发生的主要组织为肌肉组织;致伤训练主要为测试仪训练;持续旧伤占运动损伤的主体,左右侧损伤较多,中间脊柱损伤的例数较少。 相似文献
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运动性胃肠综合症是由运动引起机体胃肠系统出现功能性紊乱的一种病症，具备发病率高、范围广、原因复杂等特点，严重影响运动员的日常训练及比赛，因此如何有效防治成为研究重点。随着人类元基因组计划的启动，大量研究表明肠道菌群在维持肠道健康方面有着十分重要的作用。相关学者以肠道菌群为靶点，研究运动性胃肠综合征的发病机制后发现保证运动员肠道菌群的多样性和丰度可有效改善其症状，成为防治运动性胃肠综合征的新方法。故本文采用文献资料等方法分析运动性胃肠综合症的发病类型、影响因素及发病机制，剖析以肠道菌群为介入点改善运动性胃肠综合征的作用机理，深入总结前人研究，为运动性胃肠综合症及其防治的相关研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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在运动员,特别是高水平运动员,腰椎峡部裂是常见病、多发病,其总发病率有报导高达２０．７％。此病也常见于杂技及舞蹈演员。我院自１９８５年以来共发现８２例,以体操及举重运动员发病最多。其发病率与训练年限成正比。腰后伸运动多的项目发病率高。主要是逐渐发病,... 相似文献
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“女运动员三联征”包括了相互联系的三个征象，即进食障碍、闭经和早发骨质疏松。这三种症状在女运动员经常同时出现，尤其易发生在那些从事美学和生理学上依赖低体脂或低体重取得成功的项目的运动员中，是影响女运动员健康和竞技状态的重要因素。女运动员三联征与机体能量不平衡有关。从机体能量平衡调节的角度综述女运动员三联征的发生机制。 相似文献
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备战八运会优秀运动员急性运动损伤的治疗迟秉花运动员急性运动损伤在训练和比赛中经常发生,主要表现为关节扭伤、肌肉拉伤、肌肉挫伤等。其发病的原因多为准备活动不充分或过度疲劳机能状况下降以及意外因素所致。在急性运动损伤发生后及时预以有效的治疗,对于促进伤... 相似文献
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《体育与科学》2017,(6):81-86
女性的体育参与经历了曲折的演进过程,现代传媒对女性运动员的报道呈现多元化价值倾向。网络传媒对女性运动员的形象构建存在明显的性别差异,其注意力更倾向于"身体美",对女性运动员的形象构建倾向娱乐化。网络传媒对女性运动员的形象构建不可避免地杂糅着男性的审美期许,同时女性运动员也兼具社会主体文化价值形象。网络媒介对女性运动员形象的建构存在国别与区域差异,体育资讯网站的信息归类相对杂乱。网络传媒中女性运动员生活空间的表达则集中在现代女性身体美的评判标准,网络传媒对女运动员的报道扩展到生活空间;女性运动员的娱乐化主题关注和私密生活的炒作成为网络传媒的营销手段;网络媒介对女性运动员的关注更多地体现为社会身份认同和角色期许的价值元素。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):499-508
Abstract The prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders vary from 0–19% in male athletes and 6–45% in female athletes. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of eating disorders in adolescent and adult athletes including: (1) prevalence data; (2) suggested sport- and gender-specific risk factors and (3) importance of early detection, management and prevention of eating disorders. Additionally, this paper presents suggestions for future research which includes: (1) the need for knowledge regarding possible gender-specific risk factors and sport- and gender-specific prevention programmes for eating disorders in sports; (2) suggestions for long-term follow-up for female and male athletes with eating disorders and (3) exploration of a possible male athlete triad. 相似文献
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Competitive sport has been under increasing discussion as a possible favourable factor in the development of eating disorders among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sport-specific eating disorders, in line with the concept of anorexia athletica. This prospective field study included one experimental group and two control groups (disease and healthy). Fifty-two pre-professional ballet dancers aged 13-20 years were tested for clinical eating disorders, anorexia athletica criteria, eating disorder related psychopathology and self-concept, and were compared with 52 patients with anorexia nervosa and 44 non-athletic controls of the same age. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews as well as self-report questionnaires. A clinical eating disorder diagnosis was made in 1.9% of the ballet dancers versus 0% of the high school students; anorexia athletica was diagnosed in 5.8% of the dancers versus 2.3% of the students. Ballet dancers scored lower than patients with anorexia nervosa with regard to eating disorder related psychopathology and higher than the patients with regard to self-concept. We conclude that more sensitive tools to differentiate between sport-specific (eating) patterns, anorexia athletica and clinically relevant eating disorders are needed, especially for aesthetic sports such as ballet. It remains an important goal to identify athletes with symptoms of anorexia athletica irrespective of their physique and/or sport. 相似文献
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Laura Herbrich Ernst Pfeiffer Ulrike Lehmkuhl Nora Schneider 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1115-1123
Abstract Competitive sport has been under increasing discussion as a possible favourable factor in the development of eating disorders among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sport-specific eating disorders, in line with the concept of anorexia athletica. This prospective field study included one experimental group and two control groups (disease and healthy). Fifty-two pre-professional ballet dancers aged 13–20 years were tested for clinical eating disorders, anorexia athletica criteria, eating disorder related psychopathology and self-concept, and were compared with 52 patients with anorexia nervosa and 44 non-athletic controls of the same age. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews as well as self-report questionnaires. A clinical eating disorder diagnosis was made in 1.9% of the ballet dancers versus 0% of the high school students; anorexia athletica was diagnosed in 5.8% of the dancers versus 2.3% of the students. Ballet dancers scored lower than patients with anorexia nervosa with regard to eating disorder related psychopathology and higher than the patients with regard to self-concept. We conclude that more sensitive tools to differentiate between sport-specific (eating) patterns, anorexia athletica and clinically relevant eating disorders are needed, especially for aesthetic sports such as ballet. It remains an important goal to identify athletes with symptoms of anorexia athletica irrespective of their physique and/or sport. 相似文献
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目的:确定青少年足球运动员左室肥厚的生理极限值,预防运动员运动性猝死的发生风险。方法:采用超声心动仪检测60名优秀青少年足球运动员和60名年龄、性别类似的健康对照者及40名其他项目运动员的左心室厚度。结果:与对照组相比,青少年足球运动员的左心室壁厚度(LVWT)较大,为9.5±1.7mm,对照组为8.4±1.4mm。其中5名运动员(8.3%)的最大LVWT超过了预测值的上限;只有1名男运动员的绝对LVWT值大于12mm(1.7%)。5名运动员的LVWT超过了预测限度,提示左心腔扩大(54.4±2.1mm;范围为52~60mm)。而女运动员LVWT值均小于11 mm。结论:与非运动员相比,有训练的青少年足球运动员的LVWT值更大。只有一小部分运动员的LVWT超过了上限,但少有大于12mm,而腔室一般都有扩大现象。提示,当有训练的青少年足球运动员男子LVWT>12mm,女子>11mm,极有可能属于肥厚性心肌病。 相似文献
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个性是个体的心理倾向性和品质的组合，它决定着个体的活动和行为方式，同样影响或决定着运动员在技术方面的表现和今后发展。对运动员的个性心理特征研究是运动心理学研究的重要内容之一，已成为我国运动心理学领域中的热点。本文采用卡特尔16项个性因素量表对运动员个体进行了个性特征的调查研究，表明了优秀武术男运动员在聪慧性（B）、有恒性（G）、敏感性（I）等因素表现为高分特征，在独立性（Q2）因素表现为低分特征，优秀武术女运动员在聪慧性（B）、自制性（Q3）因素表现为高分特征，在稳定性（C）、实验性（Q1）等因素表现为低分特征。这为今后武术运动员的心理选材、科学训练提供了参考的心理依据。 相似文献
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Participation in elite sport, and in particular those sports with special demands in terms of weight and shape, is associated with a higher risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa [Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2010). Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 112–121]. We report upon research exploring eating attitudes and behaviours within elite gymnastics. The study comprised 42 semi-structured interviews with gymnasts and support staff—34 gymnasts and 9 staff/support staff. The majority of those interviewed were acrobatic gymnasts (22; 16 males and 6 females) with 7 rhythmic gymnasts (all female) and 5 tumblers (all female). The mean age of those gymnasts interviewed was 17.4. A difficulty in precisely delineating extreme eating patterns (disordered eating) from having an eating disorder was noted. Within an elite sports context behaviours thought to be pathological in a more general setting might be fairly commonplace and even functional to the athlete's performance. The extent to which the athlete consents to these patterns of behaviour is problematic given their age and development. We argue that conceptualising consent as ‘authority to be cared for by a trustworthy coach’, more felicitously applies to the child/adolescent elite sporting context, helping us understand not only the focus of the elite gymnast, but also their relationship with the coach and the coaches' responsibilities. 相似文献
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目的:探讨我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时的损伤发生规律,为预防和降低跆拳道运动损伤提供参考依据。方法:对参加2011年全国跆拳道冠军赛的237名运动员的损伤情况进行调查和分析。结果:我国优秀跆拳道运动员比赛时损伤总体发生率为13.1%,男显著高于女(P<0.01);男子损伤发生部位依次为下肢、头部、脊椎和上肢,女子损伤部位集中在下肢和头部;男子最常见的损伤类型依次为扭伤、挫伤和撕裂伤;女子最常见的损伤类型为挫伤、扭伤和拉伤;损伤机制主要发生在受到对方腿击时,其次出现在出腿进攻时,男子更倾向于在被对手出腿击中的情况下发生损伤。结论:新规则实施后跆拳道运动员的损伤发生率减少,与下肢相比,运动员头部损伤比例增加,运动损伤类型较多,损伤机制多发生在运动员实施高难动作的对抗环节,进一步提高运动员运动素质、完善技术动作、加强对抗性格挡训练是防治损伤的重要环节。 相似文献
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以参加“十运会”的古典式摔跤、男女自由式摔跤、男女柔道五个运动队的重点运动员为研究对象，调查分析“十运会”前两年运动员贫血的状况。每周一晨对研究对象进行血常规测试，持续两年。结果显示，山东省摔柔项目运动员的贫血患病率低于国内外其他报道；所有的贫血均为轻度贫血，与男队员相比，女队员铁、叶酸、维生素B12等造血原料缺乏更严重，个别队员先天性血红蛋白水平较低。建议运动员应积极治疗引起贫血的各种原发病，注意营养均衡、饮食科学、针对性的补充运动营养品，而耐力性项目或以有氧能力为基础的项目的运动员选材，要重视血红蛋白这一指标。 相似文献